BOOK NOTES

Government Service as a Profession, Brisbane, Queensland Regional Group of the Royal Institute of Public Administration, 1978 K. WINDOW, Local Government Reform, Brisbane, Queensland Group of the Royal Institute of Public Administration, 1978 JAMES M. BUCHANAN and RICHARD E. WAGNER, FiscalResponsibility in Constitutional Democracy, Leiden and Boston, Studies in Public Choice, No. I, Martinus Nijhoff, 1978 Y. FORTIN, Le Controle de I'Administration Economique en Grand-Bretagne, Paris, Editions du CNRS, 1978 Ethics in Public Administration: A Bibliography, Canberra, Public Service Board, 1979 R. N. SPANN, Government Administration in Australia, Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1979 COLIN PRITCHARD and RICHARD TAYLOR, Social Work: Reform or Revolution? R. T. GOLEMBIEWSKI and M. COHEN, People in Public Service: A Reader in Public Personnel Administration, Illinois, Peacock Publishers Inc., 1976 CLAUDIA D. SCOTT, Local and Regional Government in New Zealand: Function and Finance R. M. BURNS, Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: Canadian and Australian Experiences, Canberra, The Australian National University Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations, Research Monograph No. 22 1977 ALBERT BRETON and ANTHONY SCOTT, The Economic Consrirurion of Federal Stares, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1978 Bureau of Transport Economics, A Discussion Paper of Transport Planning in Sydney to 1975, Canberra, AGPS, 1978 RUSSELL MATHEWS, Australian Federalism 1977, Canberra, The Australian National University Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations, 1978 RICHARD L. DAFT and SELWYN W. BECKER, Innovarion in Organizations. Innovation Adoption in School Organizations, New York, Elsevier, 1978 RICHARD LEHNE, The Quest for Justice. The Politics of School Finance Reform, New York, Longmans, 1978 JEAN I. MARTIN, The Migrant Presence. Australian Responses 1947–1977, Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, Studies in Society series No. 2, 1978 H. WHITMORE and M. ARONSON, Review of Administrative Action, Sydney, The Law Book Co., 1978 R. A. WILD, Social Strarification in Ausrralia, Sydney, George Allen & Unwin Australia Ltd., Studies in Society series No. 3,1978 ADAM GRAYCAR, Social Policy: An Australian Inrroducrion, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1977 DAVID SOLOMON, Inside rhe Australian Parfiamenr, Sydney, George Allen and Unwin, 1978 J. R. HAY, The Development of rhe British Werfare Srare. 1880–1975, London, Edward Arnold, 1978 INA BERTRAND, Film Censorship in Australia, St. Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1978 BRUCE MUIRDEN, When Power Wenr Public: a Study in Expediency: the nationalisation of the Adelaide Electric Supply Co., Bedford Park, APSA, Politics, Flinders University, 1978 ANDREW LEMON (ed.), Archives Conference Proceedings, 1977, Australian Society of Archivists, P.O. Box 83, O'Connor 2601, 1978 H. C. COOMBS, Kulinma: Listening to Aboriginal Australians, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1979 DIANA CLOSE, LOULA RODOPOULOS, JENNIE M. BRIGGS, and ELISABETH GAWITH, Interviewing Immigrants: Developing Research in the Australian Context, Melbourne, Clearing House on Migration Issues, 1978     

Book Reviews

Duff, Andrew, Reforming the European Union
Duff, Andrew, The Treaty of Amsterdam
Newman, Michael, Democracy, Sovereignty and the European Union
Sperling, James and Kirchner, Emil, Recasting the European Order: Security Architectures and Economic Cooperation
Edwards, Geoffrey and Pijpers, Alfred (eds), The Politics of European Treaty Reform: The 1996 Intergovernmental Conference and Beyond
Salmon, Trevor and Nicoll, Sir William (eds), Building European Union: A Documentary and Historical Analysis
Urban, Michael, Igrunov, Vyacheslav and Mitrokhin, Sergei, The Rebirth of Politics in Russia
Truscott, Peter, Russia First: Breaking with the West
Mandelbaum, Michael (ed), Post Communism: Four Perspectives
Offe, Claus, Varieties of Transition: The East European and East German Experience
Ramsden, John, The Age of Churchill and Eden: The Conservative Party 1840–1957
Ramsden, John, Winds of Change: The Conservative Party 1957–1975
Thorpe, Andrew, A History of the British Labour Party
Francis, Martin, Ideas and Policies under Labour 1945–1951
Foote, Geoffrey , The Labour Party's Political Thought: A History , 3rd edn
Lipow, Arthur, Political Parties and Democracy: Explorations in History and Theory
Khilnani, Sunil, The Idea of India
Strachan, Hew, The Politics of the British Army
Phillips, Melanie, All Must Have Prizes
Evans, Richard J., In Defence of History
Finer, S.E., The History of Government , Volume 1:, Ancient Monarchies and Empires; Volume 2:, The Intermediate Ages
Volume 3:, Empires, Monarchies and the Modern State
Cowling, Maurice, A Conservative Future     

