THE POINT OF NO RETURN

With nearly 100 gardens and parklands, it is no wonder that Glasgow is known as the Dear Green Place, the perfect place to host the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties, or COP26. Delegates from some 200 countries are gathering in the British city to discuss ways to upgrade the global response to the world's increasingly profound climate crisis. UN Secretary General António Guterres expressed particular concern over slowing collective action ahead of the meeting. "We need to make sure we reverse the trends, not maintain them. It is now clear we are coming to a point of no return," he said.     

Race for Net Zero

'Environmental challenges are not figments of our imagination, but a key issue of mankind's future," Laurent Fabius, former French Prime Minister and one of the leaders who helped turn the 2015 Paris UN Climate Change Conference into a success via the Paris Agreement, said when pointing out what is at stake during a recent webinar. Acknowledging the urgent need for solid actions tackling climate change, the webinar high-lighted the importance of partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society and the significance of synergy between China, Europe and the United States. Known as the first dialogue of the China-Europe-America Net-Zero Transition Platform, it took place on December 20, two months after the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow of the United Kingdom, which adopted the Glasgow Climate Pact.     

Advancing a Conceptual and Empirical Model of School Climate for School Staff in California

ABSTRACT

School climate is increasingly intertwined with efforts to create safe schools and improve social-emotional learning and academic outcomes. While current definitions of school climate implicate the decisions and actions of school staff members, the majority of school climate research focuses on the perspectives of students. This study presents an adapted model of school climate that focuses on the experiences of school staff members, and is one of the first empirical studies to explore a statewide data set of responses from staff members in California public schools. Results suggest that there are meaningful differences in the experiences of school climate for different staff members and that these differences should guide the assessments of school climate and changes to policies and procedures that may influence climate.     

School Climate as a Predictor of Incivility and Bullying Among Public School Employees: A Multilevel Analysis

We surveyed public school educators on the workplace incivility and workplace bullying they experienced and obtained their ratings of the organizational climate of the school. We used multilevel modeling to determine the effects of individual-level and school-level predictors. Ratings of school climate were significantly related to incivility and bullying. We found inverse relationships— the better the organizational climate, the lower the incivility and bullying. Several demographic variables of educators and two school-level variables were not significant predictors. Leaders who focus on improving organizational climate may find that their efforts benefit both student achievement and relationships among educators.     

后哥本哈根时代气候治理的经济学思考

伴随着2009年的结束，哥本哈根气候大会也落下了帷幕。后哥本哈根时代如何治理全球气候依然是一个悬而未决的重大问题。各主权国家关于气候治理问题的激烈争论，与其说是各国间的政治博弈，倒不如说是经济博弈。因此，该文认为，在后哥本哈根时代，全球气候治理只有寄望于制度建设及其约束。     

China's Climate Change Expert Community—principles,mechanisms and influence

Since China joined the international climate negotiations, the role of systematic research and expert advice has grown steadily. A small but highly specialized expert community of semi-official research institutes and university-based research units has formed around Chinese policy-making institutions. The findings of this article indicate that these climate experts have become important actors in Chinese climate policy. Political leaders frequently consult members of this expert community and draw on their substantive conclusions. In some cases, experts have been able to influence policy action by raising awareness of climate vulnerability and contributing to the definition of national emission targets. However, experts seeking to alter the general framework of ‘common but different responsibilities’ have had limited impact.     

COP26 and China's Climate Action

Our fragile planet is on the brink of a climate catastrophe. It's time to go into emergency mode and mobilize concrete action with solidarity to safeguard our collective future. Fiction to fact The evidence for humanity's influence on the climate system, once a scientific hypothesis, has become the established truth. The past six years since the Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted have been the hottest years on record. To pinpoint a time when the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changed this much this fast, one would have to turn back the clock 66 million years, the end of the dinosaur age.     

