论现代市场经济法律保障体系

作者认为现代市场经济需要两种调节机制。民商法是市场调节的法律保障;经济法是国家调节的法律保障。现代市场经济法律体系是包括多个部门法规范的庞大系统工程。该法律体系的内容构成,包括经济主体和社会经济结构、各经济主体的经济行为和整个社会经济运行、市场及其他外部环境、经济纠纷与违法犯罪处理共四个方面的法律规范。为建立和完善我国市场经济法律体系,应大力加强国家宏观经济调控立法;改善和完善各种微观经济立法;应将立法区分具有稳定性的基本性立法与过渡性立法,前者是直接构造市场经济法律体系大厦的工程,后者是为最终建造大厦的材料加工制作。     

关于司法裁判中地方保护主义的认识与思考

地方保护主义是长期以来困扰和制约人民法院审判工作发展的突出问题，它严重地损害了国家法律的统一和尊严，直接影响着党和政府特别是人民法院在群众中的威望和声誉。实事求是地分析司法裁判中地方保护主义的现状、原因，寻找出解决问题的办法，是当前完善审判工作机制，保证审判工作健康发展的当务之急。一、对司法裁判中地方保护主义的认识近年来，地方保护主义现象日趋蔓延，特别是在经济执法方面更为严重，许多想通过法律途径解决经济纠纷或请求债务赔偿的当事人，普遍感到立案难、审结难、执行更难，其合法权益不能得到有效地保护，足…     

当代经济下我国民商法的发展初探

在社会主义市场经济发展阶段，民商法作为市场法律规范中的重要组成部分，对于维护市场的正常秩序，促进市场经济的平稳发展起到了促进作用。在市场经济的法律体系中，民商法作为基础性的制度，直接反应了经济需求与社会的动态发展状况。但是，民商法在具体操作的过程中，就会由于各种因素的影响而难以发挥相应的作用。本文通过论述当代经济下我国民商法发展的理论基础以及本质价值，对民商法制度存在的问题及完善策略进行分析，并对民商法的未来发展进行探索。     

试析民商法中诚实信用原则的内涵及其完善路径

民商法作为一部重要的社会生活规范法律,体现了市场经济内在规律与本质要求,在我国,其市场经济的法律秩序关键基础就是民商法,随着我国经济纵深发展,为维护市场经济的有序运行,人们对诚实信用原则越来越重视,并将其归入民商法当中,本文就民商法当中的诚实信用原则内涵与应用领域进行了介绍,分析了诚实信用原则的不足之处,并探讨了其完善路径。     

探讨民商法在我国法律体系中的发展历程

在我国的法律体系中,民商法作为市场经济的基本法律制度在体系中居于主导地位.民商法是随着经济的发展应运而生的.民商法是权力法,对规范社会生活具有重要的作用.它的出现为市场活动者的经营资格提供了保证,为我国依法治国提供了依据.本文就民商法在我国法律体系中的发展历程做了详细的论述.     

地方保护主义的成因和解决之道

地方保护主义本质上是地方政府和执法机关为保护局部利益牺牲法制统一、滥用权力的结果 ;各地方作为独立利益主体受经济利益的不当驱动是其产生根源 ,现行立法、行政执法、行政审判等法律制度的不完善则是重要成因 ;应当从严格行政执法、加强地方行政执法机关的独立性、建立有效的对行政不作为的监督制度和科学的行政违法责任追究制度、完善行政处罚与刑罚的衔接、合理配置行政强制执行权及改革行政审判体制等方面克服和防范地方保护主义。     

关于民商法的研究方法

民商法的研究方法有规范研究方法、阶级分析方法、实证研究方法、经济分析方法。我国民商法学者使用更多的是阶级分析的研究方法,但这种研究方法在市场经济条件下的法学分析中有很大的不足。改革的实践急需规范创新、制度创新,需要把法律规范和法律制度本身的技术性规则的研究作为常规手段,同时需要民商法实证效果的研究和对民商立法、司法进行经济成本的分析。因此,民商法的研究方法应当有根本的转变     

关于民商法中诚实信用原则的探究

在我国现代的众多法律当中,民商法是一部特别重要的法律,它不仅是民法与商法的有机结合体,而且它还是市场经济中调整平等主体间交换关系的最为重要的法律。在民商法的基本原则中,最主要的就是诚实信用原则。它深入贯穿于民商法几乎所有的条款当中。所以,诚实信用这项基本原则在民商法中有着举足轻重的作用。然而,随着现代社会经济的飞速发展,民事活动中失信现象屡屡出现,使得加强诚实信用原则的工作迫在眉睫。本文首先分析了民商法中诚实信用原则的具体内涵,接着分析了当前社会中的失信现象,然后说明了诚实信用原则在民商法中的巨大作用,最后经过探究提出了改善民商法中诚实信用原则的重要途径。     

公开开庭执行制度刍议

一、社会生活条件的变化与我国的执行制度法律是社会物质生活条件的反映，这一规律要求只要社会生活条件发生了变化，法律就必须进行相应的改革，以便与新的社会生活条件相适应。建国以来，我国经济发展经历了计划经济和市场经济两个阶段。在计划经济时期，纠纷只是计划链条上出现了故障，由于利益的共同性，能得到积极主动协调解决，努力使紊乱的计划关系得到理顺。因而不存在诉讼中的地方保护主义，执行工作也不会出现人为的障碍。在社会主义市场经济条件下，冲突的性质是民事主体之间的利益纠纷，诉讼是为了解决纠纷，审判与执行则分别是…     

我国经济中现代民商法的价值体现

随着我国经济体制的不断改革,在商品交易方面的问题层出不穷,需要带有强制力的法律来对其进行调整和规范,以便更好的实现市场经济的流动,促进市场经济的高速发展,并调整好不同方面的市场经济关系,民商法就是其中的代表.在我国社会现阶段经济条件下,民商法能够有效调整我国相关商品经济发展形势,同时促进我国经济、政治等方面的发展水平,由此可见我国社会市场经济中,民商法的价值体现.本文依据我国民商法在现阶段经济条件下发展的理论基础,深入分析了民商法的价值根本、核心以及理念,最终提出了现代民商法对我国经济的价值体现.     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。