Books: Political Theory and Methodology

Neal Wood, John Locke and Agrarian Capitalism (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1984)
John W. Yolton, Locke: an Introduction (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1985)
N. Tarcov, Locke's Educationfor Liberty (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1984)
F. G. Whelan, Order and Artifice in Hume's Political Philosophy (Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1985)
J. Robertson, The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue (Edinburgh, John Donald, 1985)
J. R. Dinwiddy, (ed.), The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, Volume 6, January 1798 to December 1801 (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1984)
Alvin W. Gouldner, Against Fragmentation: the Origins of Marxism and the Sociology of Zntellectuals (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1985)
Bruce Mazlish, The Meaning of Karl Marx (New York, Oxford University Press, 1984)
Edmond Preteceille and Jean-Pierre Terrail, Capitalism, Consumption and Needs (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1985)
F. R. Dallmayr, Polis and Praxis (Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 1985)
J. L. Talmon, The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution (London, Secker and Warburg, 1980)
L. J. Macfarlane, The Theory and Practice of Human Rights (London, Temple Smith, 1985)
Jeremy Waldron (ed.), Theories of Righfs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1984)
Bill Jordan, The State: Authority and Autonomy (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1985)
Franlin I. Gamwell, Beyond Preference: Liberal Theories of Independent Associations (Chicago, University of Chicago Press)
Ted C. Lewellen, Political Anthropology: an Introduction (South Hadley, Mass., Bergin and Garvey, 1983)
Ilkka Heiskanen and Sakari Hanninen (eds), Exploring the Basis of Politics (The Finnish Political Science Association, 1983)
Christopher G. A. Bryant, Positivism in Social Theory and Research (London, Macmillan, 1985)     

Spatial Econometric Models of Cross-Sectional Interdependence in Political Science Panel and Time-Series-Cross-Section Data

Jude C. Hays Department of Political Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801 e-mail: jchays{at}uiuc.edu e-mail: franzese{at}umich.edu (corresponding author) In this paper, we demonstrate the econometric consequences ofdifferent specification and estimation choices in the analysisof spatially interdependent data and show how to calculate andpresent spatial effect estimates substantively. We considerfour common estimators—nonspatial OLS, spatial OLS, spatial2SLS, and spatial ML. We examine analytically the respectiveomitted-variable and simultaneity biases of nonspatial OLS andspatial OLS in the simplest case and then evaluate the performanceof all four estimators in bias, efficiency, and SE accuracyterms under more realistic conditions using Monte Carlo experiments.We provide empirical illustration, showing how to calculateand present spatial effect estimates effectively, using dataon European governments' active labor market expenditures. Ourmain conclusions are that spatial OLS, despite its simultaneity,performs acceptably under low-to-moderate interdependence strengthand reasonable sample dimensions. Spatial 2SLS or spatial MLmay be advised for other conditions, but, unless interdependenceis truly absent or minuscule, any of the spatial estimatorsunambiguously, and often dramatically, dominates on all threecriteria the nonspatial OLS commonly used currently in empiricalwork in political science. Authors' note: This research was supported in part by NationalScience Foundation grant no. 0318045. We thank Chris Achen,Jim Alt, Kenichi Ariga, Neal Beck, Jake Bowers, Kerwin Charles,Bryce Corrigan, Tom Cusack, David Darmofal, Jakob de Haan, JohnDinardo, Zach Elkins, John Freeman, Fabrizio Gilardi, KristianGleditsch, Mark Hallerberg, John Jackson, Aya Kachi, JonathanKatz, Mark Kayser, Achim Kemmerling, Gary King, Hasan Kirmanoglu,James Kuklinski, Tse-Min Lin, Xiaobo Lu, Walter Mebane, CovadongaMeseguer, Michael Peress, Thomas Pluemper, Dennis Quinn, MeganReif, Frances Rosenbluth, Ken Scheve, Phil Schrodt, Beth Simmons,Duane Swank, Wendy Tam Cho, Craig Volden, Michael Ward, andGregory J. Wawro for useful comments on this and/or other workin our broader project on spatial econometric models in politicalscience. Bryce Corrigan, Aya Kachi, and Xiaobo Lu each providedexcellent research assistance and Kristian Gleditsch, Mark Hallerberg,and Duane Swank also generously shared data. We alone are responsiblefor any errors.     

