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1.
Catherine Kaukinen Angela R. Gover Jennifer L. Hartman 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2012,37(2):146-162
Using a sample of female college students involved in a current dating relationship, we investigate the nature of violence
in these intimate relationships to better understand the concept of violence mutuality. To do so we explore womens’ experiences
with violence as both perpetrators and victims and examine the prevalence, chronicity, and severity of violence experienced
by young women. We also examine whether there are differences in experiences of violence for women in casual versus exclusive
dating relationships. Our findings suggest that when violence is present in a dating relationship it is likely to occur within
a mutually violent relationship where women are both victims and perpetrators of violence. More importantly, within these
mutually violent relationships, women reported being more likely to perpetrate violence at higher rates than they experience
as victims. We find no notable differences in experiences with violence among those in casual versus exclusive relationships.
The methodological limitations and policy implications of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
2.
We used the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (M. A. Straus, S. L. Hamby, D. Finkelhor, D. W. Moore, & D. Runyan, 1998) to assess retrospectively women’s childhood experiences of both mother and father physical abuse and psychological aggression, and assessed mother and father alcohol problems based on criteria derived from the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (N. C. Andreasen, J. Endicott, R. L. Spitzer, & G. Winokur, 1977). Data were collected from 447 women (age 18 or higher) from seven domestic violence programs and five substance use disorder treatment programs in a midwestern state. Using OLS regression with backward elimination (p < .10 as criterion for removal from the equation) we found that higher levels of mother physical abuse, father psychological aggression, and presence of mother alcohol problems predicted higher scores on the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Trauma Symptom Checklist. Higher levels of mother physical abuse and father psychological aggression predicted higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
相似文献
William R. DownsEmail: |
3.
Lieven J. R. Pauwels Robert Svensson 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2011,17(3):163-177
The present study explores the strength of the relationship between offending and victimization among young adolescents. We
focus especially on the role background characteristics such as gender, immigrant background and family structure and causal
mechanisms such as risky lifestyles and low self-control as many scholars have argued that the correlation between offending
and victimization may be caused by common characteristics of offenders and victims. The article build upon two large-scale
self-reported delinquency studies in Sint-Niklaas (Belgium) and Halmstad (Sweden). The correlation between offending and victimization
is strong, even when controlling for demographics, lifestyles and low self-control. However, the lifestyle and low self-control
model predicts offending better than victimization and the independent effect of offending on victimization is larger than
the independent effect of victimization of offending. The same pattern is found in both samples, suggesting the stability
of findings. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Does Authoritarianism Breed Corruption? Reconsidering the Relationship Between Authoritarian Governance and Corrupt Exchanges in Bureaucracies 下载免费PDF全文
Marina Zaloznaya 《Law & social inquiry》2015,40(2):345-376
This article advocates for ethnographic and historical study of the political roots of corruption. Focusing on informal economies of Belarusian universities, it reexamines two theoretical propositions about corruption in autocracies. The first proposition is that authoritarianism breeds bureaucratic corruption; the second is that autocrats grant disloyal subjects corruption opportunities in exchange for political compliance. Using qualitative data, the author finds that autocracies can generate favorable as well as unfavorable preconditions for bureaucratic corruption. The author argues that lenient autocratic governance, characterized by organizational decoupling, creates favorable conditions for bureaucratic corruption. In contrast, consolidated autocracy, defined by rigid organizational controls, is unfavorable to such corruption. The author also concludes that in autocracies, disloyal populations may be cut off from rather than granted opportunities for bureaucratic corruption. These findings suggest that the relationship between autocratic governance and corruption is more complex than current studies are able to reveal due to their methodological limitations. 相似文献
5.
The goal of this study is to evaluate a theoretical model of the link between attachment andcouple violence. The hypotheses
state that experience and expression of anger towards the partner would mediate and moderate the association between an insecure
attachment and couple psychologicaland physical violence. A sample of 316 couples representative of the French-speaking population
ofQuebec filled out the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire, a couple version of the State-Trait Anger Inventory,
and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. The mediator model revealed that experience and expression of anger in couples (state
anger, trait anger, and anger-out) explained the association between an insecure attachment and intimate violence. The moderator
model showed that significant interactions between male anxiety over abandonment and anger indicated that anger in couples
(trait anger and anger control) moderates the strength and the direction of the association between attachment and intimate
physical violence. Different outcomes were obtained when gender and type of violence were considered. 相似文献
6.
