Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva: report of two cases.

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) from the left sinus of Valsalva (LSV) is rare and has only recently been recognized as a cause of sudden cardiac death in otherwise healthy individuals. In this report, we describe two cases of anomalous origin of the RCA from the LSV. In the first case, a previously healthy 11-year-old girl died suddenly and unexpectedly. An autopsy revealed no abnormalities, except for anomalous origin of the RCA from the LSV. In the second case, a 21-year-old woman died by drowning in a bath, probably after an episode of syncope brought about by anomalous origin of the RCA from the LSV.     

我国目前推行行政公开所存问题之根源探讨

我国目前推进行政公开工作建设还存在一系列问题。其根源是目前我国推进行政公开工作建设还有一些障碍因素。本文以行政主体为研究平台,把目前我国行政公开实现困难的根源分为两部分进行研究,即行政主体系统内之根源与行政主体系统外之根源。     

Errors in the determination of the point of origin of bloodstains

Bloodstain pattern analysts are sometimes called upon to determine the point of origin of a pattern of bloodstains. A derivation of expressions for the uncertainties deltaX and deltaY in the coordinates of the point of origin P(X, Y) of two bloodstains on a surface has recently been published. These uncertainties were expressed in terms of the uncertainties in the measured distance between the bloodstains and the uncertainties in the angles of impact of the bloodstains. This paper extends the derivations in the previous work by expressing the uncertainties in the coordinates of the point of origin of two bloodstains in terms of the uncertainties in the length and width measurements from which the angles of impact of the bloodstains are calculated.     

论侦查策略的发展渊源

侦查策略作为打击犯罪领域内的谋略文化,由于其涉及的知识领域非常广泛,因此,侦查策略的渊源是丰富而多彩的。侦查策略的历史之源:人类抗争谋略的发展成果,构成了侦查策略产生发展的基石;侦查策略自身的发展构成其发展的主线。侦查策略的实践之源:人们对侦查策略的认识产生于侦查实践的需要;其它社会实践对侦查策略的助益;侦查实践是检验侦查策略的唯一标准。侦查策略的科技之源,即对新科学、新技术发展成果的借鉴和应用,是侦查策略的重要来源。     

原产地规则与我国《汽车零部件进口管理办法》的正当性

本文结合原产地规则的性质、各国的实践以及WTO对它的约束,分析了我国《构成整车特征的汽车零部件进口管理办法》的正当性,美国欧盟等对其提出异议并启动WTO争端解决程序,既不合情理又缺乏法律根据。     

The battle of the registers

A company can use its own name for purposes other than indicatingthe origin of goods or services without infringing any thirdparty trade mark rights. But even where a company uses its nameto indicate the origin of goods or services, it can do so providedits use is in accordance with honest practices in industrialor commercial matters.     

论CEPA的原产地规则

原产地规则是区域贸易协定赖以存在的基础,内地与香港签订的CEPA也制定了相应的原产地规则.CEPA确立了完全获得标准和实质改变标准以判断有关货物是否原产于香港,该规则在遵从国际惯例的前提下,又根据香港的实际作了适当调整,从整体来看是一套较合理的原产地规则,但仍存在一些问题有待将来作进一步完善.     

Revisiting country of origin principle: Challenges related to regulating e-commerce in the European Union

The article analyses the country of origin principle of information society services in the light of harmonisation and unification efforts undertaken by the European lawgiver. Although the country of origin principle remains the key element of the construction of freedom to provide information society services, the principle itself suffers a number of both explicit and implicit restrictions which render its practical application a serious challenge. The difficulty is posed by the fact that the Electronic Commerce Directive fails to expressly specify both the scope of harmonisation as regards the principle, and the level of harmonisation of the directive itself. Furthermore, it is understood differently by private international lawyers. In the eDate Advertising case the ECJ ruled that the principle is not a conflict-of-laws rule, neither does it require implementation to the national legal systems in this shape. This is not to mean, however, that the debate over the function of the country of origin principle in private international law is over. Last but not least, there are many different types of country of origin principles applicable to various types of services provided via the Internet. This multitude of country of origin principles is perhaps the greatest weakness the regulatory approach adopted by the European lawmaker.     

