警务应用射击训练初探

射击技能是公安民警的一门极其重要的警务技能。在当前社会治安形势极其复杂和社会矛盾日益突出的情况下,掌握和提高警务应用射击技能显得尤为重要。因此,加强公安民警射击技能训练,特别是应用射击训练,提高民警的射击技能显得十分迫切。     

警察院校射击教学现状与改革

当前严峻的治安形势要求我们警察院校改革射击教学的现状,警察院校的射击教学应更好地面向基层,面向实战,改进射击教学的方法,提高警察院校的射击教学水平.     

智能射击计时器测评

在射击培训中,射击计时器不可或缺,它可以有效地帮助执法人员提升训练水平,提高训练效率。2021年初,美国靶场科技公司将最新设计生产的智能射击计时器推向市场。2021年5月,在加州哈特内尔学院教授犯罪司法研究课程并担任轻兵器训练教官的退休警察林德赛·波特曼测试了这款智能射击计时器,以下是他的使用感受。我非常愉快地接受了测试智能射击计时器的任务。     

对公安院校射击教学课的思考

射击课是公安院校的一门必修专业技能课。结合多年的各种教学改革尝试,对比教学效果,加强学习目的教育,提高学生学习的自觉性,使学生切实认识到掌握射击技能再实际工作中的重要性,提高教学质量。     

学生在射击课教学中不同阶段的心理活动

在公安院校的射击教学中,应全面了解学生在不同阶段和不同条件下的各种微妙心理活动,采取灵活多样的教学训练 方法和手段来提高射击教学质量。     

对武器使用训练方法的体会

熟练、正确的使用武器,具备良好射击技术是每一名人民警察都应该具备的能力。然而因为各种原因,目前公安民警使用武器的能力参差不齐,相当一部分同志的射击技能还有待提高。而提高武器使用技能最有效的途径就是规范有效的     

扫描电镜/能谱法对92式手枪射击残留物检出率与遗留时间相关性的研究

目的研究92式手枪射击残留物检出率与遗留时间的相关性,为射击时间的推断提供依据。方法实验人员使用92式手枪分别射击1枪和3枪,射击后分别在0.5h内,24h,48h,72h,120h,168h,对实验人员的手部及衣袖袖口处进行射击残留物的提取,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对射击残留物进行检验。结果射击人的手部和衣袖会附着大量的射击残留物,随着时间的推移,手部的残留物数量急剧减少,24h（射击1枪）、72h（射击3枪）后不能检测到枪击残留物。而衣袖处120h（射击1枪）、168h（射击3枪）内均可检测到射击残留物,且射击残留物的检出率与遗留时间呈负相关性。结论随着遗留时间的增加,衣袖处射击残留物检出率递减,对涉枪案件中射击时间的判断有一定的参考价值。     

常见洗手方式对92式手枪射击残留物检出率的影响

目的研究常见洗手方式对92式手枪射击残留物检出率的影响,为确定犯罪嫌疑人射击与否的推断提供依据。方法实验人员使用92式手枪分别射击1枪和3枪,射击后0．5h内,射击人员的手分别用清水、肥皂和洗手液清洗3遍（对照组为未清洗）,对实验人员的手部进行射击残留物的提取,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对射击残留物进行检验。结果持枪射击后,射击人的手部会附着大量的射击残留物,用常见的洗手方式进行清洗后,仍然能检测到射击残留物,且不同的洗手方式对射击残留物的检出率的影响差异显著。结论常见洗手方式不能完全清除手部的射击残留物,对涉枪案件犯罪嫌疑人的判定有一定的参考价值。     

射击球形弹丸气枪知识初探

随着公安部《枪支致伤力的法庭科学鉴定判据》的发布,以及《公安机关涉案枪支弹药性能鉴定工作规定》的印发,"射击球形弹丸气枪"新一类枪族相继产生。本文对射击球形弹丸气枪作初步探讨。     

毛发枪弹损伤的环境扫描电镜研究

目的探讨毛发枪弹损伤微观形态与射击距离之间的关系。方法应用环境扫描电镜/能谱仪对64式手枪在0~200cm范围内射击造成的毛发损伤及附着物进行形态和成分分析。结果0~30cm射击,毛发表面粘附有大量密集分布的球形射击残留物颗粒,鳞片有严重斑纹状损伤和崩裂缺损;30~60cm射击,毛发表面粘附有较多散在分布的球形射击残留物颗粒,鳞片有轻微斑纹状损伤和崩裂缺损;100cm距离射击,毛发表面粘附有少数个别射击残留物颗粒,鳞片无斑纹状损伤;200cm距离射击,毛发表面无射击残留物。毛发枪弹射击断裂形态差异较大,大体分为剪切断裂和牵拉断裂两种类型,与射击距离无明显相关性。结论毛发表面粘附的大量球形射击残留物颗粒及其造成的鳞片斑纹状损伤对于法医学鉴定贴近距离射击((30cm)具有重要的实用价值。     

Characteristics of Backspatter on the Firearm and Shooting Hand—An Experimental Analysis of Close‐range Gunshots

Contact and close‐range gunshot injuries can produce bloodstains on the shooting hand and weapon. In this study, backspatter was analyzed in experimental horizontal pistol shots into blood‐filled sponges. The shooting distances were set between 0 and 45 cm. With increasing shooting distance, there was a significant decrease in the degree of backspatter. Microspatter could be detected on the weapon and shooting hand up to a shooting distance of 40 cm. They were predominantly located on thumb and index finger as well as the radial dorsal aspects of the hand. Fine spray of microspatter combined with elongated droplets in the shape of exclamation marks was found at contact and 2‐cm distance shots. An angular calculation based on the shape of the bloodstains was possible up to a shooting distance of 2 cm. No bloodstains were detected beyond 45 cm.     

