Bitter pill for the pharmaceutical industry

In Case C-431/04 of 4 May 2006 the European Court of Justiceruled that a combination of an active ingredient and an excipientcannot be understood as ‘combination of active substances’in the sense of Article 1(b) of Council Regulation 1768/92 andthus is not entitled to SPC protection.     

Clinical forensic medicine

This article discusses the merits of participation by medical examiners in the area of clinical forensic medicine. The present connotation that we deal after the fact should be abandoned with enhanced involvement in assisting the living. The paper focuses on a broad range of categories where forensic scientists by virtue of their training and experience could be most helpful in the application of medical knowledge to the solution of questions of law.     

Forensic medicine and criminalistics

The supplementary designation "criminalistics" in the title of certain forensic medical institutes in the first half of this century is to be regarded as a reaction to faulty developments in our specialty, which almost led to the elimination of forensic medicine as an independent scientific discipline in the 1960s. The ability to think in terms of criminalistics and the corresponding working procedures has always been a crucial precondition for the forensic physician, since forensic medicine is the application of medical knowledge for juridical purposes. Forensic medicine originated with the appraisal of cases of violent death by doctors, i.e., reconstruction of the facts in the case. To use the term "criminalistics" in the form of a supplementary designation is thus not required. An attempt is nevertheless made to define "medical criminalistics" as a small but important component of criminalistics. They are subdivided into two phases: the first part begins at the scene of the crime or the place of discovery (local evidence). Here, the trained eye of the forensic physician is indispensable to the criminal investigation department and the prosecutor. Medical criminalistic thinking and working procedures continue at the autopsy. Here, forensic autopsy differs from that practiced by the pathologist. Without knowledge of the situation at the discovery location, the forensic physician runs the risk of not recognizing facts that are important for reconstruction and thus becoming a "destroyer of clues". The second part of medical criminalistics is the actual detection of medical clues, i.e., the investigation of medical clues with special methods, including histological and toxicological investigations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

关于药品侵权的几点思考--一起注射疫苗过敏案件评析

药品侵权的构成以药品存在缺陷为前提;药品之缺陷应当包括设计缺陷、警示缺陷、制造缺陷3种情形;药品合格的证明标准是具体使用的药品本身不存在缺陷,而不是某个批次的药品具有合格证书;药品质量的证明责任应当由药品的生产者承担.     

MVR-PCR及其法医学的应用

小卫星可变重复单位作图(MinisatelliteVariantRepeatmapping,MVRmapping)是近十年发展起来的一项DNA分析技术。本综述对该技术的分子学基础、发展过程及其在法医学的应用作了系统的阐述。认为该技术在个人识别与亲子鉴定方面发挥着为其它DNA分析技术所不可替代的作用,正在成为法医学生物检材检验的重要手段之一。     

Standardization in forensic medicine

It is for the first time that an issue is raised on the need to introduce a system of standardization into the forensic medical field. A general scheme is suggested of how to do it.     

关于药品侵权的几点思考——一起注射疫苗过敏案件评析

药品侵权的构成以药品存在缺陷为前提;药品之缺陷应当包括设计缺陷、警示缺陷、制造缺陷3种情形;药品合格的证明标准是具体使用的药品本身不存在缺陷,而不是某个批次的药品具有合格证书;药品质量的证明责任应当由药品的生产者承担.     

An ethical protocol for complementary and alternative medicine practitioners in an orthodox medicine regime

Concern that has been expressed about the provision of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in an orthodox medicine context with regard to the possibility of a client not being referred to the latter when the condition is readily dealt with by it. There have been some negative outcomes for clients when orthodox medicine has not been used when it was clearly indicated. Complementary and alternative medicine has many strengths for clients but it behoves a CAM practitioner to consider circumstances when it is appropriate to refer a client to orthodox medicine or to work in a complementary manner with orthodox medicine. This article suggests some guidelines that CAM practitioners should consider when assessing the circumstances when referral to orthodox medicine is indicated to support ethical practice for the benefit of the client.     

Forensic medicine in the Indo-Pacific region: history and current practice of forensic medicine

A brief history of forensic medicine in the Indo-Pacific region followed by the extent of medical education imparted to undergraduates and current practice in various countries of the region are examined.