唐律“十恶”一词的佛教渊源

"十恶"是隋《开皇律》确立的一个专用法律名词,法史学界一直以来重视对"十恶"内容、罪名沿革等方面的研究,但是对于"十恶"语词的由来,除少数学者有论及外,尚未有深入的分析。实质固然重要,但名称也不可忽视。十恶原是佛教名词,后来进入律典成为法律名词,因此对隋唐律典"十恶"语词来源进行深入的研究,有助于我们了解佛教对隋唐律典的影响。     

西方恢复性司法理论渊源之考究

恢复性司法的勃兴固然与该司法模式所显现的社会效果不无关系,但我们也不能忽视其背后所隐藏的深厚、坚固且充满朝气的理论渊源,即"后现代主义"、"平衡正义"和"现代伦理"。探究其理论渊源有利于人们更好地认识恢复性司法。     

Significance of hemorrhages at the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles in hanging

Hemorrhages at the periostal-clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles are part of the indirectly induced autopsy findings in death by hanging. In a prospective study of 178 cases of hanging, clavicular hemorrhages were found in 110 cases (a relative frequency of 62%). A statistically significant association between occurrence of hemorrhages and completeness of the victim's body suspension was discovered (P = 0.046) as well as a significant association between the occurrence of hemorrhages and the location of the ligature knot on the neck (P = 0.008). The occurrence of hemorrhages at the clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles was independent of age, sex, and weight. This article renews the knowledge of this important vital sign described mainly in the German medicolegal literature.     

无因性原则之考古

对于无因性理论,应该以一种历史实证主义的态度去了解其发生和转型。罗马法上的抽象性原则在法律构成和效果方面与现代无因行为大致相近,但主要和具有宗教意义的形式主义密切相关。德国法上的无因性原则原本是法学家理论分析之抽象思维的结果,在最初的意义上,它并非基于功能论或目的论等法政策上的考虑而被创设,而是对请求给付之诉(不当得利制度之罗马法上的渊源)进行解释的产物。因此,无论是否定还是支持无因性理论,都不能以唯心主义的立场,浪漫地从功能主义的角度去理解其本初的意义。     

BK virus genotype distribution offers information of tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadaver

There are no efficient methods to determine the geographic origin of unidentified cadavers. We showed earlier that the geographical distribution of the JC virus genotype detected from human kidneys indicates the host's geographical origin. As there are still cadavers from which we cannot detect the JC virus (JCV), we investigated whether the genotype of another virus species belonging to the same family, human BK virus (BKV), could also be used to detect human geographical origin. BKV was found in 11 of 36 cases (30.5%). Even in the seven JCV-negative cases, the host's geographic origin could be estimated from the BKV genotype. Four subjects were positive for both the BKV and JCV. As the distribution areas of BKV and JCV genotypes are not identical, it is possible to narrow down the geographic area that any cadaver originates from.     

从国家的起源看社会主文和谐社会构建的基本要求

国家起源的过程表明,保持社会安定有序是国家起源的逻辑要求。在构建社会主义和谐社会过程中,保持社会安定有序是最基本的逻辑要求,而且必须以这一最基本的逻辑要求为切入点。     

传统知识来源披露产生机理研究

来源披露是传统知识保护的重要内容和方式。对来源披露的产生机理进行研究,有助于厘清来源披露的产生、演进脉络,展析其功能及规则运作,并为构建科学合理的来源披露体系奠定基础。在其机理的细化上,可以分为衍生机理、功能机理、运作机理,各机理有机联系和辩证统一,共同构成来源披露的产生机理体系。     

Chemical profiling of heroin recovered from the North Korean merchant vessel Pong Su