全球气候变化背景下辽宁沿海区域创新体系的制度建设

该文认为,在全球气候变化的背景之下,改变经济发展模式,改革创新体系是辽宁沿海区域社会经济持续发展的必由之路。该文以分析创新与制度的关系为基点,在分析辽宁沿海区域创新体系现状的基础上,提出其不足之处,并以在全球气候变化背景下创新体系对个体化制度和社会化制度的新需求为指导,对辽宁沿海区域创新体系的制度建设提出相关建议。     

气候政治博弈背景下的中国战略选择

上个世纪90年代以来,气候问题日渐被世人关注并演化成为一个全球政治议题。20年的气候谈判展现出气候政治博弈的复杂局面,利益主体的分化和博弈主题的扩展造成了气候政治合作这一全球性难题。在这样的背景下,我国应对全球气候政治博弈的战略选择可以从如下思路着手:一是掌握主动,坚持低碳发展;二是积极应对,争取话语优势;三是广泛参与,改造游戏规则。     

Measuring Sexual Violence on Campus: Climate Surveys and Vulnerable Groups

ABSTRACT

Since the 2014 Not Alone report on campus sexual assault, the use of climate surveys to measure sexual violence on campuses across the United States has increased considerably. The current study utilizes a quasi meta-analysis approach to examine the utility of general campus climate surveys, which include a measure of sexual violence, in comparison to sexual assault specific climate surveys, in measuring student sexual assault experiences. Past research has highlighted the need to not only understand campus sexual assault prevalence rates for the general student population, but also the specific risk posed to more vulnerable populations such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning/queer community (LGBQ) and Native American students. Results indicate that general campus climate surveys may be underestimating both the sexual victimization of the general student body as well as that of LGBQ and Native American students. Research and policy recommendations that focus on improved measurement of campus sexual assault experiences are discussed.     

Writing between the Lines: Examining Unprompted Handwritten Student Comments on a Campus Climate Survey

ABSTRACT

This study used data from an in-person paper-and-pencil climate survey administered to students in a random sample of classes at a four-year southeastern university. Respondents (N = 248) left unsolicited qualitative comments on the survey (N = 540). Grounded theory was used to determine if themes existed among them. Questions on school safety, rape myths, and resource knowledge prompted the most unsolicited comments (n = 111). Comments centered on clarification or opinions. Given the survey was adapted from a prior climate survey, unsolicited comments highlight areas of clarification and improvement for future iterations of climate surveys. Implications for campus safety are discussed.     

贸易、气候变化和政府管理创新

贸易对气候变化影响积极与否取决于贸易的规模效应、结构效应和技术效应的大小。贸易和气候变化的关系以及国际上的环境紧约束,需要政府进行制度和管理上的创新:在国际气候谈判时要考虑贸易的气候影响;应积极实施环境成本内化措施;应提高工业部门能源效率,改善出口商品结构。     

Chapter 11: Social Climate Correlates of Effectiveness in Alliance for the Mentally Ill Groups

SUMMARY

To examine how various social climate characteristics predict group effectiveness (i.e., overall strength, and benefits and satisfaction members experience) in Alliance for the Mentally Ill (AMI) mutual help groups, information on the group climate and effectiveness of all 22 AMI affiliates in Indiana was gathered using two independent procedures: (1) rank-and-file members from each affiliate (N = 221) provided demographic information and completed Maton's (1988) 43-item measure of social climate (including perceived benefits and satisfaction), and (2) affiliate leaders supplied information on the human and material resources available to their groups plus an overall assessment of the group's current strength. From both member and leader perspectives, social climate experiences of members were strong predictors of AMI group effectiveness, while material resources and member demographics were not. Support Received, Leadership, and Order/organization were especially important, while extramural contact among members was consistently unrelated to group effectiveness. Efforts to initiate and/or increase the effectiveness of AMI groups should focus on the leadership, internal structure, support activities, and role opportunities provided to members.     

