共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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《Forensic science international》1996,78(2):103-110
Today, the PCR analysis of DNA from the saliva deposited on a stamp of an anonymous letter can lead to an identification. However, this analysis still involves problems, and DNA extraction can be particularly difficult. A comparative study of two DNA extraction methods with two categories of postage stamps was carried out and a purification process was tested. This study shows that the extraction with phenol/chloroform gives much better results than Chelex extraction. A purification process such as the use of CentriconTM 100 microconcentrators is recommended when an inhibition of PCR is present. This operation, however, results in a large loss of material. 相似文献
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Anna A. Mapes M.Sc. Ate D. Kloosterman Ph.D. Christianne J. de Poot Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):851-856
Current figures on the efficiency of DNA as an investigative tool in criminal investigations only tell part of the story. To get the DNA success story in the right perspective, we examined all forensic reports from serious (N = 116) and high‐volume crime cases (N = 2791) over the year 2011 from one police region in the Netherlands. These data show that 38% of analyzed serious crime traces (N = 384) and 17% of analyzed high‐volume crime traces (N = 386) did not result in a DNA profile. Turnaround times (from crime scene to DNA report) were 66 days for traces from serious crimes and 44 days for traces from high‐volume crimes. Suspects were truly identified through a match with the Offender DNA database of the Netherlands in 3% of the serious crime cases and in 1% of the high‐volume crime cases. These data are important for both the forensic laboratory and the professionals in the criminal justice system to further optimize forensic DNA testing as an investigative tool. 相似文献
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目的调查河南地区汉族人群14个STR基因座的遗传多态性。同时简要介绍本实验室建库流程。方法应用DNA Typer15TM Direct试剂盒检测359名河南地区汉族无关个体14个STR基因座的等位基因频率,并应用统计软件计算群体遗传学参数。结果 14个STR基因座的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),14个基因座的杂合度(H)在0.694~0.922之间,匹配概率(Pm)在0.017~0.131之间,个人识别率(PD)在0.869~0.983之间,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.670~0.910之间,非父排除概率(PE)在0.418~0.841之间。结论 14个STR基因座在河南汉族人群中有较高的多态性,所得的群体遗传学数据可为法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定提供结果评估的依据。应用DNA Typer 15TM Direct试剂盒构建DNA数据库简单经济实用。 相似文献
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Isolation of the DNA minisatellite probe MZ 1.3 and its application to DNA 'fingerprinting' analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
U Schacker P M Schneider B Holtkamp E Bohnke R Fimmers H H Sonneborn C Rittner 《Forensic science international》1990,44(2-3):209-224
A minisatellite probe, MZ 1.3, detecting hypervariable fragment patterns was isolated from a human genomic library. A repetitive sequence of 27 bp length was identified which is contained in the probe approx. 40 times. The MZ 1.3 repeat shows variable homology of 53-73% to the repetitive sequence of the protein III gene of the bacteriophage M13 genome. Polymorphic restriction fragment patterns were found with MZ 1.3 using the enzymes Hinf I, BstN I, Hae III, Mbo I, PstI/Pvu II, and Rsa I. An average of 18 polymorphic fragments was observed using Hinf I as enzyme. The band sharing frequency after Hinf I digestion among unrelated individuals was determined to be 23.8 +/- 7.2%. An example for the application of MZ 1.3 to paternity testing in an incest case is given. The probe can be used with radioactive or non-radioactive detection systems. An approach is presented to compare polymorphic fragment patterns from individuals obtained by independent gel runs on the basis of relative band positions (RBP) and calculated in a computerized analysis. 相似文献
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《Science & justice》2014,54(5):369-372
The theoretical advantages of miniSTRs are undeniable. Several studies show that miniSTRs are more sensitive and robust in the analysis of low template and degraded DNA. In this study we want to show the overall benefit of using miniSTRs in real forensic casework samples and show the percentage of samples that benefit from analysis with additional miniSTR loci in terms of resulting in a useful profile. The considered samples were 3064 touch DNA samples, analyzed in our accredited routine forensic DNA profiling laboratory between mid 2009 and mid 2013. Of these 3064 samples, 618 samples were analyzed using 13 loci, 532 samples using 15 loci and 1914 samples using 20 loci of which 5 were the mini- and midi-STR loci that were added to the extended European Standard Set (ESS). The retrospective results show a small increased success rate after implementation of extra loci and an even smaller increase after the implementation of the mini- and midi-STR analysis. The percentage of touch DNA samples that benefit from the analysis of additional mini- and midi-STR loci is limited. 相似文献
