小冠状动脉疾病合并冠状动脉畸形尸检1例

1案例某男，26岁，干部，某日上午被发现死于床上，现场勘验未发现异常情况。尸检：死者面、唇紫绀，体表无损伤。心脏重350g，心腔轻度扩张，左心室厚1.3cm，右心室厚0.3cm．心瓣膜未见异常；左、右冠状动脉开口处高出主动脉瓣缘0．3cm；右冠状动脉旁有一副冠状动脉；冠状动脉右优势型分布；窦房结动脉起始段外径0.05cm，结动脉来自右冠状动脉;冠状动脉主支未见粥样硬化斑。显微镜下见多处心肌壁内小冠状动脉壁纤维性增厚，管腔狭窄；心肌细胞浊肿、波状变性及嗜酸变性；部分心肌萎缩、肥大及间质纤维化；窦房结内肌细胞减少及脂肪浸润。肺…     

冠状动脉粥样斑块中C-反应蛋白的免疫组化研究

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中C-反应蛋白(CRP)对冠心病猝死(SCD)的诊断意义。方法从本教研室2001~2004年尸检案例中挑选68例案例资料和心脏标本,分为3组A组SCD(27例);B组冠心病非猝死者(21例);C组无明显动脉粥样硬化病变的死者(20例);应用免疫组化染色(SABC法)和图像分析技术,检测每例冠状动脉左前降支和右主支粥样硬化斑块内的CRP染色情况,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果A组有20例CRP免疫组化染色强阳性,6例呈较强阳性,1例为弱阳性;B组中3例呈较弱阳性,11例微弱阳性,7例为阴性;C组均未见阳性反应。结论检测冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的CRP对SCD的死后诊断具有一定意义。     

死后CT血管造影对冠状动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值CSCD

目的探讨死后CT血管造影技术在冠状动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄程度诊断中的应用价值。方法基于前期实验研究结果,对人死后离体心脏CT造影装置进行改良,选取不同冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度猝死的检案案例,于心脏解剖前完整取出心脏并立即行CT冠状动脉造影,并将CT血管造影结果与组织病理学所见进行比较;同时比较改良前后造影装置的优、缺点。结果改良的离体心脏造影装置可以获得更好的成像效果;死后CT血管造影技术在冠状动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄程度诊断上与解剖和组织病理学所见具有较高的一致性,同时还可以通过三维重建技术将冠状动脉病变更客观、形象地展现出来。但CT血管造影技术只能对病变血管进行检查,在死因的诊断上存在一定的局限性。结论死后CT血管造影技术在冠状动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄程度案件中可以作为传统尸体解剖的辅助手段。     

死后CT血管造影对冠状动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值

目的探讨死后CT血管造影技术在冠状动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄程度诊断中的应用价值。方法基于前期实验研究结果,对人死后离体心脏CT造影装置进行改良,选取不同冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度猝死的检案案例,于心脏解剖前完整取出心脏并立即行CT冠状动脉造影,并将CT血管造影结果与组织病理学所见进行比较;同时比较改良前后造影装置的优、缺点。结果改良的离体心脏造影装置可以获得更好的成像效果;死后CT血管造影技术在冠状动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄程度诊断上与解剖和组织病理学所见具有较高的一致性,同时还可以通过三维重建技术将冠状动脉病变更客观、形象地展现出来。但CT血管造影技术只能对病变血管进行检查,在死因的诊断上存在一定的局限性。结论死后CT血管造影技术在冠状动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄程度案件中可以作为传统尸体解剖的辅助手段。     

胆囊收缩素(CCK)在冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达

目的揭示胆囊收缩素(CCK)在冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达情况,以进一步探讨CCK在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中的作用。方法选用100例35～92岁男性尸检冠状动脉粥样硬化标本,分为粥样硬化Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组和Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组,同时设正常对照组,用免疫组化技术进行检测。结果对照组CCK呈阴性表达,而冠状动脉粥样硬化组呈阳性表达(P0.01),Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组与Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组之间CCK表达无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 CCK在冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的有表达,但不随粥样硬化斑块程度的变化而变化。     

