Rating the prison boss: Examining supervision among prison health care staff

Health care staff are instrumental in prisons given their roles in aiding security and the growing demand for medical services among prisoners. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to this prison staff subpopulation. This study examined perceptions of supervision among 424 prison health care staff in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Participants felt that prison supervisors were most effective in clarifying expectations and least effective in giving feedback for performance, involving staff in planning, and extending job autonomy. Using hierarchical linear models (HLM), some unique findings emerged. Efficacy in dealing with inmates was the strongest predictor variable: health care staff who felt more positive and effective with inmates had more favorable feelings toward supervision. Staff working in high- and medium-security prisons had more positive feelings toward supervision than those in minimum security, and younger staff had more favorable attitudes toward supervisors than older staff. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Physical restraint and the therapeutic relationship

The role of the forensic mental health nurse has led to many debates due to the conflicts between security and therapeutic aspects of their role. Physical restraint is a security element of the role which may have an impact on their ability to work therapeutically with patients. This study examined the impact of physical restraint on the nursing staff–patient therapeutic relationship. This was investigated in a secure unit in the North of England. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients across the service, and thematic analysis was undertaken. Five themes were identified from the data which highlighted the impact of the physical restraint as a power imbalance, the experience as traumatic, the importance of justification, the negative attributes and motives of some staff and the impact of coping with powerlessness. Clinical implications and research recommendations are discussed further in this article.     

驻马店:一个三线城市的抗疫样本

患者零死亡,医护人员零感染,抢救成功率100%沿京广高铁线,从河南驻马店高铁西站南下,全程一小时零几分钟即可到达武汉火车站。尽管不与湖北省接壤,但驻马店两大火车站——驻马店火车站和驻马店高铁西站,均归属武汉铁路局管辖。     

Security level and adjustment patterns in juvenile institutions

The security level of coeducational juvenile correctional institutions in the United States influences residents' adherence to the peer culture in ways similar to those found in inmate codes within adult correctional institutions. This study, based on a survey of 515 residents in five training schools in one southeastern state, shows that adherence to the peer culture is greatest within the maximum and minimum security institutions. Elements examined in this study pertaining to peer culture include informant activity among peers, aggression toward peers, distrust of staff, manipulation of staff, and aggression toward staff.     

Effects of increased security on prison violence

Stricter security measures were inaugurated in California institutions in an attempt to reduce violence inside the prisons. This study examines the consequences of the altered policies, using stabbing rates of assaults by inmates on staff members to compare violence levels in the institutions before and after tighter security was imposed. A significant decline in the rate of total stabbings was noted, as well as significant changes in stabbing patterns within the institutions. However, despite the tighter security measures, no significant decrease occurred in the rates of either fatal stabbings or assaults by inmates on staff. Population increases, crowding, lack of exercise, changing characteristics of the inmate population, attachment of the violent label, the nature of security housing, and the inability of correctional officials to control inmates are discussed as possible influences on institutional violence.     

河南公安信息化建设研究

河南省公安机关紧紧围绕公安信息化引领实战的本质要求,加快信息化建设步伐,在信息化应用方面做出了积极有益的实践和探索,但在应用水平、实战效果、系统建设、专业队伍等方面还需完善提高,结合目前河南公安信息化工作现状和存在的主要问题,共同探讨推进信息化建设的若干对策。     

Staff physicians, interns and residents, and hospital volunteers: are they protected from employment discrimination?

Traditional notions of the employment relationship between a hospital and its volunteers, residents, interns, and physicians having staff privileges are not decisive in determining whether the worker is protected from unlawful employment discrimination. Instead, hospital executives and attorneys must look to the totality of the circumstances of the work relationship in order to make this determination. Hospital volunteers are usually not protected by Title VII, but under some circumstances they may be; residents and interns are probably always protected; and physicians seeking staff privileges probably are protected, if the denial of staff privileges interferes with the physician's employment relationship with his or her direct employer, or if the granting of staff privileges to those who served in the hospital's residency program is a well-established routine practice, regularly followed by the hospital.     

构建新型校园安全防控体系的思考

学校安全是公共安全的重要组成部分,学校安全保卫工作事关师生人身安全和学校的财产安全,事关教育改革、发展、稳定大局。由于校园由封闭型向半封闭型、开放型的发展,校园人数的增多,保卫组织不健全,管理制度不落实等原因,造成校园的暴力型犯罪、火灾、爆炸、中毒等安全问题呈上升蔓延趋势。构建新型的校园安全防控系统,建立校园安全工作的长效机制是当前各级政府、学校亟待研究和解决的新课题。     

浅析人员反应对火灾风险评估的影响

通过探讨人员反应可能对火灾发生造成的影响及分析安全人员采取行动的起始时间分布,给出一种考虑人员反应的风险评估方法的基本框架并分析其优劣,表明了定量考虑人员反应的可能性。对于进一步发展风险评估方法具有借鉴意义。     

对公安院校课程建设的思考

课程建设是高校教学工作中的一个重要环节。课程建设需要良好的教学条件和优秀的师资队伍，提高质量意识、加强科学研究是课程建设的必然选择。就公安院校来看，课程建设质量在一定程度上对公安教育效益有决定性作用。公安院校的课程建设与其它高校相比还有一定的差距，有待继续努力。     