Books: Comparative Politics and Area Studies

R. Banton, P. Clifford, S. Frosh, J. Lousada and J. Rosenthal, The Politics of Mental Health (London, Macmillan, 1985)
T. Forester (ed.), The Information Technology Revolution (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1985
Philip Green, Retrieving Democracy: in Search of Civic Equality (Totawa, N. J., Rowman & Allanheid 1985)
Joseph J. Houska, Influencing Mass Political Behaviour: Elites and Political Subcultures in the Netherlands and Austria (Berkeley, Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1985)
R. Kuhn (ed.), The Politics of Broadcasting (Beckenham, Croorn Helm, 1984)
G. E. Lang and K. Lang, Politics and Television Reviewed (Berkeley, Sage, 1984)
A. Organski, J. Kugler, J. Johnson and Y. Cohen, Births, Deaths and Taxes (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1984)
W. E. Styler, Adult Education and Political Systems (Nottingham, Publications Unit, Department of Adult Education, University of Nottingham, 1985)
David Robertson, A Dictionary of Modern Politics (London, Europa Publications, 1985)
J. T. Morley, Secular Socialists: The CCF/NDP in Ontario , A Biography (Toronto, McCill-Queen's University Press, 1984)
H. S. Parmet, JFK: the Presidency of John F. Kennedy (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1984)
R. H. K. Vietor, Energy Policy in America Since 1945 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985)
G. T. Mazuzan and J. S. Walker, Controlling the Atom (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1984)
A. Figueroa, Capitalist Development and the Peasant Economy in Peru (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984)
Harvey B. Feigenbaum, The Politics of Public Enterprise: Oil and the French State (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1985)
Eckhard Jesse, Wahlrecht zwischen Kontinuitat und Reform 1949–1983 (Dusseldorf, Droste, 1985)
H. Lydall, Yugoslav Socialism: Theory and Practice (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1984)     

青少年的科学素质发展状况实证分析

连续四年,在三项大型连续调查的基础上,本研究分析了青少年的科学素质发展现状,主要包括以下六个方面的内容:(1)不同群体对青少年科学素质的评价;(2)青少年对科学精神与科学行为的自我评价;(3)不同群体对青少年动手实践能力的评价(4)青少年时科学相关问题的态度(5)青少年对科学常识的了解程度(6)青少年对迷信的态度。     

Book Reviews

David J. Smith and Gerald Chambers, Inequality in Northern Ireland (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991)
Wolfgang Rüdig (ed.), Green Politics One: 1990 (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1990)
Edward M. Spiers, Chemical Weaponry: a Continuing Challenge (Basingstoke, Macmillan 1989)
Thomas Stock and Ronald Sutherland (eds), National Implementation of the Future Chemical Weapons Convention (Oxford, Oxford University Press/SIPRI, 1990)
Susan Wright (ed.), Preventing a Biological Arms Race (Cambridge, MA and London, The MIT Press, 1990)
Hubert M. Blalock, Jr, Power and Conflict: Toward a General Theory (London, Sage, 1989)
Kenneth E. Boulding, Three Faces of Power (London, Sage, 1989)
Agnes Heller and Ferenc Feher, The Postmodern Political Condition (Oxford, Polity Press, 1988)
Andrew Milner, Philip Thompson and Chris Worth (eds), Postmodern Conditions (New York, Oxford and Munich, Berg, 1990)
Jonathan Boston and Martin Holland (eds), The Fourth Labour Government: Radical Politics in New Zealand (Auckland, Oxford University Press, 1987)
Martin Myant, The Czechoslovak Economy 1948-1988: the Battle for Economic Reform (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989)
Ivan T. Berend, The Hungarian Economic Reforms 1953-1988 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990) x + 347 pp., |SL40.00 ISBN 0 521 38037 5.     