Stephanie C. Kennedy Stephen J. Tripodi Carrie Pettus-Davis Jaime Ayers 《Women & Criminal Justice》2013,23(2):77-98
The current study uses the dose–response model to examine the relationships between childhood victimization events and subsequent depression, symptoms of psychosis, and substance misuse in a sample of 230 randomly selected incarcerated women in the United States. Results on the frequency of victimization were mixed. In this sample, both frequency of physical abuse and frequency of sexual abuse significantly predicted current symptoms of psychosis, but only frequency of physical abuse significantly predicted substance misuse. Incarcerated women who experienced multivictimization were 5.7 times as likely to report depression, 4.2 times as likely to report current symptoms of psychosis, and 3.8 times as likely to meet criteria for a substance use disorder. Results indicate that adjusting prison-based interventions to address multivictimization may improve outcomes and reduce recidivism among this population. 相似文献
7.
8.
This paper focuses on shifts in the age distribution of homicide offending in the United States. This distribution remained
remarkably stable with small but significant changes over a long period of time. Then between 1985 and 1990 the rates of homicide
offending doubled for 15-to-19 year olds and increased nearly 40% for 20-to-24 year olds, while the homicide offending rates
decreased for those over 30. In addition to this “epidemic of youth homicide,” which lasted through the mid-1990s, there have
been systematic changes in the age distribution of homicide in the United States associated with cohort replacement over the
past 40 years. We introduce an estimable function approach for estimating the effects of age, period, and cohort. The method
allows us to assess simultaneously the impacts of periods and cohorts on the age distribution of homicide offending. We find
that although the age curve remains relatively stable, there are shifts in it associated systematically with cohort replacement.
Cohort replacement accounts for nearly half of the upturn in youth homicides during the epidemic of youth homicides, but a
significant fraction of that upturn is not associated with cohort replacement.
相似文献
Robert M. O’BrienEmail: |
9.
Although research has found that gang suppression efforts are largely ineffective, these policies have been responsible for the arrests of many gang youth. Prior research indicates that arrest is associated with deleterious consequences, but we know less about how arrest uniquely affects gang members. Using longitudinal data from a school-based sample, this study explores the effects of arrest for both gang and nongang youth. Propensity score matching and matched outcome analyses allow us to determine whether gang membership moderates the effect of arrest on later deviant outcomes. Our results indicate that the consequences of arrest are inconsistent with the goals of suppression tactics, with gang members reporting little to no change in deviant attitudes and peers and modest increases in delinquency. Meanwhile, nongang youth experience a range of consequences associated with arrest, including increased odds of gang-joining. 相似文献
10.
The role of emotion in the relationship between traumatic experiences and physical pain was examined via path modeling by using a sample of hospital outpatients (N = 138). Most of the participants reported being traumatized (77%) and experiencing chronic pain (69%). Trauma survivors and nontraumatized individuals did not differ significantly on mean symptom scale scores (i.e., depression, anxiety, anger, dissociation, somatization and pain). However, a moderate effect size was found for dissociation. There were also significant associations found between trauma levels and levels of adult symptomatology. Interestingly, sexual abuse was less highly correlated with symptomatology than other types of traumatization, such as neglect. None of the three proposed path models describing the relationship between trauma, pain, and emotion fit the data successfully. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Richard B. Felson Jukka Savolainen Mark T. Berg Noora Ellonen 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2013,29(2):273-293
Objectives
Using data from a nationally representative survey of adolescents in Finland this research examined the influence of spending time in public settings on the risk of physical assault and robbery victimization.Methods
Binary and multinomial regression models were estimated to disaggregate associations between hours spent in public settings and characteristics of the victimization incident. The amount of causality/spuriousness in the association was examined using a method of situational decomposition.Results
Our findings indicate that: (1) an active night life (any time after 6 pm) has a strong effect on victimization for boys, whereas much of the association between night life and victimization is spurious for girls; (2) after-school activity is not a risk factor; (3) adolescents who frequent public places at night increase their risk of victimization by people they know as well as strangers; and (4) much of the risk of night time activity in public settings is alcohol-related.Conclusions
Our research suggests that a good deal of the risk associated with spending time in public settings is a function of the victim’s own risky behavior rather than inadvertent physical contact with motivated offenders in the absence of capable guardians. In addition, this lifestyle is significantly more victimogenic for males. 相似文献12.