Least restrictive practice: its role in patient independence and recovery

One of the five overarching principles of the Mental Health Act: Code of Practice is to provide patients with care and treatment which is least restrictive whilst encouraging recovery and promoting independence. However, there is limited research which explores the application of these principles within a medium secure unit. The aims of the research were to explore what are patient’s experiences of least restrictive practices and to what extent do they perceive that least restrictive practices maximise their independence and recovery. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 12 male inpatients within a medium secure unit. Five themes were evident: Positive Changes, Perceived Lack of Transparency, Social Isolation, Institutionalisation and Normality. It was found that patient’s perceived that there was lack of shared understanding between staff and patients of what is considered least restrictive. Patient recovery was promoted through positive risk-taking, the reduction in the use of seclusion and through the promotion of meaningful activities that resembled life in the community. Nevertheless, patients perceived that there was a lack of opportunities to socialise with patients from other wards. Due to the security level of the hospital patients perceived that independence was not achievable.     

意思表示错误效力比较研究

意思表示错误应具有何种法律效力,因涉及表意人的意思自治与相对人合理信赖的风险分担,而成为民法中最为棘手的难点问题。各国立法对意思表示错误制度的效力设计,出现静态安全相对保护主义与动态安全相对保护主义两种立法方案。基于权利制衡的基本宗旨,可以得知静态安全相对保护的立法模式较为可采,但应辅之以表意人撤销权要件及损害赔偿责任等诸多限制。     

关于进一步规范精神疾病司法鉴定执业活动的几点思考

精神疾病司法鉴定问题一直以来备受公众责难,处理不好将影响社会公共安全和秩序,并对精神疾病患者的合法权益造成损害。解决此问题的关键是要认清精神疾病司法鉴定的特点,进一步规范精神疾病司法鉴定的执业活动,并在此基础之上正确厘清审判职能与鉴定功能的关系,以确保精神疾病司法鉴定活动的顺利进行。     

食品安全问题引发的社会矛盾分析及其法律规制

近年来食品安全事件层出不穷,食品安全问题已成为备受关注的社会问题,并由此引发了诸多社会矛盾.这些社会矛盾具有普遍性、主体多元性、持久隐性与偶发性相结合等特点.食品问题社会矛盾的增加一方面是社会转型期的必然产物,而法律体系不健全,执法体制不完善则是根本原因.因此,解决矛盾的关键因素在于完善食品安全监管法律体系.     

Gang activity in english prisons: The staff perspective

Abstract

Gang behaviour has been associated with serious problems in American prisons (e.g., Fong and Buentello, 1991). This study explored the possible existence of indicators of gang activity in English prisons. Surveys of problems consistent with gang activity were completed by 374 prison staff in 16 prisons that were representative of the English Prison Estate. Results showed significant differences between categories of institution. The most gang-related activity was reported in male Medium security prisons and Young Offender Institutions. The lowest reported incidence was in both male Low and High security prisons. Female establishments demonstrated levels lower only than Medium security male prisons. Discussion focuses concern on the levels of gang activity apparently present in the Medium security English Prisons and suggests directions for further research.     

Data protection act 1984: Security and accuracy of data

What is clear is that under the Act it is the responsibility of individual staff using and controlling data day to day to ensure that security and accuracy are maintained. The common practice of leaving printout in accessible areas where unauthorised persons may consult them is clearly in breach of the Act. Data users will also have to adjust to a less casual approach to some of their basic data, as well as maintaining a more disciplined attitude to obviously sensitive information.     

Same Difference: The “Dilemma of Difference” and the Incarceration of Transgender Prisoners

This article examines the “dilemma of difference” transgender prisoners pose and face within a sex‐segregated prison system organized around the pursuit of safety and security. Our analysis uses data from a study of the culture and experiences of transgender prisoners in four men's prisons. Using qualitative data from interviews with transgender prisoners, focus groups with prisoners, and focus groups with staff, our findings reveal a common contention that transgender prisoners are (according to staff) and should be (according to prisoners) treated like everyone else, despite their unique situations. This further demonstrates the stakes that this dilemma carries for the prison regime and transgender prisoners’ roles in challenging it without engaging in overt resistance—which carries high stakes for them. Accordingly, we elucidate how the rigidity of an institutional structure built on inherent contradictions can have the potential to complicate the achievement of institutional goals.     

Building a Reputation on National Security: The Impact of Stereotypes Related To Gender and Military Experience

In a post‐9/11 world, all senators must establish their national security credentials with voters. Yet senators do not compete for leadership on an equal basis. Through an analysis of bill sponsorship, Sunday talk show appearances, and interviews with Senate staff, I demonstrate that defense policy is made in a partisan and gendered context. Gender stereotypes favoring male defense leadership create an additional hurdle for women, particularly Democratic women, as they seek to establish their reputations on security. By contrast, a record of military service facilitates senators' efforts to achieve action on their proposals and gain media attention for their views.     

Service v. Security Focus in Training Assessments

ABSTRACT

As jails have moved to professionalize their staffs the role of the correctional officer has become broader in scope and now encompasses both service and security functions. However, some research suggests that female correctional staff may have more of a “service” orientation than males. In our analysis of one dataset from exclusively women's jail facilities we investigate correctional officer preferences for training (service v. security) to see if they differ by gender. We find that both male and female correctional officers generally rank service type training over security and that they differ little in their overall assessment of initial training provided and usefulness of in-service training. We also find that minority officers may be more likely to value service training than their nonminority counterparts.