手枪实用射击训练对射击教学的启示

根据现代警察手枪实用射击训练新内容、新方法,提出在新形势下的公安院校射击教学改革的新思路,改革手枪射击教学训练的内容和方法,有针对性的采取灵活多变的教学方法和教学手段,力求公安院校射击教学有所突破。     

Distribution of GSR particles in the surroundings of shooting pistol

Several series of experiments were performed to study the distribution of GSR particles in seven directions in the surroundings of shooting firearm (pistol CZ 85 caliber 9 mm Luger). External and internal conditions and two different primer types were used for the shooting experiments. The results showed that maximum number of GSR particles could be found in the right front quadrant at a distance of 2–4 m with respect to the shooting firearm position and shooting direction. GSR particles were even found in distance 10 m from shooting firearm. A significant influence of climatic conditions on GSR distribution was confirmed.     

Police shooting and criminal homicide: The temporal relationship

This study examines the temporal relationship between the incidence of police shooting and the incidence of criminal homicide for New York City between 1971 and 1975. The research finds that there is no temporal relation between the incidence of police shooting and the incidence of criminal homicide and concludes that the very strong and widely supported cross-sectional correlation between police shooting and criminal homicide is spurious, not causal.     

影响射击安全的四种心理因素解读

对射击教学训练,管理者通常只注意排除场所、设备等客观可见的危险点,而忽视了人的心理状态对安全具有决定性影响。因此,必须了解参与射击教学活动各类人员的心理状态及其对安全工作的影响,确保射击教学训练安全。     

Variation of the chemical contents and morphology of gunshot residue in the surroundings of the shooting pistol as a potential contribution to a shooting incidence reconstruction

A study of the chemical contents and sizes of gunshot residue originating from 9×18mm PM ammunition, depositing in the vicinity of the shooting person was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Samples of the residue were collected from targets placed at various distances in the range 0-100cm as well as from hands and clothing of the shooting person. Targets were covered by fragments of white cotton fabric or black bovine leather. In the case of cotton targets microtraces were collected from circles of 5 and 10cm in radius. Results of the examinations in the form of numbers of particles, proportions of their chemical classes and dimensions revealed a dependence on the distance from the gun muzzle, both in the direction of shooting and in the opposite one, i.e., on the shooting person. The parameters describing gunshot residue differed also depending on the kind of the target substrate. The kind of obtained information gives rise to understanding the general rules of the dispersion of gunshot residue in the surroundings of the shooting gun. Thus, it may be utilised in the reconstruction of shooting incidences, especially in establishing the mutual positions of the shooter and other participants of the incident.     

Assessing the influence of the Columbine shooting on federal sentencing outcomes

School shootings are not a new phenomenon in the United States or internationally. In comparison to other acts of violence experienced by youth, such tragedies are uncommon but garner extensive media attention. The Columbine High School shooting received more attention across a broader range of issues than any other school shooting, with only the Sandy Hook tragedy rivaling it for media attention. In the aftermath of the Columbine shooting, public sentiment regarding violence in schools became a central point of contention that bred fear and panic. Given the embeddedness of judges within the larger community context and the effects of community characteristics on sentencing outcomes, we wondered if the Columbine shooting – via moral panic and community upheaval – might have had an impact on judges imposing criminal sentences. To assess the effect of the Columbine shooting on judicial decision-making outcomes, the current study uses United States Sentencing Commission data from 1998 through 2001. In doing so, it contributes to the extant literature concerning the embeddedness of judges within communities and answers recent call for more research on the temporal context of sentencing disparities.     

Fatal impact? The effects of emotional arousal and weapon presence on police officers' memories for a simulated crime

Purpose . (1) To investigate the effects of emotional arousal and weapon presence on the completeness and accuracy of police officers' memories; and (2) to better simulate the experience of witnessing a shooting and providing testimony. Methods . A firearms training simulator was used to present 70 experienced police officers with either a shooting or a domestic dispute scenario containing no weapons. Arousal was measured using both self‐report and physiological indices. Recall for event details was tested after a 10‐minute delay using a structured interview. Identification accuracy was assessed with a photographic line‐up. Results . Self‐report measures confirmed that the shooting induced greater arousal than did the other scenario. Overall, officers' memories for the event were less complete, but more accurate, when they had witnessed the shooting. The recall and line‐up data did not support a weapon focus effect. Conclusions . Police officers' recall performance can be affected both qualitatively and quantitatively by witnessing an arousing event such as a shooting.     

七七式手枪弹头发射顺序的规律性研究

目的研究总结七七式手枪射击弹头的排序。方法对已知顺序的实弹射击取样,显微观察弹头上连续射击过程中形成的痕迹,通过统计、归纳,从中发现各痕迹与射击顺序之间的关系。结果根据弹头上的磕碰痕迹、顶压痕迹的出现规律判断出七七式手枪发射子弹的顺序。