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Forensic DNA Sampling and the England and Wales National DNA Database: A Sceptical Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carole Mccartney 《Critical Criminology》2004,12(2):157-178
This paper explores possible implications of the rapid expansion of the England and Wales National DNA Database (NDNAD), and
the current DNA sampling of offenders and the retention of samples. A precis of the justifications enunciated for the NDNAD
is followed by a sceptic's rebuttal and wider analysis of the impact of the growth of forensic DNA testing. It is contended
that the expansion of forensic DNA testing should be considered a response within the risk society to the problem of criminal
detection, where “risky populations” will have their DNA held permanently by the State for the prevention and early detection
of crime. As with any new technology, new “risks” are created, including not only error, improper access and disclosure and
“function creep” but the potential creation of a “suspect society” with forensic DNA technology co-opted into mass surveillance
and social control mechanisms.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Extraction of human nuclear DNA from feces samples using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of a QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN) for extracting human nuclear DNA from feces samples is reported. This method employs a stool lysis buffer and a unique matrix (InhibitEX tablet) to remove PCR inhibitory substances specific to feces samples. DNA extracted from various amounts of stool and from stool samples exposed to different environmental impacts was successfully amplified and typed using the Profiler Plus Amplification Kit and ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyser. 相似文献
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法医DNA实验室的DNA污染和防范 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
DNA污染是产生DNA鉴定结论错误的重要因素,法医DNA实验室要努力去解决这一问题。DNA污染有自身污染、交叉污染、PCR污染3种。法医DNA实验室要采取实验室分区、严格检验操作步骤、对试剂及消耗材料进行质量控制等方法防止发生DNA污染,采取设置对照样本、核查DNA结果、建立DNA排查数据库等方法监测和发现DNA污染。 相似文献
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Alex M. Garvin Ph.D. ; Michel Bottinelli Ph.D. ; Mauro Gola Ph.D. ; Ario Conti Ph.D. ; Gianni Soldati Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1297-1303
Abstract: The standard method to purify sperm DNA from vaginal swabs taken from rape victims is to selectively digest the victim's epithelial cells to solubilize the victim's DNA, and then separate the soluble DNA from the intact sperm by centrifugation. A different approach to removing the soluble victim's DNA is to selectively degrade it using a nuclease, DNase I. DNase I reduces the amount of soluble DNA by over 1000-fold, while having virtually no effect on the sperm DNA remaining in the sperm head and inaccessible to the enzyme. Nuclease inactivation and sperm lysis then yield a soluble, pure male DNA fraction. An aliquot of soluble DNA is removed prior to nuclease addition to provide the victim's fraction. Vaginal swabs taken at defined time points following consensual sex and taken from rape victims were processed using the nuclease method or the standard method and the nuclease method gave superior short tandem repeat profiles. 相似文献
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磁珠法自动化纯化现场检材DNA方法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的利用TE-MAGS在TECAN工作站上结合磁珠试剂盒,建立自动化工作站批量纯化现场检材DNA的方法,并探讨其在法医物证检案中的应用。方法灵敏度测试:标准品使用0.1ng/μL 9947A,用200μL TES稀释制备DNA总量0.1ng~1ng共10种的标准样品,采用本文方法提取纯化,使用IdentifilerTM试剂盒扩增,用3130XL型测序仪检测,Gene Mapper ID-X分析,分析STR图谱质量;纯化能力测试:在1ng总量的标准样品中加入腐殖酸、血红素,采用本文方法提取纯化、扩增检测,分析STR图谱质量;实际案件应用对比:收集304份现场检材,分别采用本方法和硅珠法进行提取纯化,经扩增检测,统计对比两种提取纯化方法 STR分型成功率。结果灵敏度测试:0.1ng~0.2ng总量标准样品提取的DNA模板,扩增后可检测到部分基因座STR图谱,0.3ng~1ng总量标准样品提取的DNA模板,扩增后可以得到完整的STR图谱;纯化能力测试:对混合有一定浓度的腐殖酸、血红素的标准样品的提取产物检测图谱未见明显抑制;实际案件应用对比测试:304份现场检材工作站磁珠法检出成功率(50%)高于硅珠法(40.8%)。结论本文所建立的方法缓冲范围较大,回收率高,纯化能力强,提取产物STR分型成功率高,适合现场检材批量化DNA检验。 相似文献
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DNA分型实验室管理应重视的几个问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1985年Gill等第一次报导将DNA指纹图用于个体讽别并获得成功后,DNA分型技术在个体识别和亲子鉴定中的应用潜力开始为法医界所注目【'].随着该项技术的日益完善,它极大地提高了生物学检材(血液,血痕,精斑,混合斑,毛发和指甲等)在法医物证学鉴定过程中的价值,并广泛应用于法医鉴定实践中.同时,法医界又面临着这样一个问题:如何对有关的DNA分型实验室进行管理监督,以保证其能更好地为司法实践服务.本文从DNA分型实验室人员设置和要求,DNA分型技术标准化以及与传统血型血清学的关系等方面并结合国外进展作如下探讨.ID… 相似文献