Gentle Savages and Fierce Citizens against Civilization: Unraveling Rousseau's Paradoxes

Rousseau seems to argue, on one hand, that moderns are luxurious, lazy, weak, and soft, in opposition to primitive hardiness, vigor, ferocity, and rustic virtue. On the other hand, he depicts modern life as cruel, frenzied, competitive, and harsh, in opposition to primitive gentleness, idleness, abundance, and spontaneity. Is Rousseau, then, simply an imaginative ideologue, forwarding wildly opposed and oscillating characterizations of these eras, merely to be contrarian? This article attempts to demonstrate a degree of coherence in his analyses, by focusing on the various sociopolitical contexts he discusses, and the various moral characterizations and norms which apply to each of these contexts. Building upon a half‐century of interpretations, it offers an innovative logical typology of Rousseau's social thought—in terms of social complexity, environmental resources, and normative foundation—which may explain many of his central paradoxes.     

Big decisions and a culture of decisionmaking

“Big” decisions are defined as discontinuous, abrupt, and unique, in contrast to “little” decisions, which are marginal, commensurable, and additive. We can model big decisions, as well as a wider range of little decisions, if we enlarge our notion of decisionmaking to include legal interpretation, rites-of-passage ritual and conversion experience, heroic leadership, critical judgment of works of literature and art, and entrepreneurship. These models are exemplary of a more encompassing “culture of decisionmaking,” involving six practices: marginalism, untouchableness, gaps, action, judgment, and entrepreneurship. Although big decisions may often be reduced to sets of little decisions, when a decision is treated as big it becomes a powerful mode of initiation, commitment, and justification of a project.     

国学与和合学

当今,人类共同面临的是一个病态的世界,是一个充满着错综复杂的冲突和危机的世界。概而言之,人与自然、社会、人际、心灵、文明之间的冲突带来生态、社会、道德、精神和信仰以及价值危机。人类的这些病态不是在减少,而是在扩大,世界上任何地区、国家、民族、宗教以至个人,都在深受其害。依据中华民族五千多年来特别丰富的国学人文资源,以及人与自然、社会、人际、心灵、文明之间交往所积累的宝贵经验和智慧主体卓越的洞见,可以提出国学和合学的和生、和处、和立、和达、和爱五大原理,作为化解人类病态、建构和谐世界的基本原理。     

专业学会在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情应对为例

与一般危机事件相比,突发公共卫生事件具有突发性、高度专业性、未知性、群体性、社会性以及应对协同性等特征。在现代化治理体系中,专业学会作为突发公共卫生事件应急管理的重要补充力量,应当发挥专业优势、组织协调优势、凝聚精神等优势,在疾病的预测、健康科普、组织动员、心理干预等方面发挥积极作用。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Brown, Alice, McCrone, David and Paterson, Lindsay, Politics and Society in Scotland
Brown, Alice, McCrone, David, Paterson, Lindsay and Surridge, Paul, The Scottish Electorate: The 1997 General Election and Beyond
Clark, Ian and Berridge, John, Scotland Votes: The General Election 1997 in Scotland
Elcock, Howard and Keating, Michael (ed.), Remaking the Union: Devolution and British Politics in the 1990s
Harvie, Christopher, Scotland and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics 1707 to the Present
Paterson, Lindsay (ed.), A Diverse Assembly: The Debate on a Scottish Parliament
MacDonald, Catriona M. M. (ed.), Unionist Scotland 1800–1997
Cesarani, David, Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind
O'Brien, Conor Cruise, Memoir: My Life and Themes
Heffer, Simon, Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell
Bentley, Tom, Learning Beyond the Classroom
Hahn, Carole, Becoming Political: Comparative Perspectives on Citizenship Education
Barnett, Anthony and Scruton, Roger (eds), Town and Country
Tindall, Frank, Memoirs and Confessions of a County Planning Officer
Campbell, Alan, Fishman, Nina and Howell, David (eds), Miners, Unions and Politics, 1910–47     

Books: International Relations

D. Allen and A. Pijpers (eds), European Foreign Policy-Making and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1984)
Sydney D. Bailey (ed.), The Making of Resolution 242 (Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1985
David Howard Bain, Sitting in Darkness, Americans in the Philippines (Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1984
C. Coker, The Future of the Atlantic Alliance (London, Macmillan, with the Royal United Services Institute, 1985)
C. Rose, Campaigns Against Western Defence (London, Macmillan, with the Royal United Services Institute, 1985)
G. R. Berridge and A. Jennings (eds), Diplomacy at the UN (London, Macmillan, 1958)
John Burton, Global Conflict: The Domestic Sources of International Crisis (Brighton, Wheatsheaf Books for The Center for International Development, University of Maryland, 1984)
B. J. C. Kercher and D. J. Moss (eds), Shadow and Substance in British Foreign Policy 1895–1939 (Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1984)
D. Holloway and J. M. 0. Sharp (eds), The Warsaw Pact (London, Macmillan, 1984)
W. R. Louis, The British Empire in the Middle East 1945–1951: Arab Nationalism, The United States, and Postwar Imperialism (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1984)
Brian Murphy, The World Wired Up: Unscrambling the New Communications Puzzle (London, Comedia, 1983)
Steve Smith (ed.), International Relations: British and American Perspectives (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, in association with the British International Studies Association, 1985)
I. Wallerstein, The Politics of the World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984)     

