CAFTA法律协议的软法性质分析

中国—东盟自由贸易区(以下简称CAFTA)五大法律协议的性质属于软法.对此,我们分析该区域软法的表现以及原因,并提出软法是双刃剑,我国应当充分利用软法民主、包容、灵活之优势,使我国与每一个国家的合作领域向纵深推进.     

Some Myth about Realism

This paper discusses the place of philosophical naturalism in the philosophy of law, with special reference to Scandinavian Realism. Hägerström originated a non‐cognitivist analysis of certain fundamental legal concepts, but he also proposed an error theory. The two approaches are incompatible, but were not always clearly distinguished. Among his followers, Olivecrona and Ross gradually abandoned the latter, at least from the late 1940s. Many accounts of their views are unclear, because the presence of these two kinds of analysis, their incompatibility, and the gradual abandonment of one, has often been overlooked. A corollary of the discussion is that there are some important corrigenda in the entry “Naturalism in legal philosophy” in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.     

Realism and Analysis Within Public Law

Allan, Loughlin and Walker represent leading theorists within the realm of public law analysis. Accordingly, when such theorists write on a similar topic, such as that of the theory of constitutionalism, it can be assumed that their analysis and evaluation of the theory represents a ‘realistic’ account. However, close examination of their writings does not reveal similarity but instead much divergence, even incompatibility. This then raises the question, how can such diversity represent reality? If all three theorists are examining the same phenomenon then surely there must be some similarity between their accounts for there to be reality? Alternatively, if all the perceptions of the theorists are indeed real, then perhaps it is the way that public lawyers represent reality that needs to be examined.     

New Legal Realism and the Ethnography of Transnational Law

The new legal realism builds on the strengths of the legal realism of the early twentieth century, viewing law as a set of social processes embedded in historical and political contexts. As it addresses sociolegal phenomena of the early twenty-first century, however, the new legal realism is more attentive to the effects of transnationalism, legal culture, and legal consciousness, and the way ideas and norms travel and are adopted around the world. Asking questions of this kind requires new, more multi-sited or deterritorialized methods of scholarship. This article explores these new perspectives and their methodologies through an examination of the use of human rights in the international movement against violence against women.     

Children's Law: Toward a New Realism

The realist approach that has dominated American jurisprudence has long had especially great acceptance in regard to children's issues. Ironically, however, decision making on such topics has seemed to be particularly unlikely to be informed by careful assessments of social reality. Symbolism has prevailed over pragmatism. Psycholegal research on children's issues has also often been misdirected. Application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child may point the way to more psychologically minded children's law.     

各国立法上违约金性质比较研究

违约金诞生于罗马法,至今理论界仍存在很大分歧,这集中表现在两大法系对惩罚性违约金的态度上。我国合同法第114条对违约金性质做了专门规定,但在理论上依然有一些问题引发争论。如何吸收两大法系的经验,及时完善我国违约金制度,避免国际贸易中的合同条款因违背各国的国内强行法而无效,实有必要对各国违约金的性质进行比较研究。     

融贯论、道德实在与法律——一个基于内在实在主义的整合

不同的真理理论导致不同的法律方法论。符合论实在主义的哲学会导致哲学的和自然主义的法律发现,而融贯论则是规范分析和法律解释的基础。不少哲学家认为没有脱离融贯论的符合论(如普特南)。但同时,从真理的客观性维度讲,融贯论只能保障认知的客观性,而不能获得形而上的客观性。融贯论的结果必然是相对主义。因此,法律哲学的认识论选择必然是折中的,这个折中的认识论可以由普特南的内在实在主义来承担,而内在实在主义将最终引向包容的法律实证主义。     

2002年环境资源法学研究的回顾与展望

2002年我国环境资源法学研究的发展主要体现在: 第一,科研力量发展.一批环境资源法教学科研机构和硕士点成立,除了专职研究人员外,越来越多的相关学科的学者关心和参与环境资源法的教学和科研活动,环境资源法学研究从初期的封闭状态日益走向开放,日益与大法学和相关的自然科学相融合.……     

后现代主义与加拿大的新现实主义法学

20世纪80年代以来,后现代主义在西方蓬勃发展并对加拿大法学理论界产生影响,形成了加拿大的新现实主义法学。这种法学包含了女权主义法学理论、批判种族主义法学理论、原住民法学理论、同性(双性)恋法学理论和批判残疾人法学理论等形态。     

商法本质的变迁

商法作为一个专门调整商事活动的部门法 ,在其历史发展的不同阶段有不同的本质属性 ,与其发展的四个历史阶段 (古代、中世纪、近代、现代商法 )相对应 ,商法的本质属性依次表现为 :1 家商一体、民商不分的商事规范 ;2 与家庭相区分的自然人之间的商人习惯法 ;3 关于企业商事活动的国内法 ;4 关于资本经营的新国际商人习惯法。     

论国际刑法的性质

国际刑法是有关制裁国际犯罪,维护国际社会共同利益的刑事法律规范的总称.作为一个新兴的法律部门,国际刑法在20世纪,特别是20世纪后半期得到了长足的发展.由于国际刑法涉及国际法和国内刑法两个法律部门,且两方面的内容不乏重迭和交叉之处,因此,法学界对于国际刑法的性质存在不同的认识.本文拟对有关国际刑法性质的各种观点进行比较研究,希望以此作为进一步研究国际刑法问题的基础.     

