欧盟国家的社团立法:一个初步的介绍

欧盟国家的社团立法由宪法的公民结社权 ,民法的主体制度、财产权制度、治理制度 ,行政法的监管制度与税收优惠制度等构成了一个较为完备的体系。法律维护公民结社权 ,尊重公民在成立组织方面的自主性和选择性 ,保护社团的财产权 ,对社团的政治参与和社会参与提供了一些制度化的机制和途径。由此 ,在国家和公民社会之间 ,在公民的结社自由和国家对社团的监管之间 ,建立了某种平衡 ,创造了一个相对宽和的社会环境     

简论社会控制与司法行政的社会作用

一、社会控制与司法行政社会是人类摆脱孤立走向联合、摆脱愚昧走向文明的必然选择,恩格斯指出:“由于随着完全形成的人的出现而产生了新的因素——社会。这种发展一方面获得了有力的推动力,另一方面又获得了更确定的方向。①”阶级和国家的出现,使人类社会迈入了更为高级和复杂的社会形态,从而造就了辉煌的文明成果,但与此同时,频繁发生的社会动荡、混乱乃至战争,却又常常对人类文明造成不同程度的破坏,延缓和阻碍社会的发展。“一切政体可以被内部的变故所毁弃,一般地也可以被外力所破坏。②”因此,进行社会控制,达至社会的秩序和稳定,是…     

Social Justice and Environmental Management: An Introduction

Social Justice Research -     

Interests of Asian Countries in the Review of the Dispute Settlement Procedure

FeaturesofDSprocedure .TheWTOsystemisarule basedinternationaltradingsystemasopposedtobeingapower orientedtradingsys tem .Itgivesstabilityandpredictabilitytointernationaltrade.Lookingatfiguresofdisputes ,itisremarkablethatbetween 1 947 1 994inwhichtheoldGATTsystemoperated ,therewereabout30 0disputesonrecordandthat,from1 995whentheWTOwasinitiatedto 2 0 0 3,therewereabout 30 0disputes.ThismeansthatthedisputesettlementprocedureoftheWTOismuchmorefrequentlyusedascomparedwiththedisputesettlemen…     

Social Justice and Minority Religions: A Sociological Introduction

Social Justice Research -     

Terrorism Risk, Resilience and Volatility: A Comparison of Terrorism Patterns in Three Southeast Asian Countries

Objective

This article explores patterns of terrorist activity over the period from 2000 through 2010 across three target countries: Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand.

Methods

We use self-exciting point process models to create interpretable and replicable metrics for three key terrorism concepts: risk, resilience and volatility, as defined in the context of terrorist activity.

Results

Analysis of the data shows significant and important differences in the risk, volatility and resilience metrics over time across the three countries. For the three countries analysed, we show that risk varied on a scale from 0.005 to 1.61 “expected terrorist attacks per day”, volatility ranged from 0.820 to 0.994 “additional attacks caused by each attack”, and resilience, as measured by the number of days until risk subsides to a pre-attack level, ranged from 19 to 39 days. We find that of the three countries, Indonesia had the lowest average risk and volatility, and the highest level of resilience, indicative of the relatively sporadic nature of terrorist activity in Indonesia. The high terrorism risk and low resilience in the Philippines was a function of the more intense, less clustered pattern of terrorism than what was evident in Indonesia.

Conclusions

Mathematical models hold great promise for creating replicable, reliable and interpretable “metrics” to key terrorism concepts such as risk, resilience and volatility.     

The Neurobiology of Fairness and Social Justice: An Introduction

The study of social justice has always been an interdisciplinary undertaking, but in recent years neurobiologists have joined scholars and scientists from other areas to tackle complex questions concerning fairness, empathy, equality, hierarchy, and ideological conflict and polarization. By synthesizing insights from multiple, mutually informative levels of analysis, it is possible to shed new light on basic biological processes that reflect, inspire, and inhibit the pursuit of a more just society. With this special issue we highlight groundbreaking research on the neurobiology of fairness and social justice, bringing together six articles that address core themes of social justice, including individual variability in definitions of fairness, the genetic basis of economic egalitarianism, neural bases of empathy in environmental and intergroup domains, and the neural and genetic correlates of ideological polarization. Taken in conjunction, these diverse contributions bring multiple theoretical perspectives and research methods to bear on the shared goal of understanding and promoting social justice.     

欧洲国家罪犯DNA数据库简介

1995年,英国十分成功地建立了国家罪犯DNA数据库,该库利用犯罪案件中检材样本的DNA-STR分型结果与从犯罪嫌疑人以及已被判决的罪犯处获得比对样本进行DNA比对识别,确定罪犯。多位点PCR分型技术系统的引进使用,允许同时分析十组独立的位点,该系统更有利于对样本迅速的分型,更有利于利用计算机建立了庞大的DNA数据库。     

生命伦理学与21世纪的法律——西方生命伦理立法概览

生命伦理学与法学交叉领域研究近几十年来受到西方国家的重视，甚至被当作21世纪法律的核心。各国围绕生命的不同阶段和状态展开的一系列立法举措与法学研究使公民在生死、器官移植、基因信息与检测等方面的权利得到了保障。介绍与分析具有代表性的生命伦理立法例，说明涉及生命伦理的法律问题应当作为一个体系加强研究，借此为我国的生命伦理立法与法学研究提供有益的借鉴与启示。     

论大陆法国家对信托的引进及其进路

信托的本质是一种财产管理运作方式,从设立到成立、再到运行受到普通法与衡平法的共同调整,对英美普通法与衡平法互动的双重法律体系有着强烈的依赖,而普通法与衡平法互动的双重法律体系又是英美法的特色。尽管没有衡平法和双重法律体系,大陆法系国家还是可以通过功能移植的方式引进信托的。马尔他与魁北克就是成功移植信托的两个实例。