Civil Society,Environmental Security and Knowledge: Forest Governance in Thailand and the Philippines in the Context of ASEAN

In the domain of environmental security, it appears that a strong civil society, one with strong social ingenuity and social capital, is a necessary condition not only for environmental security, but also for regional security in general. This paper will argue that in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), much can be learned from the empirical experiences of Thailand and the Philippines that have established records of accomplishment in civil society participation in forest governance. Also discussed is the possible role of epistemic communities both within these countries as well as across countries in the ASEAN in harnessing institutions of knowledge to influence domestic and regional governance of forest resources.     

技术侦查中的通讯截取:制度选择与程序规制——以英国法为分析对象

英国作为典型的英美法系国家却在通讯截收制度上丢弃了欧美普遍实行的司法令状主义,在秉承传统侦查秘密观念下实行"行政令状"制度。该制度在受到欧洲人权法院败诉后逐渐构建了相对完备的通讯截收监督制度体系。我国技术侦查的内控模式与英国的行政令状制度极为相似,尽管2012年修改的《刑事诉讼法》将其法定化,但因未合理、清晰地指明侦查机关行使决定权的程序及适用的种类而不具有完全的"法律样态"。在我国现有的司法体制下,完善技术侦查制度不仅需要吸收英国法的教训,还要借鉴有益经验进一步构建技术侦查"必要性和最后性"的动态监督制度、获取证据材料作为定案根据的辩护制度以及向人大报告制度,在制度约束和程序控制上体现规制的严格性。     

Measuring criminal justice technology outputs: The case of Title III wiretap productivity, 1987-2005

This analysis considers outputs produced by Title III electronic wiretaps. Based on 1987-2005 data, wiretap productivity is assessed by examining the number of wiretaps, places wiretaps are installed, numbers of people whose communications are intercepted, the number of intercepted communications, the number of communications labeled incriminating, the arrests and convictions linked to wiretaps, and the relationships among arrests and convictions. Wiretapping is focused mostly on narcotics violations. The numbers of people, interceptions, and incriminating interceptions increased. One-fifth of intercepted communications were classified as incriminating. Incriminating information is linked to arrests and convictions that unfold over time. The more people intercepted, the more arrests result, but convictions decline over time. Arrests are driven by the number of intercepted persons. Convictions are driven by the number of incriminating interceptions. Two simultaneous but opposing operations were in place by 2005: big increases in the number of intercepted communications in 2003 through 2005; and by 2005, overall declines in the measured productivity of wiretaps.     

试论我国公务员社会保障制度改革

随着我国经济、政治改革的深入以及公务员制度的完善,健全公务员社会保障制度已势在必行。笔者在分析公务员社会保障制度现状的基础上,具体提出了我国公务员养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险等制度改革的一些探索性建议。     

A Robust Approach to Automatically Locating Grooves in 3D Bullet Land Scans

Land engraved areas (LEAs) provide evidence to address the same source–different source problem in forensic firearms examination. Collecting 3D images of bullet LEAs requires capturing portions of the neighboring groove engraved areas (GEAs). Analyzing LEA and GEA data separately is imperative to accuracy in automated comparison methods such as the one developed by Hare et al. (Ann Appl Stat 2017;11, 2332). Existing standard statistical modeling techniques often fail to adequately separate LEA and GEA data due to the atypical structure of 3D bullet data. We developed a method for automated removal of GEA data based on robust locally weighted regression (LOESS). This automated method was tested on high-resolution 3D scans of LEAs from two bullet test sets with a total of 622 LEA scans. Our robust LOESS method outperforms a previously proposed “rollapply” method. We conclude that our method is a major improvement upon rollapply, but that further validation needs to be conducted before the method can be applied in a fully automated fashion.     