去甲肾上腺素对实验性冠状动脉粥样硬化猝死影响的研究

本研究在高血压冠状动脉粥样硬化动物模型建立的基础上,研究了去甲肾上腺素(Nor-adrenaline,NA)对冠状动脉粥样硬化家兔猝死的影响。滴注 NA(600μg/kg)后,实验组动物发生猝死,死亡率为63%。其发生机理与冠状动脉粥样硬化及心肌缺血有关。初步建立了研究心脏性猝死的家兔肾性高血压动物模型。     

变质性心肌炎致死1例

1案例案情：黄某，男，22岁，冈盗窃被收审，在审讯中突然呼吸困难、全身抽搐，送医院后已死亡。尸检主要所见：双下肢有挫伤，颅、胸、腹腔未见有出血，胸腺重309，心脏大小正常，左右心耳处有较多的脂肪，各瓣膜未见异常，其中右心室三尖瓣处粘附一较大血块，并向肺动脉延伸，大小为6cmX！．scm，质较硬，切面呈红白相间，心肌切面未见异常，冠状动脉未见粥样硬化及栓塞，其余器官未见有出血及其他病变。显微镜下：心肌间质见有散在分布的脂肪组织，在窦房结、房室结及传导束也有脂肪浸润，部分心肌纤维化，心肌纤维里节段性或全部变性和…     

冠心病猝死冠脉斑块组成成分的病理形态学改变

目的探讨冠心病猝死(SCD)组和对照组冠脉粥样硬化斑块纤维帽厚度和脂质核心百分比的差异。方法随机挑选病例及心脏标本共64例,分为SCD组和对照组。在冠脉粥样硬化最严重的部位取材,制片,并行HE染色,显微镜观察冠脉的病理变化和斑块的组成,采用图像分析系统对冠脉斑块纤维帽厚度和脂质核心与整个斑块的百分比进行定量分析,所得数据用SPSS11.5统计软件进行数据分析。结果SCD组中,冠脉粥样硬化病变Ⅳ级21例,Ⅲ级15例,对照组中冠脉粥样硬化病变Ⅳ级12例,Ⅲ级16例,两组在病变的严重程度上未见显著性差异(P>0.05);两组冠脉粥样硬化斑块纤维帽的厚度和脂质核心百分比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论SCD组与对照组在冠脉粥样斑块的纤维帽厚度和脂质核心百分比大小等两方面均存在显著性差异;对SCD的病理诊断和法医学鉴定都具有重要意义。     

冠心病猝死冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块病理形态学观察

目的观察冠心病猝死(SCD)和对照组心冠状动脉(CA)粥样硬化斑块的差异,探讨其在SCD中的意义。方法从本教研室2001年~2003年尸检档案中挑选64例有严重CA粥样硬化病变的病例及心脏标本,分SCD组(36例)和对照组(28例冠心病非猝死者)。除常规检查心脏外,重点检查CA左主干(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、左旋支(LC)和右主支(RM)的开口、类型、走向及粥样硬化斑块情况。每支CA分近、中、远3段,检测每个斑块距开口的距离、狭窄程度、长度、数目和形状(分偏心、环形、偏心+环形三种)。用SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析。结果SCD组中CA粥样硬化病变4级21例,3级15例;对照组4级12例,3级16例。两组斑块病变的严重程度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。SCD组粥样斑块长(x-2.0365 cm)、以CA近段较多、与CA开口或分支处的距离近(x-0.7457 cm);对照组斑块短(x-1.4283 cm)、以中段多见,与CA开口或分叉处的距离远(x-2.1942 cm);两组斑块的长度和距开口的距离均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。两组间斑块的形状在LAD和RM有显著性差异(P<0.05),而LM和LC则无(P>0.05)。结论SCD与冠心病非猝死者的CA粥样硬化斑块在部位、长度、形状和距CA开口的距离存在差异,而狭窄程度无差异。这对SCD的病理诊断和法医学鉴定具有十分重要的意义。     