Demo-speci-ocracy

Rapidly growing interdependence of government policy decisionmaking and multiplying varieties of specialized knowledge, on the one hand, and continuing decline in democracy due to increasing distances between voter and the effective act of deciding, on the other, pressure political scientists to devise a more adequate system. Demospeciocracy proposes integration of both democratic and scientific values in a multi-leveled system. After discussing six assumed principles, the article presents nine different, but interdependent, agencies needed for the system: initiators, steerers, researchers, informers, examiners, voting supervisors, planners, judges, and administrators, and concludes with suggestions about how to introduce them.     

Assessing faculty research productivity in graduate public policy programs

This study assesses the faculty research productivity of 23 graduate public policy programs, and is based upon data from the Social Sciences Citations Index. The results clearly show that a handful of policy programs have outstanding research records: UC Berkeley, Princeton, Michigan, Chicago, Duke, Carnegie-Mellon, Rand, Syracuse, and, of course, Harvard. Most of the rest also have quite commendable records by this criterion.Inquiries regarding this study should be addressed to Professor Fred Thompson, Graduate Program in Public Policy and Administration, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, where Michael Farber is currently a second-year student. Patricia Powers graduated in 1983 and is currently employed by ICF in Washington, D.C.     

中日韩高中生的身心健康:指标、现状及影响因素

本研究从高中生身心良好状态的前提条件入手,构建出高中生的身心健康指标体系,并运用2010年中日韩三国高中生调查数据,分析三国高中生身心健康的现状和影响因素。结果表明:三国高中生的总体状况处于中等水平,运动和睡眠难以保障;国别、学校类型、年级和学业成绩都会显著影响高中生的身心健康状况。     

Left docudrama 2004

Ernst Bloch, the principle of hope (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 198$).

Ernst Bloch, natural law and human dignity (Cambridge, Massachusetts: the MIT Press, 1986).

Steven Lukes, marxism and morality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).

Nancy S. Love, marx, nietzsche, and modernity (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).

Michael E. Brown, the production of society—a Marxian foundation for social theory (Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman &; Littlefield, 1986).

William DiFazio, longshoremen—community and resistance on the Brooklyn waterfront, introduction by Stanley Aronowitz (South Hadley: Bergin &; Garvey, 1985).

Adam Przeworski and John Sprague, paper stones, a history of electoral socialism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986).

Noam Chomsky, turning the tide: U.S. intervention in central America and the struggle for peace (Boston: South End Press, 1985).

John Gerassi, the premature antifascists: north American volunteers In The Spanish civil war, 1936–1939: an oral history (New York and Westport, CT: Praeger, 1986).     

解读童真鲁迅

鲁迅其人其作,历来研究者甚多,然而就其童真童心一面作出解读的甚少,本文就此话题进行分析。文章主要分四个部分:一、父与子;二、走出曲解;三、救救孩子;四、童心童趣。如果说,前期的青年鲁迅还一门心思地认为只有新生的、孩童的、青年的世界才是纯真无瑕的世界的话,那么随着碰壁的到来,他逐渐清醒地认识到,在一个腐朽崩颓的世界中,即使是孩子,也会受到污染,也会变成他深恶痛绝的那一类人。救救孩子,保持童心童真,这不仅是鲁迅当年的呼声,也是当代的现实问题之一。     

Shorter note

US Senate Hearings before the Select Committee on Intelligence, 102nd Congress, First Session on the Nomination of Robert M. Gates to be Director of Central Intelligence: Vol. 1, September 16, 17, 19, 20 1991; Vol.2, September 24, October 1, 2 1991; Vol.3, October 3, 4, 18 1991 (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1992).     

以科学发展观为引领在构建和谐校园中创新大学生思想政治教育

大学生思想政治教育具有宣传、激励、调节、育人、导向功能,在构建和谐校园中起着关键性作用。在新时期新形势下,构建和谐高校校园,要求大学生思想政治教育工作要以科学发展观为引领,坚持以人为本,在观念、机制、内容、形式、方法、队伍等方面积极创新,才能不断适应新情况、解决新问题,推动构建和谐高校校园目标的实现。