The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Activities in 2005

This paper gives an overview of the activities of the InternationalTribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2005, regarding the fifteenthMeeting of States Parties and the organizational developments,jurisdiction and judicial activities of the Tribunal.     

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in 2006: New Developments in International Humanitarian and Criminal Law

The year 2006 proved to be another productive year for the InternationalCriminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsiblefor Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committedin the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. This articleexamines the eight judgements rendered by the Tribunal in 2006and highlights the principal developments in international humanitarianand criminal law at the Tribunal.     

The International Crimes Tribunal in Bangladesh and International Law

The International Crimes Tribunal in Bangladesh was re-established in 2010 in order to hold the perpetrators of the 1971 War accountable for international crimes; namely, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. The Trial has already begum to operate and has been dealing with various challenges. The basis of the trial proceedings is the International Crimes (Tribunal) Act 1973. The Parliament of Bangladesh enacted the Act in accordance with international law shortly after the War. This paper assesses the key legal issues that arise from the context of the 1973 Act, and will provide a reflection on trial proceedings in light of international law. It concludes that any initiatives to address the impunity of perpetrators and offer redress to the victims of gross human rights violations should be applauded, while any trial proceedings that do not follow appropriate standards for a fair trial and offer the right of due process should be deprecated.     

The New SADC Tribunal: Or the Emasculation of an International Tribunal

Netherlands International Law Review - In 2010 the leaders of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) took the contentious decision to suspend its Tribunal, established in 2000, following...     

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Judgements in 2005

The year of 2005 was a productive one for the InternationalCriminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), which rendereda total of ten judgements. The present article, concentratingon the key facts of the case and on novel development in internationalcriminal and humanitarian law, reviews—in chronologicalorder—the judgements of the ICTY Trial Chambers and ofthe Appeals Chamber.     

文化相对主义视角下的卢旺达国际刑事法庭

文化相对主义对战争罪行的追诉和国际刑事法院的创立有不可忽视的作用,能充分考虑文化差异的国际刑事法院更有利于正义的伸张.文化能影响证人证言的采纳、种族灭绝等国际罪行的界定和正确的量刑,因此建立只对国内法院无法或不愿意管辖的国际罪行行使管辖权的国际刑事法院才是最好的选择.     

Making the Law of the Sea: A Study in the Development of International Law

Netherlands International Law Review -     

消失的国家:海平面上升对国际法的挑战及应对

气候变化和海平面上升给国际社会特别是低洼沿海国家带来严重威胁,也对国际法带来重大挑战。低洼、偏远的(发展中)小岛屿国家可能将逐步被淹没,引发包括海洋边界、国家主体地位、新的无国籍状态、跨境气候难民人权保护等诸多复杂法律问题。海平面上升可能从根本上改变海岸线,给岛屿、基线和全球海洋边界带来不确定性,增加国家间海洋权益争端。《联合国海洋法公约》尚未澄清导致领海基线后退的海平面上升是否会影响沿海国管辖海域的外部边界。海洋法、国际环境法、国际人权法等尚未能为国家应对该危机提供规则支持。《维也纳条约法公约》第62条不支持将海平面上升作为国家可单方面终止边界条约的情势变更。永久固定或冻结基线将促进海域边界的稳定并有利于海洋划界。一个领土"物理"丧失或不适宜居住的国家应能继续保持其"国家"地位,但其生存与海域管辖权行使将面临难题。     

从国际法角度看中日东海划界争端——兼论日本主张的无理性

海洋划界需要有关国家通过协议实现公平解决,一国单方面确定国际海洋边界并将之强加于对方的行为是国际法所不许可的。就中日东海划界而言,由于冲绳海槽中断了两国领土在这一区域的自然延伸,因此公平的大陆架划界结果应当是一条位于冲绳海槽轴线和日本200海里界限线之间的等距离线。而专属经济区界线则应当是一条调整的海岸中间线,但有关基点必须由双方协商确定,同时做有利于中国的调整以反映出两国海岸线长度间的重大差别。因此,日本在东海单方面划定的中间线是毫无国际法根据的。由于划界最终极有可能产生两条不同的海床和上覆水域界线,因此两国还需就有关重叠部分的管辖权分配问题做出安排。