社会发展中的中国法理学悖论

改革开放以来的法理学在研究与教学上在一定程度上与中国模式之间存在着一种张力,其表征是：法理学之西方知识与中国模式之东方经验的悖论、法理学之“权利本位”与中国模式之“发展”“稳定”目标的悖论、法理学之法律自由价值优先与中国模式之法律秩序价值优先的悖论、法理学之以“个人”为本的法律观与中国模式之以“人民”为本的法律观的悖论。如何认识与看待这些悖论,是当下法理学发展的新课题。     

Legislative Analysis of China＇s Exploitation in International Seabed Area

“区域”开发对国家具有重要的战略意义,但我国缺乏调整“区域”开发的国内立法。法律的缺失于我国“区域”开发的发展不利,也无助于我国在国际海底管理局及有关规章的制定中发挥更大作用,更有可能引发国家责任。以《联合国海洋法公约》为主体的“区域”法律制度,为我国“区域”开发立法提供了法律依据,也为我国“区域”开发立法应遵循的原则提供了指引。采用专门立法来调整“区域”内的活动是国际上通行的模式,也更加符合我国的实际情况,因而应为我国所采纳,以推动我国履行该《公约》赋予的义务,提升我国在“区域”国际法规则制定中的话语权,规范我国在“区域”内的活动,维护与拓展我国在“区域”的利益。     

On the Historical Development Ancient China＇s and the Spiritual Qualities of National Law

中国古代民族法是多元一体中华法制文明不可或缺的重要组成部分,既充分尊重和发掘少数民族自身的法律文化,又强调民族凝聚力和国家主权统一,既注重政策,又注重法律,既赋予少数民族“自治”权,又促进地方的法制化管理,有效地维护了边疆民族地区的稳定和经济、文化的繁荣昌盛。     

The Great Development of the Criminal Procedural System with China＇s Characteristics

刑事诉讼法修改在坚持从我国基本国情出发,循序渐进地推进我国刑事诉讼制度的完善;坚持统筹处理好惩罚犯罪与保障人权的关系;坚持着力解决在惩治犯罪与维护司法公正方面存在的突出问题原则下,贯彻了“尊重和保障人权”的宪法原则,对证据制度、辩护制度、强制措施、侦查程序、审判程序、执行程序等方面作了完善,是中国特色刑事诉讼制度的重大发展。但在取得很大成绩的同时,问题与不足也是客观存在的,还需要进一步完善,并通过司法解释的出台和实施细则的制定加以弥补。     

Rethinking about Construction of China＇s Socialist Democratic Politics in the New Era--Review and Expectation of China＇s Socialist Democratic Politics Construction with 30 -years＇ Implementation of China Constitution

人民民主是我国社会主义国家政权的本质,发展社会主义民主,实现人民当家做主是我国宪法、宪政的核心使命。秉承这一使命,我国现行《宪法》实施30年来,极大地促进了我国社会主义民主政治的发展。然而,在当前我国社会主义建设的新时期,社会主义民主政治也面临着不少问题与挑战。因此,有必要结合既有成就,正视新时期的挑战,通过进一步推进我国现行《宪法》的实施,探索社会主义民主政治发展的新路向。而培育社会主义民主文化,关注公民身份、提升公民的民主行动能力,走社会主义民主渐进发展之路,促进我国社会主义民主制度的完善与创新则是最为重要的环节。     

Functions of China＇s Civil Pretrial Procedure

我国长期以来秉承庭审中心主义,对于庭审前程序的功能仅定位为为庭审做准备。但当下审前程序的功能已经由单一的准备功能发展为包括准备、化解纠纷等在内的复合型功能,即由为开庭审理做准备以保证诉讼的顺利进行,发展为提供了一个无须审判而结束案件纠纷的解决途径。由此,我国的民事庭审前程序应当具有疏松减压、导向庭审、化解纠纷、整合救济资源与保障社会救济以及彰显庭审前程序价值的功能。     

Inadequacy of China＇s Legislation on Compulsory Licensing of Pharmaceutics Patent and Its Improvement

面对艾滋病、SARS、禽流感等大规模传染性疾病对公共健康安全的威胁,世界贸易组织以及各国纷纷加强药品专利强制许可立法,当然,我国也不例外。但是,我国现行药品专利强制许可制度,仍然存在立法层次过多、颁发事由不明确、申请主体过窄等不足,在今后进一步完善相关立法时,应考虑在专利法中对药品专利强制许可做出专门的、完整的规定,并明确将公共健康利益需要作为颁发专利强制许可的事由,以及允许任何单位和个人成为药品专利强制许可的申请主体。     

What is Direction of China＇s Higher Legal Education （Ⅲ）

（Continued）（I） Concepts Legal professions can be divided into those in the broad sense and those in the narrow sense. Legal professions in the narrow sense refer to the professions of adjudication, prosecution, lawyering and so on, with the obtainment of a Certificate of the Legal Profession Qualifications after passing the National Judicial Examination as the basic premise for taking a legal profession. In comparison, legal professions in the broad sense refer to all social professions with legal work as the core,     

The Evolution of the CPC’s Conception of Association and Regulation of Social Organizations in China

Freedom of association and all institutions coming with it have not been accepted by the Chinese government. Instead, Chinese social organization administration is based upon the concept of association held by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Chinese government had adopted a “total control” model of social organization administration in the era of totalitarianism before the “Opening-up and Reform”, leaving almost no room for social organizations to survive, because the CPC had regarded social organizations as “revolutionary” and “deconstructive”. The Chinese has adopted a graduated control system to administrate social organizations in the era of authoritarianism after the “Opening-up and Reform”, treating social organizations differently according to their threats to the ruling order and their utilities for economic development, because the CPC has viewed social organizations as a “challenging” but “auxiliary” power. The on-going “innovation of registration and administration of social organizations” is not a return to international standard regarding social organization administration in China, but only partial reform of the graduate control system still based upon the CPC’s conception of association as “challenging” but “auxiliary”. Social organizations capable of providing public goods in areas of economic development and social services are given more favorable treatment by the government while political and religious organizations are still tightly controlled by the government.     

