发达国家共产党对社会主义的新看法

近 10年来 ,发达国家共产党根据本国社会经济发展和阶级结构的变化 ,积极探索新形势下符合本国情况的斗争策略和发展道路 ,对社会主义的看法出现许多新变化 ,对社会主义本质特征、发展道路、经济发展、发展前景等问题进行了新的探索。     

全球化、多样化与中国特色社会主义

全球化是当今世界发展的客观趋势。世界文明的多样性,决定了全球化与各国多样化发展并行不悖。中国共产党人在全球化迅猛发展的时空背景下,确立全球化合作观念,立足于本国国情,参与经济全球化,坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路。中国特色社会主义是全球化与各国发展多样化有机结合的典范,充分显示出各国在全球化进程中必须走具有本国特色发展道路的必要性和成功可能性。     

十月革命道路与东欧国家的社会主义选择

20世纪东欧国家的社会主义选择,始终受到苏俄十月革命道路的重大影响。这种影响具有明显的双重性:既是直接的,又是间接的;既有积极的,也有消极的。这种双重性体现在东欧国家社会主义的革命、建设以及改革的各个时期。东欧国家社会主义的发展历程充分证明,社会主义道路必然是民族化道路。只有把马克思主义的基本原理与本国实际相结合,探索社会主义的民族化道路,才能使社会主义真正深入人心并健康发展。     

芬兰共产党百年社会主义探索特点及评析

芬兰共产党成立100年来,对社会主义道路进行了艰辛的探索.它认为在和平环境下,芬兰可以通过和平过渡、议会斗争来实现社会主义,倡议与本国民族资产阶级进行“历史性妥协”,建立中左政权,为和平过渡到社会主义创造条件.然而,受制于外部势力的干预和自身存在的不足,芬兰共产党的一系列探索目标未能实现,在持续的党争中逐渐走向边缘化....     

论中国特色社会主义政治发展道路

中国特色社会主义政治发展道路,发端于中国共产党领导中国人民争取民族独立解放和国家富强的伟大实践之中,是我们党带领人民通过长期政治实践找到的一条适合本国国情和现代化建设需要的社会主义政治发展道路。科学发展观作为中国政治发展的价值尺度,明确回答了中国特色社会主义政治发展道路的一系列根本问题。在政治发展的目的上,科学发展观主...     

冷战后越南共产党对社会主义道路的新探索

冷战结束以来,越南共产党坚持社会主义信念不动摇,坚持走社会主义道路;不断加强党的建设,增强党的凝聚力、战斗力;积极融入国际社会,推行全方位的外交;实行社会主义定向的市场经济,促进本国经济的发展。总的看来,在越南共产党的领导下,越南经受住了苏东剧变的考验,并且稳步发展,逐渐成为发展中国家现代化建设的又一成功典范。     

20世纪东欧国家社会主义现代化的历史评析

20世纪,历史曾三次向东欧国家提供了选择本国现代化发展道路的机遇.第一次因历史制约因素而未获成功;第二次东欧国家选择了苏联模式的社会主义现代化道路;苏东剧变后,东欧国家开始第三次探索本国现代化的道路.     

越共把马克思主义与本国国情相结合的探索

越共认为,把马克思列宁主义普遍原理与本国具体国情相结合,最根本的就是要正确把握社会主义的普遍性和特殊性的关系,用马克思列宁主义的立场、观点和方法解决本国本民族的具体问题,寻找符合时代特征和本国特点的社会主义发展道路和模式,并在实践的基础上发展和创新马克思列宁主义.     

苏东剧变后希腊共产党对社会主义发展道路的探索

苏东剧变后,希腊共产党根据世界社会主义运动的历史与现状以及希腊本国的社会性质,系统阐述了希腊反帝反垄断民主革命理论,并在具体实践中加强自身建设,推动本国和世界社会主义运动的发展。     

牙买加人民民族党的民主社会主义道路及其启示

牙买加人民民族党在执政实践中首先经历了从民众主义向民主社会主义的转变,后来再从新自由主义回归到民主社会主义,成为发展中国家政党选择民主社会主义道路的典型之一.通过对牙买加人民民族党曲折的民主社会主义道路的研究,可以得出以下基本启示:单纯通过收入分配政策来实现社会公正的民主社会主义道路,并不完全适合发展中国家急需发展经济和进行结构调整的实际.     

