改革、完善我国律师刑事辩护制度若干问题的思考

针对目前刑事诉讼实践中存在的问题,提出改革、完善我国律师刑事辩护制度的基本理念和若干建议。     

Litigation Public Relations: The Lawyers' Duty to Balance News Coverage of Their Clients

As the 20th century began its final decade, litigation public relations was more rigorously condemned than condoned. By the end of the decade, the proliferation of the practice and the failure of the bar and bench to forbid it had made the criticism virtually moot. This article considers whether there is a basis for making the right to practice litigation public relations an obligation to do so. The article concludes that the right properly belongs to clients and not their attorneys, and finds a basis in contract and malpractice law for requiring attorneys to tend to their clients' interests in the court of public opinion as zealously as they do in courts of law.     

What Clients Know: Client perspectives and legal competence

This article does not have an abstract     

Promoting Stability for Youth Returning from Residential Care: Attorney Perspectives

Aftercare services have been suggested to improve reintegration for youth departing residential care programs. The purpose of this study was to collect views from legal professionals about the challenges youth and families face during reintegration and solutions to improve stability. Views were collected from 14 legal professionals (e.g., guardian ad litem, legal counsel) through a survey and 90‐minute nominal group technique focus group. Results indicated parent expectations about re‐entry and lack of services, supports and resources were challenges. Solutions suggested by participants included family, mental health and educational supports, and transition planning. Study limitations and future implications are discussed.     

Working to Avoid Collateral Emotional Harm to Clients: Cases and Recommendations for the Personal Injury Attorney

Attorneys working in the area of personal injury face complex cases in addition to many potential ethical and practice hazards. They are trained, educated, and have experience in handling and discharging their responsibilities in such cases to the best advantage of their clients, whether plaintiff or defense, while maintaining a professional integrity and appropriate ethical stance. Ideally, personal injury attorneys will practice from a position of virtue, serving their clients in their efforts to recover and regain their quality of life. Nevertheless, factors such as financial and work pressures can intervene, leading to inappropriate conduct that may harm their clients and risk professional alienation and malpractice. In the present article, seven case examples are provided that illustrate how personal injury attorneys working for plaintiffs can act in unethical and harmful ways, ultimately endangering their practice. The article is oriented to attorneys at all phases of their careers and includes recommendations for avoiding the types of harm and unethical practice that have been described. Also, the article presents strategies that psychologists treating these patients can take to remedy further emotional damage to patients.     

中国刑事辩护本体省思

一、引言1996年全国人民代表大会对我国《刑事诉讼法》进行了一系列重大修改,其中关于刑事辩护制度的修改是带有历史性的重大改革。与1979年《刑诉法》相比,修改后的《刑事诉讼法》将律师或者其他辩护人参加刑事诉讼的时间大为提前,明确规定了辩护人的数量、资格,扩大了法院指定辩护的范围,扩充了律师或者其他辩护人的诉讼权利,引入了庭审控辩对抗机制等,律师能够多阶段、多形式介入刑事诉讼活动。这一立法变动旨在通过对辩护制度的完善,提升人权保障的力度,使我国的刑事辩护制度得以沿着法治的轨道前行。笔者认为,仅仅从立法的角度看中国《…     

刑事辩护：本体属性 有效辩护 准入制度——兼论《刑事诉讼法》修改若干问题

从历史考察的视角,在固属自然权利之辩护权中,律师辩护权是一项能将被指控人的辩护权真正还原为一种现实权利的派生权利,所以,“刑事诉讼的历史就是扩大辩护权的历史”。囿于激进主义国家意识形态和等级模式司法官僚结构之背景,中国法对于刑事辩护功能定位缺失,辩护律师角色定位偏颇,辩护制度结构根本性缺陷,使得刑事辩护之时下境况犹如“冰雪行车人”①一般。当下中国正处在一个不可逆转的法律变革与转型时期,“有效辩护”概念的提出,使得《刑事诉讼法》之再修改,必须考虑构建辩护律师自由的会见制度、规范的讯问在场制度、独立的调查取证…     

The Criminology of Homicidal Ideation: Associations with Criminal Careers and Psychopathology among Federal Correctional Clients

Homicidal ideation is a clinical construct that is almost entirely absent from the criminological literature. The current study examines the criminology of homicidal ideation using archival data from a population of federal supervised release felons from the Midwestern United States. ANOVA, Poisson regression, negative binomial regression, and epidemiological tables indicated that 12 % of offenders experienced evidence of homicidal ideation and these offenders perpetrated more murders, attempted murders, kidnappings, armed robberies, and aggravated assaults, had more severe and extensive psychopathology, and were more likely to be chronic offenders. Homicidal ideation is an important construct that should be studied more not only for its association with murder, but as an omnibus risk factor for severe criminality.     