论国际环境法的性质

环境问题作为燃眉之危机使人类不得不直面正视 ,乃始于环境概念的扩及全球、环境破坏之影响力波及整个地球之时。国际环境法就是在现代政治、经济、文化、科技等各种因素错综复杂的变革条件下发展起来的 ,它主要是将国际法的一般原则适用于国际环境领域并通过创立、维持或认可其主体之间在利用、保护和改善环境方面的权利义务关系来实现其对国际环境关系的调整。一、国际环境法的产生　　随着工业化、城市化以及科学技术的迅猛发展 ,人类社会的活动对环境的影响大规模地超出了国界 ,影响到他国或不在国家管辖之下乃至地球以外与地球生态紧密…     

Alf Ross on the Nature of Law

In his work, On Law and Justice, Alf Ross sought to explain law in scientific/empirical terms, in terms that would require no recourse to what he called “metaphysics” or “idealism.” The result is a sort of translation of legal rules and official actions into propositions of behavior, predictions of behavior, and shared ideology. The present work raises questions about the tensions within Ross's work(s), and discusses the places where Ross's analysis seems to fall short of its ambitions. In the course of the discussion, the article considers issues relating to legal mistake, explanations of judicial behavior, and different types of normativity.     

政策性银行法性质探析

本文探讨了政策性银行法的性质。作者认为, 探讨政策性银行法的性质对制定我国的政策性银行法具有重要意义。政策性银行法是公法与私法的混合法, 也是经济法中重要的宏观调控法, 也是金融法（ 银行法） 的重要组成部分, 应该重视和加强对政策性银行法的深入研究。     

经济法的本质:协调主义及其经济学基础

经济法的本质是经济法学研究的基础理论问题。当前经济法学界对经济法本质的观点主要有干预主义和协调主义两种 ,作者认为二者谁也无法取代谁。作为公法私法化和私法公法化互动作用产物的经济法的本质只能是协调主义。经济法应当以协调社会利益和个体整体利益为立足点 ,和民商法、行政法携起手来 ,共同调整经济生活。     

格老秀斯与自然法——简评《战争与和平法》

格老秀斯以其巨著《战争与和平法》使国际法成为完整、独立、系统的学科,被称为国际法的“鼻祖”,他更是近代西方法学思想家中第一个系统地论述了自然法理论的人。他认为国内法和国际法都应以自然法为基础,国与国之间的战争也应受国际法和自然法的约束。在17、18世纪古典自然法思想家中,他第一个使自然法概念摆脱宗教神学的约束,恢复和发展了自然法的世俗观念,认为自然法代表理性或人的本性。他希望通过他所掌握的法理学、哲学和神学的渊博知识,以其具有说服力的文笔,有助于国际和平的恢复和国际间法律状态的形成。     

On the Concept and the Nature of Law

Abstract. The central argument of this article turns on the dual‐nature thesis. This thesis sets out the claim that law necessarily comprises both a real or factual dimension and an ideal or critical dimension. The dual‐nature thesis is incompatible with both exclusive legal positivism and inclusive legal positivism. It is also incompatible with variants of non‐positivism according to which legal validity is lost in all cases of moral defect or demerit (exclusive legal non‐positivism) or, alternatively, is affected in no way at all by moral defects or demerits (super‐inclusive legal non‐positivism). The dual nature of law is expressed, on the one hand, by the Radbruch formula, which says that extreme injustice is not law, and, on the other, by the correctness argument, which says that law's claim to correctness necessarily includes a claim to moral correctness. Thus, what the law is depends not only on social facts, but also on what the law ought to be.     

刑法的本质

本文认为刑法的惩罚功能与教育功能是统一的 ,刑法的教育功能是通过惩罚功能体现出来的 ,即应当为教育而惩罚 ;刑法的本质要求诉讼程序公正 ,实体的正义要求程序的正当。     

The Dual Nature of Law

The argument of this article is that the dual‐nature thesis is not only capable of solving the problem of legal positivism, but also addresses all fundamental questions of law. Examples are the relation between deliberative democracy and democracy qua decision‐making procedure along the lines of the majority principle, the connection between human rights as moral rights and constitutional rights as positive rights, the relation between constitutional review qua ideal representation of the people and parliamentary legislation, the commitment of legal argumentation to both authoritative and non‐authoritative reasons, and the distinction between rules as expressing a real “ought” and principles as expressing its ideal counterpart. All of this underscores the point that the dual nature of law is the single most essential feature of law.