The impact of leadership involvement in enhancing high school climate and reducing bullying: An exploratory study

Bullying in secondary schools is a serious concern for educators and parents. The relationship between bullying and school climate has been identified and strategies to improve school climate are available. The importance of leadership in shaping school climate has been well documented. This exploratory study explores the role of leadership in implementing an approach to school climate change (positive behavior intervention and supports) in comprehensive Southwestern high schools participating in a federal school safety grant. Leadership involvement in the change process appears to be a key component leading to student-reported behavior change. Our findings suggest that although changes in school climate should lead to changes in bullying behaviors, the opposite is the case. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.     

“管理极端气候事件和灾害风险特别报告”对我国的启示

政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)最新发布的"管理极端气候事件和灾害风险促进气候变化适应特别报告决策者摘要(SREX)"从"极端气候事件+脆弱性+暴露程度"的角度剖析了灾害风险的根源,综合考虑了气候、环境、社会经济条件等因素,提出了管理灾害风险和适应气候变化的各种政策选项,对于我国把风险管理纳入应对气候变化行动的整体框架提供了重要的科学依据。本文基于特别报告的主要结论,结合我国防灾减灾工作的实际情况,提出加快社会经济发展、实现社会系统重构、发挥政策协同效应是今后防灾减灾工作的重要着力点。     

The Leaders Summit on Climate:A Munich Moment or Global Action at Long Last?

ON April 22 and 23,the Biden administration invited 40 world leaders to a virtual climate summit with the hope that other countries would follow the American example of an-nouncing new and expanded commitments to achiev-ing net global carbon neutrality by 2050.But while all of the right elements seemed to be aligned,including planning the opening day of the virtual conference to coincide with the Earth Day,the results of the summit were mixed.However,history is likely to be a fierce judge of the Leaders Summit on Climate.Either the summit will have been another Munich moment of failure and false hope or it will have been a bridge to meaningful climate action at the next UN climate change conference in November.China has the oppor-tunity to greatly influence that verdict.     

Authoritative school climate and suspension rates in middle schools: Implications for reducing the racial disparity in school discipline

The overuse of school suspensions has been linked to a host of negative outcomes, including racial disparities in discipline. School climate initiatives have shown promise in reducing these disparities. The present study used the Authoritative School Climate Survey—which measures disciplinary structure and student support as key measures of school climate—to investigate an association between teacher and student perceptions of school climate and suspension rates in a statewide sample of middle schools. Regression analyses controlling for school-level poverty and school size found that elements of authoritative climate, particularly structure, distinguish high- and low-suspending schools. Schools with high levels of student- and teacher-reported structure had lower overall suspension rates and a lower gap between Black and White suspension rates. These findings can be used to guide school climate initiatives to reduce racial disparities in school discipline.     

政府部门知识共享行为的实证研究

本文从政府部门的信息技术水平,政府部门个体的知识共享动机,以及政府知识共享的组织氛围等维度构建政府部门知识共享行为的理论模型。论文采用大样本问卷调查的方法在政府部门公务人员中开展实证研究,对模型的适用性进行检验。研究结果表明,政府部门的外部奖励对个体知识共享意愿之间没有相关关系,知识共享意愿与知识共享的组织氛围对于知识共享行为的影响作用非常大。研究结论可为政府部门提高公务员的知识共享行为提供有益借鉴。     

Sino–Indian Climate Cooperation: implications for the international climate change regime

The international climate change regime is comprised of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. Under the regime, China and India, two of the largest developing countries, have been exempted from any binding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets that apply to developed countries. However, with their GHG emissions increasing, China and India have faced growing international pressure to undertake binding mitigation obligations in international climate change negotiations. To enhance their bargaining power in the negotiations, China and India have been cooperating with each other, which has not only led to a new approach to addressing climate change but also defended the ethical benchmark of the regime. In addition, their cooperation has weakened the EU's traditional leadership status and the leadership ambitions of the US such that China and India will now play a more important role in shaping the future of the regime.     

Chinese Knowledge on Climate Change Counts

In his video address during the 2022 World Economic Forum (WEF) virtual session on January 17, Chinese President Xi Jinping once again emphasized the importance of strengthening international cooperation to combat climate change. In recent years, China has continually demonstrated a strong sense of responsibility.