司法审查:尊重和保障人权的基准程序

"国家尊重和保障人权"于2004年在我国成为宪法原则,并将在立法、执法和司法各个领域推动和发展人权事业.尊重和保障人权的核心内涵是尊重人的人格尊严,保障任何人受到人的待遇.保障人权的主要义务主体实质上是政府,因此,要求国家不仅通过立法、行政活动推动人权的进步和发展,而且要求立法、行政活动在保障人权的程序规则下运行.由于社会生活中不断发生权力与权利、权利与权利的冲突,又由于在权力与权利冲突中受害的总是权利享有者一方,因此需要在权利受侵害时予以救济,即所谓没有救济就没有权利.公正、民主、科学的程序就是处理权利与权力冲突的不可或缺的救济措施.倘若立法者制定违反宪法、侵犯基本人权的法律,行政主体违法行政侵犯公民的合法权益,刑事检控机关非法剥夺受刑事追究者的人身自由,公民将如何面对强大的国家权力的侵害或可能的侵害?     

建立我国刑事侦查阶段的司法审查制度——源于人权保障的思考

在刑事侦查阶段中,国家安全价值的实现与公民个人自由价值权利的冲突时有发生,侦查机关为了查明案件事实、查获犯罪嫌疑人往往需要使用强制性措施,这直接关系到惩罚犯罪与保障人权目的的实现。我们必须通过建立我国刑事侦查阶段的司法审查制度来实现保障人权的价值目标。     

强制采样的法律规制初探

强制采样作为一种特殊侦查行为,在控制犯罪与保障人权之间存在着紧张冲突关系。大陆法系、英美法系的相关国家都以法律形式对其予以规制。本文认为结合我国强制采样的现状,有必要借鉴西方法治国家的先进立法经验,明确我国的强制采样的基本原则、适用范围、法律程序等制度,使强制采样与保障人权达至平衡。     

保护与制约:渎检侦查权与人权的能动博弈

我国新刑事诉讼法修正案以保障人权为其立法初衷,基于对自由价值的关怀,对许多原有侦查权所涉条文进行了颠覆性变革,但是,如果缺乏配套的政策跟进,人权保障和侦查权实施在某些场域很可能会超出立法者本意,陷入此消彼长的窘境。最典型的就是渎检侦查权和保障人权的博弈。本文试从渎检侦查权和保障人权冲突的具体表现、矛盾的成因及未来的解决途径三部分来论述,希望可以有助于渎检侦查权和保障人权走出此消彼长的困局,走上平衡发展之路。     

论我国刑事诉讼中非法证据排除规则

刑事诉讼中非法证据排除规则的主要价值是解决程序正义与实体正义之间的冲突问题,通过对侦察机关的取证行为进行限制,以达到在控制犯罪的同时,最大限度地保障人权的目的.     

论期待可能性在我国司法实践中的适用

我国现今正处于经济发展的快速时期,在努力构建和谐社会的进程中,在抵御全球金融危机的情况下,法律规范与社会现实之间出现了摩擦与不协调。由于当前经济环境的特殊性,当发生个人利益与他人、社会利益相冲突的情况下,法律不能过分地期待行为人牺牲自己较大的利益而遵守法律。因为这种期待与人情、人性相悖,不仅达不到刑法预期的效果,反而会令人们对刑法的精神产生怀疑,最终会损害我国法治社会的建设以及和谐社会的构建。期待可能性能在保护社会与保障人权的价值取向中取得平衡,防止国家刑罚权的滥用,对人类普遍脆弱的人性给予了尊重和同情,协调人情与法律之间紧张的关系。     

作品原件所有权与作品著作权相冲突之法律思考

作品原件所有权与作品著作权之间的法律冲突,是以作品原件为焦点,以争夺对作品的实际控制为内涵的权利冲突.在进行充分的利益衡量的前提下,谋求权利间的相互限制与让步,不仅是解决这类权利冲突的基本原则,而且是协调现代法治社会中众多法律冲突的应有之义.     

论非法证据排除规则及其在我国的构建

非法证据排除涉及到控制犯罪与保障人权并重,司法实体真实与程序正当的价值趋向、国家权力与公民权利冲突的权衡.本文拟对非法证据排除规则的涵义、现状及其构想做简要的论述和探讨.     

非法证据排除规则研究

非法证据排除规则是刑事证据领域最有争议的证据规则之一。因为它集中体现了刑事诉讼惩罚犯罪和保障人权这两大价值目标之间的冲突与协调①。本文主要论述了非法证据的相关概念界定以及在司法领域的价值。     

媒体对司法的监督

大众传媒是当今社会公众了解公共信息并表达意见的主要渠道。媒体的监督具有促进司法独立、司法公开和司法公正的价值,但媒体与司法之间同时存在着冲突。冲突的解决应当从各国的实际情况出发,找到两者之间的平衡,以达到保障人权和司法公正的实现。从我国的司法现状看,更应强调对媒体作为公众舆论渠道的保护。     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

International aid,trade and investment and access and allocation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - The access to goods and their allocation (who gets what, when, where and how) is one of the analytical problems of the 2009...     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Accommodation and Satisfaction: Women and Men Lawyers and the Balance of Work and Family

This study of graduates of the University of Michigan Law School from the late 1970s reports on the differing ways that women and men have responded to the conflicting claims of work and family. It finds that women with children who have entered the profession have indeed continued to bear the principal responsibilities for the care of children, but it also finds that these women, with all their burdens, are more satisfied with their careers and with the balance of their family and professional lives than other women and than men.     

油气储运防火安全分析及预防措施

本文主要从设备故障与维护、防静电、动火作业、执行操作规程等几个方面引起的爆炸和火灾进行分析,制定对应的防护措施。提出了以做好设备维护保养、防静电处理、做好防火设计及安全装置、落实动火作业措施及强化安全培训等方面进行综合防控,消除油气储运过程中引起的爆炸和火灾,以实现安全生产。     

Truth and Justice, Inquiry and Advocacy, Science and Law

Abstract. There is tension between the adversarialism of the U.S. legal culture and the investigative procedures of the sciences, and between the law's concern for finality and the open‐ended fallibilism of science. A long history of attempts to domesticate scientific testimony by legal rules of admissibility has left federal judges with broad screening responsibilities; recent adaptations of adversarialism in the form of court‐appointed experts have been criticized as “inquisitorial,” even “undemocratic.” In exploring their benefits and disadvantages, it would make sense to look to the experience of other legal systems.