简论刑事辩护质量的控制

一国刑事辩护制度的发达与完善程度对于该国刑事司法公正状况的价值是不言而喻的，诸多国家刑事司法现代化过程的经验以及我国自文革浩劫结束后的三十年法治建设的进程均表明，刑事辩护制度是刑事司法公正得以实现的、不可或缺的一环，甚至不少人士更加尖锐地指出，刑事辩护制度是衡量一国刑事司法发展水平的一项基本指标，辩护制度的发达程度直接说明了一国刑事司法公正的实现程度。     

自我防卫与相互斗殴的刑事司法判定研究——以个案为线索的分析

如何准确认定防卫案件是长久以来司法实践中的一个疑难问题,1997年《刑法》虽对正当防卫制度作出较大修订,但并未根本改变正当防卫制度在司法实践中的适用困境,其原因在于修订着重解决了防卫行为是否过当的问题,但司法实践中的困境在于如何区分自我防卫与相互斗殴。当前司法实践中较为普遍的"起因是否有责"、"防卫是否不得已"的区分标准,虽具有极强的操作性,却过于简单与绝对,未能深入探求案情,甚至与立法精神有一定背离,使得自我防卫案件往往以相互斗殴结案,而这也与犯罪控制的诉讼模式、司法技术限制、文化上的复仇动机等因素有密切关联。     

我国刑事辩护制度的回顾与展望

修改后的《刑事诉讼法》在完善刑事辩护制度方面取得了重大进步,一些困扰刑事辩护的突出问题基本获得解决。值此之际,回顾过去,展望未来,一方面为立法上取得进步而欣慰;另一方面也应当清醒地认识到,完善后刑事辩护制度的切实贯彻实施还任重道远。     

Implications for Criminal Justice from the 2002 and 2006 Department of Defense Gender Relations and Sexual Harrasment Surveys

Sexual misconduct has emerged as a widespread problem throughout the criminal justice system as indicated by law enforcement officer sexual assault incidents in various cities and the findings of the recent National Prison Rape Elimination Act Research Commission. Through multivariate statistical analysis of data from two Department of Defense-wide surveys (2002 and 2006), this paper examines the indicators and cofounders of sexism, sexual harassment, and sexual assault with attention to change during the study period. Findings inform a suggested anticipatory model for prevention and intervention in military settings that, based on shared characteristics such as male dominance and authoritarian culture, provide an approximate reference context for criminal justice sexual misconduct best practices consideration.     

Summonsing Criminal Desistance: Convicted Felons’ Perspectives on Jury Service

This exploratory study is the first to examine how convicted felons view the jury process and their role in that process. Data derived from interviews with former and prospective felon‐jurors in Maine, the only US jurisdiction that does not restrict a convicted felon's opportunity to serve as a juror, reveal that participants displayed an idealized view of jury service, stressing a commitment to serve conscientiously. Additionally, inclusion in the jury process affirmed their transitions from “offenders” to “nonoffenders.” In response, participants exhibited a sense of particularized self‐worth, emphasizing that negative experiences with the criminal justice system make one a more effective juror. In sum, this study suggests that among convicted felons, inclusion in the jury process may prompt conformity with the “ideal juror” role, facilitate prosocial identity shifts by mitigating the “felon” label, and help former offenders to find personal value.     

和谐社会与刑事辩护研讨会会议综述

1月26日至27日，中华全国律师协会和法制日报在北京中苑宾馆联合举办“和谐社会与刑事辩护研讨会”，最高法院副院长张军、司法部副部长赵大程出席研讨会开幕式并做重要讲话。来自中国和加拿大的部分领导、学者和刑事辩护律师就新修订的《律师法》关于刑事辩护的新规定与《刑事诉讼法》的衔接，律师豁免权、保密义务及嫌疑人对案件的知情权，刑事诈骗与民事欺诈行为的界定，死刑复核程序与死刑辩护等话题展开研讨。现将会议研讨内容综述如下：     

Lawyers Seeking Clients, Clients Seeking Lawyers: Sources of Contingency Fee Cases And Their Implications for Case Handling

Where do the clients of contingency fee lawyers come from, and what are the implications of client sources for contingency fee practice? Those are the questions this paper considers, drawing upon multiple sources of data. The analysis shows that relatively few clients come to lawyers’ offices in response to advertising. Rather, it is the more traditional route of reputationally based referrals that bring in the vast majority of contingency fee clients. The importance of maintaining a reputation that will draw in future clients tends to curb the potential for abuses created by the inherent conflict of interest between lawyer and client that the contingency fee creates.     

网络游戏中虚拟物刑法保护的困境——以现有案例为视角

从现实中存在利用网络游戏而为的违法行为的事件和判例出发,探讨刑法在此类行为的适用上遇到的困境,指出刑法对网络游戏虚拟物的保护应控制在适度范围,刑事惩罚应慎入网络游戏领域.     

俄罗斯刑事证据可采性规则透视

2002年7月1日生效的《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》(以下简称新法典)取代了在俄罗斯实施长达四十年之久的《苏俄刑事诉讼法典》(以下简称苏俄法典),成为继1988年《意大利刑事诉讼法典》后又一刑事诉讼立法的重大变革,因而备受世人瞩目。随着俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法律观的转变,刑事证据制度也发生较大的变化,其中证据可采性规则已成为当前刑事诉讼中的焦点问题,在俄罗斯理论界和实务部门引起了广泛关注和激烈争论。一、刑事证据可采性规则之立法刑事诉讼证据的可采性问题及与之相关的非法证据排除规则的建立和发展方面,俄罗斯经历了一个从无到有的…     

新《刑事诉讼法》背景下强化律师刑事辩护权研究

修改后的《刑事诉讼法》围绕律师刑事辩护制度做出了重大修改,深度回应了以往律师参与刑事辩护的种种难题。但是,由于执法理念存在偏差、法律制度仍显笼统等原因,律师进行刑事辩护过程中,依然存在会见难、取证难、阅卷难以及律师意见不被重视等问题。应从转变理念开始,建立完善工作机制,切实保障修改后《刑事诉讼法》建立的辩护律师依法执业的系列制度得到不折不扣地落实,同时,应加强研究与协商,切实厘清律师调查取证、核实证据、阅卷过程中的争议问题。