Heroin samples, seized from the North Korean merchant vessel Pong Su in Australian waters, were analyzed to determine geographic origin. Duplicate samples were analyzed by the National Measurement Institute's Australian Forensic Drug Laboratory and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration's Special Testing and Research Laboratory. Alkaloid ratios were determined by both liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) and capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection (CE-DAD) techniques. Acid/neutral manufacturing by-products were determined by solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Solvents, trapped in the heroin particles during manufacture, were detected by both static headspace GC-MS and purge and trap GC-MS. The alkaloid ratios obtained were consistent with heroin of a Southeast Asian (SEA) origin and principal component analysis of the alkaloid results demonstrated the presence of at least four subgroupings within the seizure. The solvent analysis detected diethyl ether and ethyl acetate, solvents typically seen in SEA heroin. However, the acid/neutral analysis revealed compounds not normally seen in heroin of a SEA origin. Furthermore, sterol-like molecules, always detected in the acid/neutral analysis of SEA heroin, were absent from the Pong Su samples. The Pong Su heroin, although similar to SEA heroin, has sufficient differences to classify it as having an unknown origin at the time of this writing.     

Multiple stressors,violence in the family of origin,and marital aggression: A longitudinal investigation

The negative perception of stress is significantly associated with marital aggression, as is violence in one's family of origin. However, most individuals experiencing stress do not engage in family violence. The present study tests an aspect of social learning theory, proposing that violence in one's family of origin predisposes one to react to stress by aggressing against one's spouse. Two hundred and seventy five couples completed questionnaires measuring multiple (work and life) stress, and marital aggression 6 and 18 months following their wedding. Information on violence in their family of origin was collected 1 month prior to their wedding. Moderated multiple regressions showed that for women, stress predicted marital aggression 1 year later after controlling for age, education, and initial marital aggression. No effects emerged for violence in the family of origin for either men or women. Conceptual implications for further studying the role of violence in the family of origin and the relationship between multiple Stressors and physical aggression are advanced.     

Heroin profiling: Predicting the country of origin of seized heroin

This short report presents an attempt to assess the feasibility of predicting the country of origin of heroin based on the concentration of selected alkaloids and adulterants in seized material. The method used to classify the data was a multivariate statistical analysis, based on a linear discriminant function, which assigns the illicit samples to the country of origin using objective and repeatable criteria. Previously, this has been done using subjective criteria which are open to interpretation. When confined to samples claimed to have originated from Turkey, Pakistan, India and South East Asia in the period 1990 to 1993, the method achieved a successful classification in 83% of cases.     

Fingerprint analysis for the determination of hand origin (right/left) using the axis slant in whorl patterns

Fingerprints are frequently encountered during both civil and criminal investigations. Fingerprints possess numerous characteristics that assist with personal identification. Determining the hand of origin (right or left) for an individual fingerprint would help reduce investigation time and potentially eliminate certain suspects. In this study, we collected a total of 2 900 single digit fingerprints from 290 individuals, and the whorl axis slant was examined in the 743 whorl pattern fingerprints (385 from the right hand and 358 from the left hand). A slant towards the right side was present in 81.82% of samples from the right hand, while a slant towards the left side was observed in 80.73% of samples from the left hand. After applying a chi-square test to the dataset, the results were found to be statistically significant for the determination of hand origin. Our results suggest that the whorl axis slant in a fingerprint is indicative of hand origin (right or left).

Key points

• Single digit fingerprints with whorl pattern were analyzed.
• Whorl “axis slant” was used to determine the hand origin.
• Right axis slant would indicate the right hand of the print.
• Left axis slant would indicate the left hand of the print.

     

THC content of cannabis and cannabis resin in samples seized by the Swedish police

The THC-content in 1100 samples of cannabis resin and 600 of marihuana has been determined. The content of THC varied much, in the resin groups mostly depending on the origin and age of the resin and in the marihuana groups depending on the origin and race of the seeds.