This study explored contextual influences in determining whether psychologically aggressive actions constitute abuse. One
hundred and thirty-one undergraduates completed measures of key experiences, attitudes, and traits, and rated abusiveness
of behaviors in a series of vignettes. Vignettes varied contexts in which behaviors occurred, including whether the behavior
was a pattern, whether there was harm to the recipient, characteristics of the initiator-recipient relationship, and whether
behavior was normative. Results showed no effects for participants’ gender, past experiences with psychological aggression,
and traits or attitudes. Findings indicated that behaviors were rated as more abusive when harm to the recipient was evident.
Findings regarding patterns of behavior, relationship, and normative contexts were less consistent. Implications for measurement
of psychological abuse are discussed. 相似文献
13.
This study examines the reciprocal relationship between violent crime and residential stability in neighborhoods. We test
whether the form of stability matters by comparing two different measures of stability: a traditional index of residential
stability and a novel approach focusing specifically on the stability of homeowners. We also examine whether the racial/ethnic
composition of the neighborhood in which this stability occurs affects the instability—violent crime relationship. To test
the simultaneous relationship between residential mobility and crime we estimate a dual multivariate latent curve model of
the change in the violent crime rate and the change in the rate of home sales while controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic
and demographic characteristics using data from Los Angeles between 1992 and 1997. Results indicate that the initial level
of violent crime increases the trajectory of residential instability in subsequent years, whether the instability is measured
as homeowner turnover specifically, or based on an index of all residents. However, the effect of instability on violent crime
is only apparent when measuring instability based on an index of general residential turnover and not when including the presence
of owners in this measure, or when measuring it based on homeowner turnover. We consistently find that stable highly Latino
communities exhibit a protective effect against violence. 相似文献
14.
Does Level of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Predict the Content of Family Mediation Agreements? 下载免费PDF全文
This study investigated whether reported levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or abuse (IPV/A) victimization are related to reaching agreement and to the content of mediation agreements of parties seeking to resolve family‐ and child‐related issues. Whether or not parties reached agreement was analyzed for 105 cases at a law school mediation clinic. Agreement content was coded for the 71 cases that reached agreement. Levels of IPV and IPV/A were determined separately for males and females, using a standardized measure. Regression models were utilized to examine reports of IPV or IPV/A as predictors. Results indicated that mediation may help families with a reported history of IPV and IPV/A address a variety of concerns; levels of partner violence/abuse predicted numerous issues in mediation agreements, including arrangements regarding legal custody, parenting time, holidays, child exchanges, interparental communication, safety restrictions, counseling referrals, child support, financial arrangements, and other miscellaneous topics (e.g., relocation). However, some findings were consistent with concerns raised about the use of mediation with parties reporting IPV and IPV/A; for example, increasing levels of male‐perpetrated IPV/A predicted increased likelihood of making an agreement to share legal custody. Further research is needed to resolve the longstanding debate of whether divorce mediation is an effective and safe process for parties demonstrating IPV/A.
- Key Points for the Family Court Community
- This study adds to the debate of whether divorce mediation is an effective and safe process for parties demonstrating IPV/A.
- It examines whether reported levels of IPV and IPV/A victimization are related to reaching agreement and to the content of mediation agreements of parties seeking to resolve family‐ and child‐related issues.
- Results provide some evidence that mediation may help families with a reported history of IPV and IPV/A address a variety of concerns.
- However, some findings are consistent with concerns raised about the use of mediation with parties reporting IPV and IPV/A.
- Findings have implications for the practice of family mediation with parties reporting a history of IPV or IPV/A.
15.