The two judgments of the European Court of Justice in the four cases of Privacy International,La Quadrature du Net and Others,French Data Network and Others and Ordre des Barreaux francophones et germanophone and Others: The Grand Chamber is trying hard to square the circle of data retention

On 6 October 2020, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice rendered two landmark judgments in Privacy International, La Quadrature du Net and Others, French Data Network and Others as well as Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone and Others. The Grand Chamber confirmed that EU law precludes national legislation which requires a provider of electronic communications services to carry out the general and indiscriminate transmission or retention of traffic data and location data for the purpose of combating crime in general or of safeguarding national security.In situations where a Member State is facing a serious threat to national security which proves to be genuine and present or foreseeable, such State may however derogate from the obligation to ensure the confidentiality of data relating to electronic communications by requiring, by way of legislative measures, the general and indiscriminate retention of this data for a period which is limited in time to what is strictly necessary but which may be extended if the threat persists.¹ In respect of combating serious crime and preventing serious threats to public security, a Member State may also provide for the targeted retention of this data and its expedited retention. Such an interference with fundamental rights must be accompanied by effective safeguards and be reviewed by a court or by an independent administrative authority. It is likewise open to a Member State to carry out a general and indiscriminate retention of IP addresses assigned to the source of a communication where the retention period is limited to what is strictly necessary or even to carry out a general and indiscriminate retention of data relating to the civil identity of users of means of electronic communication. In the latter case, the retention is not subject to a specific time limit.     

论税收的民事保护

税收是以民事主体的经济活动为对象课赋和征收的,此类经济活动首先应为民商法所规律,因此,税收与民事法律密切相关。从公法的角度,结合私法的理念,以“公法之债”、税收优先权、税收代位权、税收撤销权和税收担保制度为切入点,对税收的民事保护进行系统的研究,以期对我国的税收理论与实践有所裨益。     

Building institutional capacity: knowledge production for transnational security governance in Mexico

ABSTRACT

This article engages with institutionalist knowledge production in US-Mexican security relations, demonstrating how anti-crime governance in the Americas has shifted from a heavy-handed military rationale to a good governance and civil society–centred approach. This shift has been facilitated by the newly emerging resilience discourse which advocates turning local communities from passive beneficiaries of government-sponsored law enforcement into pro-active security partners. It will be argued that the rise of good governance and society-centred policy thinking has enhanced the epistemic authority of a heterogeneous, but ideologically aligned set of human rights advocacy groups, think tanks, policy-oriented academics and for-profit development NGOs – both in Mexico and the United States. This transnational expert community has been instrumental in inserting the issue of drug-related violent crime in Mexico into a globally dominant statebuilding framework. In consequence, security governance in Mexico has taken on a more transnational character and become the object of a highly intrusive international monitoring regime.     

视频安防监控系统的法律规制原则研究

视频安防监控系统正得到广泛的运用,同时其使用对公民权利也产生了影响。通过对国内外立法、判例中就视频安防监控系统的使用对公民权利的规定的分析,提出视频安防监控系统法律规制的基本原则即公共利益本位原则、职权法定原则、行政正当原则,为当前的立法和执法实践提供参考。     

人权保障与我国民诉法的修改

以人权保障为我国民事诉讼法修改的基本指导思想,既是中国民诉法现代化和履行国际公约义务的需要,也是现实中国人权保障和民诉法自身完善的需要。而在民诉法的修改完善中要全面贯穿人权保障的思想,就应当从立法规定上适当扩大民事诉讼的受案范围;充分保障当事人诉权的正当行使;以及扩大当事人在诉讼中的合意选择权。     

国际民商法论纲

随着经济全球化的不断发展和国际民商事交往的日益扩大,国际民商法已经成为国际法中一个新的独立的法律部门。它是国际社会民商事交往的产物,反过来,它的形成又必将促进国际民商事交往的进一步发展。     

加强我国食品安全工作的思考

本文对《食品安全法》实施以来全国食品安全形势进行分析,指出当前我国食品安全存在的主要问题,提出了加强食品安全工作的五项具体措施：大力开展食品安全宣传教育活动;加紧制定完善各级各类食品安全标准并切实贯彻执行;完善食品安全监管系统,强化对食品安全的全程监督;建立食品安全风险监测、评估、预警制度;加强对食品安全源头监管。     

论李贺诗歌的生命主题及其构成

从生命角度剖析李贺 ,其诗歌集中体现了诗人对生活价值、生命本体、生存状态等重大问题所持的强烈的忧患意识和不懈的探索精神 ,在人生的选择、情感的宣泄、自然的慰藉和人世的关怀等几个方面 ,均表现出鲜活的生命特征     

