浅谈案件审理持疑法

正案件审理持疑法,是笔者在实践中摸索总结的一种案件审理方法,它是指案件审理人员在开展案件审理工作中,始终对移送审理的案件事实、证据、定性、处理、程序及手续持再审查的态度,通过审查,从持疑、设疑、质疑、释疑、再设疑直至审核无疑,最终完成案件审理工作。持疑。为了公正、客观地处理案件,案件审理工作对移送审理的案件应当怀有一种持疑的态度,即对移送审理的条     

律师文化的定位与发展——以浙江为例

在汉语中,"文化"实际上是"人文教化"的简称,南北朝《曲水诗序》中的"设神理以景俗,敷文化以柔远",这里文化是指中国王朝的文治和教化总称,汉朝刘向《说苑》亦有"文化不改,然后加诛"之说,同为此意①。可见文化应是一个国家治理概念。而现代意义上的文化一词涵义已经变异,通常指的是人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的     

中医与中国文化

中医理论是在中国传统文化这样一种整体的辩证思维方式下展开的。所以中医医学是建立在中国传统文化思维上的科学,它与中国文化有着血肉渊源。中医的"生命"观与道家的"生死"哲学一脉相承;中医学理论与儒家的"中庸之道"息息相关;中医学理论源泉是来自中国朴素唯物主义哲学;中医的"整体"观与宋明理学思想可以说一衣带水;中医养生理论更是中国文化精髓的体现。     

简论易学对中国古代法律文化的影响

《周易》是中国古代流传最早的成体系书,自古被誉为"群经之首,百家之源"。它的内容丰富,文字古朴,保留了许多上古的史料,亦给后人研究上古文化提供了便利。在《周易》经传文本里,记载了大量的法律现象和法律思想,经几代的法律人的共同努力,使《周易》的法律文化经过了"从疑到肯、从注到解、从零到整"的发展过程。在《周易》经传的文本里,记载着大量诸如"讼"、"狱"、"刑"、"罚"等法律现象。本文通过简述《周易》中《噬嗑》、《解》、《贲》、《丰》、《旅》等卦中的象辞,分析了易学文化对中国古代法制社会的影响。     

文化,司法公正,法院文化与司法文化

"文化"一词久已有之,如,刘向《说苑》中有"凡武之兴,谓不服也;文化不改,然后加诛。"王融《曲水诗序》中有"设神理以景俗,敷文化以柔远。"前者意指文治,后者意指教化。文化概念的含义甚多,历史上有几百种解释,大致可以归纳为三类:广义的文化是指文明,也即人类所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和;狭义的文     

文化全球化视阈下中国文化软实力的构建

提高文化软实力是国际社会在综合国力竞争日趋激烈的背景下抢占文化发展制高点的新战略,是当代民族国家面向现代化、全球化生存与发展的必然选择。在文化全球化背景下,文化交融交锋不可避免,我们必须正确认识和处理几种相应的文化关系,通过强化民族信仰、促进文化繁荣发展、推动文化"走出去"以及国际文化秩序的建立等具体路径来提高我国文化软实力,实现我国向文化强国转变的战略目标。     

“同类产品”判定中的文化因素考量与中国文化贸易发展

在WTO法框架下,进口产品享受国民待遇的前提之一是与相关国产品的同类性。本文分析了GATT第3条有关同类产品的法理以及涉及文化产品的两个案例("加拿大期刊案"和"中国出版物和视听产品案"),指出专家组和上诉机构在判定产品同类性方面忽视了对文化因素的考量,以及中国在"出版物和视听产品案"中的同类性问题上抗辩不足。鉴于在经济全球化时代协调自由贸易和保护文化多样性及中国发展国际文化贸易的现实需要,作者建议可以通过两种途径考虑文化因素在确定产品同类性中的作用:一是考察文化因素与判定同类性的传统标准之一,即"消费者品味和习惯"之间的联系;二是重新思考"目的和效果"理论的价值,因该理论能够对争端裁决者考虑贸易措施背后的文化政策目标提供适当的灵活性。     

数字时代国内文化规制与贸易自由化之间的互动——兼论我国文化规制的博弈空间

近年来,数字传播技术迅速发展,尤其是电子及视讯媒介的普及、人造卫星传输网络的建立,造就了文化的无边界化。许多国家担心民族文化被同化,倾向采取诸如限制市场准入等方式加强文化保护。但是,在世界贸易组织(WTO)推动的浓郁自由贸易氛围下,各成员可以在何种程度上保有自己的文化规制自主权,是考验各成员政府智慧的难题。本文在WTO框架下从争端实践和规则体系两个角度,剖析"文化因素"在WTO框架下的地位;探求面对数字科技的冲击,WTO规则还能为文化规制留存多大空间,从而为我国提供文化规制政策的新思路。     

浅议我国文化创意产业的知识产权保护

当前我国正处于经济转型和产业结构调整时期,受自然资源约束威胁,诸如制造业处于价值链低端、就业难、自主创新能力低等问题长期阻碍着我国的经济增长,然而文化创意产业的大力发展正好可以有效的解决这一难题。"文化创意产业"是近年"两会"代表委员热议的话题,在产业的高速发展中也存在着诸多问题,其中最需要及时解决的问题就是文化创意产业的知识产权保护意识问题。在文化创意产业发展中知识产权保护强度是创意产业发展的重要影响因素,它是文化创意产业得以健康发展的重要保障。本文结合文化创意产业与知识产权保护的论证关系,从文化创意产业的概念着手,介绍了当前我国文化创意产业中知识产权的发展现状,并针对存在问题提出了对策。     

挖掘符合现代精神的廉政文化

中国腐败的蔓延风行与渗透影响,已呈现出强烈的文化特征。"贪墨文化"业已构成一种新的文化类型。当前的腐败文化是中国传统贪墨文化在今天特殊环境下的复辟。腐败也是历史的沉疴,也是一个传统,是中国传统文化的一个组成部分。因此,我们当前的反腐败斗争,既要"打老     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.