自发性心脏破裂死亡法医学分析3例

1案例资料 案例1 吴某,男,46岁,某年4月7日上午因纠纷与人推搡抱打后被旁人拉开后回家,2小时后感头晕不适出冷汗,送医院途中死亡。尸检见心包腔积满血液和凝血块,左心室侧壁有2处破裂口,心脏重400g,心室肌切面可见数处陈旧性梗死灶,冠状动脉左前降支、左旋支及右冠状动脉粥样硬化伴钙化,管腔狭窄达50%～75%。镜检见：心肌肥大,部分心肌细胞萎缩变性,纤维结缔组织增生,     

An autopsy case of sudden unexpected death due to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease associated with simple right ventricular outflow tract stenosis

A case of a 35-year-old male who died suddenly after a blow on the chest by his opponent during a quarrel. From both the clinical and autoptical examinations there was no evidence of trauma found anywhere, even in the chest. The heart was the only one of all the internal organs whereon significant pathologic changes were observed during autopsy. It's lesions were as follows: (I) The right ventricle was greatly enlarged simply due to the simple right ventricular outflow tract stenosis (SRVOTS); the heart weight was 587 g. (II) All the main trunks of coronary arteries were involved by atherosclerosis. In addition, the appearance of the lumen at the proximal end of the left anterior descending artery narrowed by an atheromatous plaque (grade II) was completely occluded by a newly formed thrombus. The authors believed that both the coronary atherosclerotic changes and the enlarged heart due to the SRVOTS played a role in the pathogenesis of death (Kelberlus, H.E. and Wellens, H.J.J., Sudden Death, Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol. 4, Martinys Nijhoff Publishers, London, 1980, pp. 34-48; Jinming, Qin, A study of cardiac sudden death (51 cases) on the clinical pathologic view, Tianjin Med., 8 (1980) 458-461). The quarrel and blow were the disposing factor.     

Sudden unexpected death due to atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysm

The case of a 34-year-old white male who died suddenly and unexpectedly of a thrombosed coronary artery aneurysm is presented. Coronary artery aneurysms have a prevalence of approximately 2%; over half of these are caused by atherosclerosis with the remainder due to syphilis, infections, trauma, congenital malformations, vasculitis, neoplasms, and connective tissue disorders (Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan's syndromes). Replacement of the media by atherosclerotic debris is the cause of atherosclerotic aneurysms. Complications include rupture and thrombosis. Sudden death has been reported in eight other cases of atherosclerotic aneurysms; sudden unexpected death as the presenting symptom of atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysm, as in our case, is rare.     

冠状动脉急性病变斑块内Toll样受体-4表达的研究

目的探讨Toll样受体4（TLR4）与冠状动脉粥样硬化（AS）斑块急性病变的关系。方法从本教研室2004～2007年尸检档案中挑选24例病例及其心脏标本。分为实验组（有冠脉急性病变的SCD者）、对照组Ⅰ（无冠脉急性病变的SCD者）和对照组Ⅱ（冠脉无严重AS的暴力死者）等3组，每组8例。用免疫组化SABC法和图像分析技术定量检测TLR4在各组冠状动脉AS斑块内表达的平均光密度值（OD），所得数据用SPSS14．0统计学软件进行分析处理并比较各组间的差异。结果实验组冠状动脉AS斑块中TLR4表达呈强阳性，对照组Ⅰ呈相对较弱的阳性表达，而对照组Ⅱ冠状动脉壁及轻度增厚的内膜处均未见阳性表达，其OD值（0．4662±0．0190）与两个对照组（分别为0．3361±0．0165，0．2463±0．0190）相比，对照组Ⅰ与对照组Ⅱ相比，其差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论冠状动脉AS斑块中TLR4的表达情况可视作为冠状动脉AS斑块发生急性病变的一个病理诊断指标，也是诊断冠心病猝死的重要依据之一。     

Multiple Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms: A Rare Cause of Sudden Cardiac Death

