我国社区警务发展趋势及改革对策

我国社区警务战略实施10年以来,取得了一定成绩,然而在近几年实践工作中,社区警务工作呈现出诸多新特点,制约着社区警务的发展.根据我国社区警务的发展趋势,结合实际,分析影响我国社区警务发展的因素,并提出相应的改革措施,对创新社会管理,维护社会治安具有重要意义.     

社区民警绩效评估机制中的“顾客导向”初探

20世纪70～80年代以来由英国等西方国家掀起的名为＂新公共管理＂的改革浪潮,提出＂顾客导向＂的政府绩效评估理念。该理念要求政府站在顾客立场思考,评估过程推动公众的广泛参与,并以顾客满意为政府绩效的终极标准。该理念与社区民警绩效评估的主体机制、指标机制、程序机制及结果运用机制的价值取向与实践操作相吻合。应按照＂顾客导向＂理念的要求,进一步完善社区民警评估机制。     

警务社区化:城市治安战略的新变化

文章回顾了近几十年来西方发达国家城市公共安全战略所经历的由街面控制为主转向社区治安为主的变化过程,阐述了城市公共安全管理发展的基本趋势,分析了推行警务社区化的主要目的,探讨了社区警务管理新体制.     

On The Receiving End: The Governance of the Police in Britain

Based on direct observation over a five‐year period, the article paints an intimate picture of how the police in Britain are governed. It analyses the complexity of the economic and political environment in which the police have to work: the insecure funding platform; the stream of initiatives, targets and official guidelines; the delicacy of handling community sensitivities; the inherent opaqueness of the national ‘tripartite’ system of governance; and the constant challenge of making balanced judgements under conflicting pressures. The central theme that runs through the article (which follows on logically from two previous articles published in Political Quarterly) is that of a ‘managerialist’ political class, with a distinctive ideology and mode of control, trying to get a policy grip on the real world of service delivery: in this instance, policing. Unlike the previous two articles, which had a top‐down focus, the emphasis here is primarily on how the thicket looks to those who have to navigate their way through it.     

Defeat in Iraq: The Challenges for Obama and the Region

Abstract

Though community policing is widely promoted by donors and criticized by academics, there has been little research on its practice in Africa. This essay examines one of the main elements of community policing, namely community forums, in Freetown, Sierra Leone. They were examined from the point of view of the police, Partnership Board executives and local communities. The triangulation of response provided an evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses. Positively they have improved communication between police and communities and provided intelligence, investigation, intervention, arrest and dispute resolution. Negatively they are elite dominated and most of the activities, initiatives and even finance come from the community. Despite the difficulties, the Partnership Boards are universally valued and are not seen as unwelcome foreign imports.     

北京社区民警驻区制研究

北京市公安局在逐步推行社区民警驻区制过程中,取得了可喜的成绩,也存在不少困难,如经费保障稳定性差、人员管理与考核难度大、驻区民警的警务素养与社区工作要求有一定差距等。依据相关警学理论,从多渠道筹措资金、科学安排勤务、创新考核机制、多角度提升驻区民警的警务素养等几个方面对上述问题提出科学化建议,以期更好地发挥功效。     

北京市居民安全感研究

本从社会治安评价和小区治安评价两个方面,围绕北京市居民对社会治安状况的主观感受与评价这一主题,进行了大量的实地调研和数据分析。本发现,居民对于公共安全的评价与对小区治安的评价,两高度相关;警察可见度、警察工作效率和警民关系,是影响居民安全感的重要因素。本提出了社区警务与统一的公共安全体系协同建设,以及加强社区建设的对策。     

Editors’ Introduction

Abstract

The police restructuring efforts in Bosnia and Herzegovina driven by the international community, using in particular the leverage of European integration, attempted to achieve a reform that would transform a very fragmented police system into a de-politicized single structure and ended in the signing of a rather weak political agreement. The main reason why the process proved to be so difficult was that police restructuring touched upon the fundamentals of a delicate ethno-political power-sharing model in a post-conflict situation. But also, the approach chosen by the international community had serious deficiencies as the international community was far from speaking with one voice, thereby limiting its leverage.     