Identity,Ideology, and Malleability

Roel Meijer's edited volume fills massive gaps in the Western literature on Salafism, presenting a highly nuanced account of a diverse and internally divided religious identity movement while avoiding the opposing pitfalls of apologetics and polemics. Aside from the diversity of the movement, a key theme throughout the volume is the persistent malleability of Salafi ideology, which has major implications for states, social policy, and international security. The unavoidable conclusion seems to be that even “quietist” strands cannot be considered reliably quietist. Those who seek to better understand the tensions within Salafism, the relationship between this movement and states around the world, and how Salafism stands in relation to various forms of aggressive, violent contention would be well-advised to refer to this volume.     

Politics,presidents, and DCIs

Sukarno's Apologists Write Again

Audrey R. Kahin and George McT. Kahin: Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia, The New Press, New York, NY, 1995, 318 pp., $25.00.

The Ames Case: Various Versions

James Adams: Sellout: Aldrich Ames and the Corruption of the CIA, Viking, New York, 1995, 322 p., $23.95.

Peter Maas: Killer Spy: The Inside Story of the FBI's Pursuit and Capture of Aldrich Ames, America's Deadliest Spy, Warner Books, New York, 1996,264 p., $6.50 (paperback; first published in hardback by Warner Books in 1995).

Tim Weiner, David Johnston, and Neil A. Lewis: Betrayal: The Story of Aldrich Ames, An American Spy, Random House, New York, 1995,308 p., $25.00.

David Wise: Nightmover: How Aldrich Ames Sold the CIA to the KGB for $4.6 Million, HarperCollins, New York, 1995,356 p., $25.00.

The Brutal March Backward

Dmitri Volkogonov: Lenin: A New Biography (Translated and edited by Harold Shukman), The Free Press, New York, 1994, 529 p., $30.00.

The Big Stretch

John Newman: Oswald and the CIA, Carroll &; Graf, New York, 1995,627 p., $28.00.

More About the Past

Oleg Gordievsky: Next Stop Execution, Macmillan, London, 1995, 396 pp., £16.99.     

Terrorism,Crime, and Transformation

This article argues that some of today's terrorist groups have transformed into transnational criminal organization (TCO) who are more interested in profits than politics. This dynamic has important implications for policymakers as some traditional, politically motivated terrorist groups further profit-minded agencies under a political banner. The author argues that there are different degrees of transformation; some terrorists commit criminal acts to support political operations, while others view profit-driven criminal acts as their end game. The articles further argues that unlike some observers suggest, TCOs and terrorist groups will not cooperate with each other to advance aims and interests, instead utilizing their "in-house" capabilities to undertake criminal or political acts.     

Sovereignty,networks, and norms

The literature on collective memories in the Baltic states often stresses the irreconcilable division between Russian and Baltic official interpretations of the Second World War. This paper seeks to challenge this popular notion of two polemic collective memories – “Latvian” and “Russian”. While there is evidence that Latvia's Russian-speakers are heavily influenced by Russian cultural and political discourses, I will argue that the actual positions taken up by Russian-speakers are more nuanced than a crude Latvian–Russian dichotomy would suggest.

Based on survey data collected at the site of the 2011 Victory Day celebrations in Riga, this paper points to the germane existence of a partial “democratization of history” among Latvia's Russian-speakers, typified by an increasing willingness to countenance and take stock of alternative views of history. Through an examination of the data it will be argued that such tentative steps towards a democratization of history are most visible among the younger cohort of Russian-speakers, whose collective memory-myths have been tempered by their dual habitation of the Latvian, as well as Russian, mythscapes. In order to more fully understand this process both bottom-up and top-down pressures will be examined.