On the Improvement of China＇s Judge Selection System

司法是社会正义的最后防线,司法正义的实现必须拥有一批高素质的司法官队伍。在构建我国司法官选任制度时,应当借鉴法治发达国家的有益经验和做法,提高司法官任职的最低学历条件,明确司法官的法律职业经验要求,完善国家司法考试制度,强调司法官的品行操守,建立司法官任职培训制度,完善司法官的选任机制和程序。     

China＇s Labor Contract Law and the liberalization of global markets： Will employees＇ rights equate to employers＇ nightmares？

Lower labor costs and realization of profits have been key components in the expansion of the global market. As we continue to witness the prolific liberalization of the global market, it is essential that we remember the importance of human capital. Workers play a paramount role in the realization of continued and sustained global market growth. Paradoxically, sustained growth in the global market is also fueled by the absence of workers＇ rights and the resulting reduction of labor costs. Thus, multi-national companies and workers employed by multi-national companies, have encountered a seeming contradiction of workplace realities. From a capitalistic economic perspective, it is necessary for multi-national companies to compete for market share and realize profits. However, in order to promote social harmony and ensure against large-scale social unrest, workers must be given basic rights ensuring economic security and workplace justice. China has enacted the Labor Contract Law to address challenges surrounding these issues. This paper will discuss the efficacy of China＇s embracing the rule of law so as to effectively enforce the Labor Contract Law. The paper will also give an overview of the concepts forming the foundation of the rule of law. Further, the paper will offer a brief comparative analysis of the United States＇ use of the rule of law in relation to resolving post-slavery labor issues. Finally, the paper will recommend a model system for use by China in enforcing the Labor Contract Law.     

China＇s Legal Cultural Traditions and Modern Rule of Law

中国传统社会未将自由与权利概念化并不意味着中国古人无自由与权利。中国传统法律制度在整体上应当被改造、被置换,但并不意味着古人积累的技术智慧与程序艺术不可被承继,更不意味着支撑法文化传统的基于人性又反映中国文化特质的原则可以被抛弃。中国文化传统仍然是我们探讨中国现代法治的逻辑起点。     

Transformation of China＇s Society and Revision of the Criminal Proceedings Code

当今中国各个领域的重大转型都根源于国家与社会的二元化和由此所导致的国家、社会与个人关系的转型,即从“国家、社射个人”模式转向“国家／社会、个人”模式,其实质是从国家本位主义转向社会本位主义和人本主义。中国社会的这一转型导致了刑事诉讼本质观、目的观、价值观、构造观和刑事证明理论的变迁,而这些观念和理论的变迁又反映在《刑事诉讼法》的修改中。     

Research on Risks of China＇s Enterprises＇ Utilizing Foreign Direct Investment - Taking the Failure of Investment Invitation of Bearing Factory in Northwestern China as an Example

利用外资（FDI）并不总能实现理想化的互利共赢局面,这一点在学界研究中国利用外资三十多年的具体实践中已经得到印证。利用外国直接投资设立合资企业的风险表现为合资企业运营过程中特别是合资企业转变为独资企业时对中方投资主体的权益可能造成的影响。在国家进一步优化外商投资环境,吸引外资的背景下,如何维护中方投资主体在合资企业中的合法权益,是值得深入研究的问题。     

Analysis about Identity and Diversity of the Legal Culture in View of ＂One Country Two Systems＂ and Its Embodiment in China： Writing with Formation of the Socialist Legal System of China＇s Characteristics

法律文化的概念外延包括了规范制度形态、意识观念形态、实践活动形态的法律文化。法律体系问题主要属于规范制度形态的法律文化,而法系的问题主要属于意识观念形态和实践活动形态的法律文化。由于实行“一国两制”,在“两岸三地”即中国大陆、香港、澳门和台湾存在着多种法律体系与法系,这是“中国特色”的体现。中国特色社会主义法律体系形成之后,我们还可以在“一国两制”的视野下,继续探讨法律文化的同一性与多样性问题,对中西方法律文化中蕴藏的优秀精神——对法治的崇尚和对统治的信念,通过实践不断地选择,融化成一种崭新的、先进的法律文化体系,将法治精神与民族精神融为一体,建成法治国家。     

On Improvement of China＇s Criminal Legal System for Nuclear Pollution

日本福岛核危机再次表明,核污染一旦发生就危害巨大,因此,核安全保障体系必须奠基于“防患于未然”理念之上。由此观之,我国《刑法》在核污染的应对上尚存诸多缺陷：从形式角度来看,未能与《放射性污染防治法》有效衔接;从实质角度来看,未能突破末端应对中心主义的思维惯性;此外,对于证明行为人主观意图方面的困难也未能有效解决。作为因应,设立核污染源头控制环节的抽象危险犯和过失犯实属必要。     

The Development History of Rule of Law in China and Its Social Power——To commemorate the 82 Constitution promulgated 30 anniversary

我国法治建设虽然经历了风风雨雨的曲折和披荆斩棘的艰难,但总体上廓清了法治天空中的许多迷雾,促使中国开始迈入法治初级阶段.1982宪法在恢复和加强民主法治方面有较大的进步,也存在诸多不足.当前的法治状况还有后退之忧.今后法治建设的目标应当由依法治国上升到依宪治国,建设宪政国家.法治改革的动力主要是来自民间的维权活动和公民社会的发展,与党政内部改革派力量结合,上下互动,政治改革与法治进步才有希望.