Under Construction: ESDP and the ‘Fight Against Organized Crime’

Abstract

This essay discusses the phenomenon of ‘organized crime’ as a matter for EU foreign and security policy. Primarily aimed at searching for conceptual guidance, it draws on literature on criminology and policing, presenting two different theoretical perspectives for analyzing the phenomenon of ‘organized-crime fighting’, a utilitarian and a critical one. Against this backdrop, the essay discusses how ESDP (European Security and Defence Policy) has developed and engaged the issue of organized crime. Specifically, it outlines the character of ESDP as a mechanism for ‘civilian crisis management’ and illustrates its ‘working’ through the case of the EU's police mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) by placing it in the two different theoretical frames. Deciding in favour of a social constructivist approach, the essay concludes by suggesting that a successful strategy must focus on the dissemination of the EU's understanding of ‘organized crime’ abroad.     

上海社区警务建设刍议

上海公安机关在实施现代警务机制战略中以新一轮社区警务改革为核心,形成了警种联动、警社合作、警民沟通、外部考评四大工作机制,特别是在加强实体及网上警务室建设、推进警社合作、引入外部考评机制方面,为新时期密切警群联系、构建和谐警民关系奠定了坚实基础。     

列车“巡乘制”改革的实践与思考

实行列车“巡乘制”,既能确保列车治安平稳,又能有效缓解警力紧张的矛盾,是警务规范化管理的一次重大改革。要逐步对条件成熟的列车推行巡乘警务,加大站车视频监控等科技装备投入,不断完善以地保车机制,强化巡乘队伍自身建设,切实提升警务改革成效。     

破解任务繁重与警力紧张矛盾的思考

随着“高铁时代”的到来,铁路公安机关面临的形势任务和警力需求之间的矛盾更加凸显,警力资源结构亟待调整。对此,只有积极致力于警力无增长改善,不断努力探索破解任务繁重与警力紧张之间矛盾的有效途径,从思想理念、用警机制、工作模式、素质建设、综合保障等全方位推进对铁路民警队伍整体的优化,才能从根本上解决这一突出问题。     

加强铁路公安工作必须推进社区警务建设

社区警务是目前世界警务改革方向 ,被誉为第四次警务革命。公安部也正在全国推广实施社区警务战略 ,以求探索专门工作与群众路线相结合的新路子 ,最终实现警务工作“由打击型向服务型的转变” ,从而真正实践“立警为公、执法为民”的指导思想 ,实践“人民公安为人民”的根本要求。笔者就铁路公安机关如何推进社区警务建设作了一些粗浅的分析和探讨 ,以供参考     

Regulating business or policing crime? Tracing the policy convergence between taxation and crime control at the local level

Policing is commonly associated with street‐level crime, whereas regulation is instead associated with the complexities of business and market governance. However, this distinction has been questioned by recent research and it seems that the worlds of regulation and policing are tending to merge. Still, little is known about how this convergence is unfolding. By following the intersection of two international policy‐level processes – the financialization of organized crime and the upgraded monitoring of tax evasion – down to the level of organizational practice in the Swedish restaurant trade, this article contributes to an understanding of the institutional dynamic behind the recent convergence. At the same time, it discusses the conceptual relationship between policing and regulation, and the counter‐arguments that may be needed to overcome the distinction between the two. I specifically address the neglected issue of the differential social valuation of “crime” and “business,” and find that it is relativized by a common focus on unreported transactions.     

论社区警务中的人权关怀

我国自20世纪90年代以来,不断加强社区警务建设,取得了显著成就。在我国社会主义市场经济、民主法制、权利保障不断发展和完善的历史潮流中,不断强化公安机关和社区民警的人权意识,增强对社区民众的人权关怀,应该成为我国社区警务建设的关键性环节。     

Statebuilding and Force: The Proper Role of Foreign Militaries

Abstract

Recent military interventions, both peace operations authorized by the United Nations and actions by individual countries, have aimed at helping build new or reconstituted states. The legitimacy and success of these state-building interventions are often contested by local actors. Yet state-like structures are needed to ensure the rule of law and economic growth. This paper argues for a new approach: to direct the use of foreign force toward roles that helped states emerge as the most successful governance structures in historical Europe, by defending populations from outside attack, protecting them from banditry and violence, and enforcing predictable rules for commerce and civil life (while training local forces to assume these duties). This approach focuses attention on the practical need to prepare military forces for both traditional defence and police-like roles.     

铁路货运改革中的货场安保对策——以上海铁路公安处为视角

铁路货运的改革给货场安保工作带来新的挑战。铁路公安机关要积极主动,充分履行职能,大力推进货场治安防控体系制度化建设,完善日常监督检查机制、危险隐患管控机制、治安整体防控机制、信息研判预警机制、矛盾疏导化解机制,全力确保货场内部安全稳定。