Patient safety and quality improvement. Notice of proposed rulemaking

This document proposes regulations to implement certain aspects of the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005 (Patient Safety Act). The proposed regulations establish a framework by which hospitals, doctors, and other health care providers may voluntarily report information to Patient Safety Organizations (PSOs), on a privileged and confidential basis, for analysis of patient safety events. The proposed regulations also outline the requirements that entities must meet to become PSOs and the processes for the Secretary to review and accept certifications and to list PSOs. In addition, the proposed regulation establishes the confidentiality protections for the information that is assembled and developed by providers and PSOs, termed "Patient safety work product" by the Patient Safety Act, and the procedures for the imposition of civil money penalties for the knowing or reckless impermissible disclosure of patient safety work product.     

意思表示错误效力比较研究

意思表示错误应具有何种法律效力,因涉及表意人的意思自治与相对人合理信赖的风险分担,而成为民法中最为棘手的难点问题。各国立法对意思表示错误制度的效力设计,出现静态安全相对保护主义与动态安全相对保护主义两种立法方案。基于权利制衡的基本宗旨,可以得知静态安全相对保护的立法模式较为可采,但应辅之以表意人撤销权要件及损害赔偿责任等诸多限制。     

社会治安情报监控浅析

社会治安情报监控是开放性社会环境下，公安机关全面、准确、及时掌握社会动态和治安状况，预防、发现、精确打击违法犯罪活动，维护社会治安稳定的重要手段。它通过收集和分析有关重点人员、重要场所等方面的情报信息，实现对监控对象自动发现、自动预警、轨迹跟踪、动态管控的目标。其工作流程，既是对监控对象实施“排查-监视-处置”的过程，也是情报信息“规划-收集-研判-反馈”的循环过程。吸毒人员动态管控是社会治安情报监控的具体实例，做好吸毒人员信息的采集、审核、维护及应用，是吸毒人员动态管控机制正常运行的根本保障。     

15 years later: Post 9/11 support for increased security and criminalizing muslims

Islamophobia appears to be growing, becoming a mainstream ideology in the United States. Despite the current spike in anti-Islamic sentiment and fear of the Islamic “other,” these ideas are not new and can be traced back to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Using survey data collected only months after the attacks (N = 422), this study uses an integrated threat framework to examine predictors of public support for increased security in the United States. The results show that perceived personal threat and support for policies that criminalize Muslims predict support for security policies that compromise civil liberties. This is especially true among older individuals, conservatives, individuals less inclined towards individual freedom, and those living in the Northeast or in the South.     

抵押物转让价金物上代位性研究

传统民法上 ,抵押人处分权制度设计的目的在于充分发挥抵押物的使用价值 ,使抵押物物尽其用 ,并实现抵押物交易价值的最大化。抵押权的追及力与抵押物出卖价金的物上代位性作为抵押权人享有的权利 ,目的在于为抵押债权提供信用担保 ,保护抵押债权的安全、实现资金的融通。现行制度体系对抵押权人的利益保护过甚 ,而对于抵押人与买受人的保护相对薄弱 ,导致平等的权利人之间利益失衡。我国担保法应当引入权利衡平机制 ,赋予买受人以物上代位权 ,谋求各权利人之间的利益平衡 ,保障交易安全实现抵押物使用价值及交易价值的最大化     

论民事权利的剥夺

以我国现实事实剥夺民事权利的现象为例,本文从比较法的角度对普通人和罪犯哪些民事权利可以剥夺进行了探讨,并提出了民事权利剥夺的程序保障和被非法剥夺时相应的司法救济程序。笔者认为:普通公民必须经司法判决才能剥夺民事权利、被判处监禁时的某些民事权利的当然剥夺、在押期间经司法裁判才能恢复被当然剥夺的各种民事权利。     

禁止流质约款之合理性反思

流质约款是指民商主体当事人之间在有关物的担保合同中约定的,于债务人到期未能清偿债务时即由担保权人取得所约定的担保物的所有权的条款。流质约款为国内外多数担保立法明确禁止,亦为我国民商法学界所否定。但是反观民商法理论上有关禁止流质约款的理由,却存在着诸多让人难以信服和与现实生活的悖谬之处,其立法规定也缺乏有力根据。我国的物权立法对流质约款应当予以认可。