Multiple giant aneurysms involving the coronary arteries are uncommon and rarely reported. In the presented case, a 63‐year‐old man with poorly controlled hypertension died suddenly. Gross autopsy examination showed multiple giant thrombus‐filled coronary artery aneurysms, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and cardiomegaly. Histological sections of the coronary aneurysms showed atherosclerotic changes with both organized and fresh thrombus. Giant coronary aneurysm is defined as a segmental enlargement of a coronary artery with a diameter exceeding 20 mm or more. The main etiology of this nebulous entity is attributed to atherosclerosis and inflammatory or inherited connective tissue disorders with the remainder being congenital, infectious, or idiopathic. Before its cataclysmic presentation, when ruptured or thrombosed, giant coronary aneurysm usually has a silent clinical course. Sudden death owing to giant multiple coronary aneurysms is rare and mandates careful classification of the aneurysms and prudent search for autoimmune‐mediated or genetically based factors for subsequent ancillary autopsy studies.     

冠心病合并冠状动脉血栓猝死的法医病理学特征

目的探讨冠心病合并冠状动脉血栓形成导致猝死的法医学特征。方法收集96例因冠心病而猝死的案例,并将其分为血栓形成组与无血栓形成组,对发病时间、诱因、病理特征等方面进行分析。结果两组都以男性为主,在季节和时间节律分布、诱因构成上差异无统计学意义,但血栓形成组中年龄〈40岁发病率更高;血栓形成组的心脏质量和冠脉狭窄程度低于无血栓形成组,而两组冠脉粥样硬化累及的支数（≥2）、累及长度及合并心梗等指标差异均无统计学意义,但血栓形成组有低于无血栓形成组的趋势。结论两组人群都以男性为主且发病诱因、冠脉病变部位及致死机制相似,但血栓形成组的发病年龄较轻,心脏的病变程度较低,法医学解剖中当认真鉴别。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白1及其受体在冠心病猝死中的表达

目的：探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白1（monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1）及其受体CC类趋化蛋白受体2（CC chemokine receptor-2,CCR-2）在冠心病猝死（sudden coronary death,SCD）和非SCD冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的差异表达。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测MCP-1和CCR-2在SCD组、动脉粥样硬化组（冠状动脉粥样硬化但非SCD）、对照组（冠状动脉正常）的差异表达。结果 MCP-1在三组间的阳性细胞表达率分别是78%、47%、0%,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;CCR-2在三组间的阳性细胞表达率分别是72%、47%、0%,在SCD组和动脉粥样硬化组、SCD组与对照组表达差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而在对照组和动脉粥样硬化组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的MCP-1及其受体CCR-2的表达增加与SCD密切相关。     

Spontaneous dissection of the distal obtuse marginal coronary artery: a rare cause of sudden death

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. It typically, but not always, occurs in healthy postpartum women without traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. Moreover, the site of dissection usually involves the proximal, major coronary arteries: left main coronary artery and/or the left anterior descending artery, and in men, more often the right coronary artery. We report a case of sudden death caused by dissection of the obtuse marginal branch of the left circumflex artery, in a 49-year-old man, a very rare site of fatal coronary dissection.     

冠心病猝死193例尸检分析

本文对193例因冠心病而猝死的尸检材料进行以分析,并对冠状动脉粥样硬化好发部位,病理改变,心脏病理变化,以及冠心病猝死发生机理和诱因等进行讨论。     

Unexpected sudden death of a 12-year-old male with congenital single coronary artery

A rare autopsy case of a 12-year-old male with a single coronary artery is reported in which he suddenly and unexpectedly died after a brief period of physical and mental excitation. The single coronary artery originated from the left aortic sinus, then branched out the left circumflex artery and afterwards descended as the left anterior descending artery, while the right coronary artery originated almost at a right angle from the left anterior descending artery. The entire heart as well as the cardiac conduction system depended exclusively on the single coronary artery for oxygenated blood supply, and the unbalanced blood distribution on his exertion probably led to sudden cardiac death. Moreover, in this case, both the deceased's mother (at the age of 20 years) and grandmother on the mother's side died suddenly, thus suggesting a possibility of maternal transmission of this congenital anomaly in his family.