Erika Uotila Saija Sambou 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(2):189-207
In Finland the first experimental mediation projects founded on the principles and ideals of restorative justice were started in the beginning of the 1980s. Before the Act on Mediation in Criminal and Certain Civil Cases (1015/2005) came into force in 2006, mediation services were provided by cities, municipalities, and non-governmental organizations. Victim–offender mediation (VOM) practices varied, and there was minimal guidance and supervision by state authorities. The Act (1015/2005) aimed to standardize mediation services and practices and enable evaluation of VOM in order to provide solutions to some of the issues raised regarding mediation in intimate relationship violence (IRV). The Act states that only police or prosecutors may initiate the process for referring a case that involves intimate relationship violence. Furthermore, mediators/facilitators who handle IRV cases are required to attain further training. This article examines the ideals, attitudes, and practices of VOM in relation to intimate relationship violence in Finland. The aims and ideals stipulated in the Act on Mediation are presented and later compared to actual practices of VOM which were obtained through the review of documented agreements. These were the end-results of VOM in cases of intimate relationship violence. The empirical data also included a questionnaire sent to mediators in three offices as well as a national questionnaire sent to prosecutors. 相似文献
16.
As one way of examining the role of personality in reactions to domestic violence, this study investigated the relationship between dispositional aggression and attitudes toward domestic violence in one sample of African American young adults. Dispositional aggression was assessed using the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). The AQ purports to measure four distinctive components of the construct. The physical aggression component was expected to correlate the most positively with expressed beliefs about wife battering. Results revealed that individuals who reported high levels of physical aggression were more positive about wife beating and were less punitive in their judgments of batterers. In addition, analysis of scores on the AQ and the Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Beating (IBWB) also demonstrated important gender differences on both scales. Implications of these findings for victims of domestic violence and their sympathizers are discussed.
相似文献
K. M. Craig-HendersonEmail: |
17.
Sexual assault is a traumatizing event linked to numerous mental health consequences. Although extant research has thoroughly examined the collateral consequences experienced by females, limited literature exists regarding how sexual violence comparatively affects males and females. Using data from the National Violence Against Women Survey (1995–1996) and a strain theoretical framework, the current study addresses this research gap to understand the effects of sexual assault and sex on depression. Results indicate that victims of sexual assault have higher depression scores than persons who have not been sexually assaulted in their lifetime. Moreover, we found no sex effect for sexual assault on depression. The methodology used eliminated a bias typically associated with regression analyses, caused from statistical inference after improper model selection. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
18.
This study assessed the knowledge of 82 married women about existing legislations and law enforcement structure in Iraqi Kurdistan region to combat violence against women and women’s response to spousal violence. A female physician interviewed the participants using a specially designed questionnaire. The women possessed good knowledge about the presence of legislation (76.8 %) and related law enforcement structure (70.7 % to 74.4 %) to combat violence against women, but they lacked adequate knowledge about how to contact the law enforcement agencies. Women’s response to spousal violence primarily included self-defense (37.8 %) or keeping silent (26.8 %), rather than seeking justice (4.9 %). Women’s educational status was positively associated with reporting violence to police (52.1 % vs 29.4 %, p = 0.041) and the health staff (62.5 % vs 35.3 %, p = 0.015). Further research is needed to explore the reasons behind women’s poor knowledge of the details of the existing law enforcement structure and women’s reluctance to seek justice. 相似文献
19.
《Justice Quarterly》2012,29(1):56-84
Although a wealth of research has substantiated the relationship between self-control and offending independent of an array of theoretically relevant covariates, little is known about the contextual variability of this relationship. Our study contributes to the literature by assessing neighborhood variability in the explanatory effect of self-control on individual offending in two Eastern European cities: Lviv, Ukraine and Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Using data elicited from interviews with 1,431 respondents across 41 neighborhoods, we examine the extent to which the relationship between self-control and offending is moderated by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), and investigate the role of illegal opportunities and neighborhood morality as intervening processes accounting for the cross-level interaction between self-control and neighborhood SES. Estimates from hierarchical linear models indicate that self-control effects on offending are contingent upon ecological characteristics. However, neighborhood morality, and not neighborhood SES or neighborhood opportunities for crime, is a direct moderator of these effects. 相似文献
20.
Young-An Kim 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2018,34(1):67-110