Chinese Nation Building and Foreign Policy: Japan and the US as the Significant “Others” in National Identity Construction

This article examines Chinese nation building in the post-Cold War era from the perspective of foreign policy. It focuses on the role of Japan and the United States as significant “Others” in Chinese leaders’ construction of three major variants of Chinese national identity: as a victim (past), as a developing country (present) and as a great power (future). The article argues that Japan occupies a primary place in the enactment of the past aspect of Chinese identity, while the US plays a major role in its present and, especially, future aspects.     

中国国家身份变迁与对外交往:以中国-东盟关系为例

在分析中国和东盟关系的发展过程中,本文引入了身份政治的分析视角,以中国的国家身份变迁为思考的出发点,来具体分析中国与东盟关系的发展.文章指出中国在冷战期间和冷战后的身份变迁及其与东盟关系发生的相应变化,然后分析身份变迁与对外关系演变的内在逻辑机制,认为国家在对外互动中形成了新的观念体系结构,而这种新的体系结构又重新建构了国家的身份.所以,我们在对外交往中要注意分析国家的身份,从而有利于更好地理解国家的行为.文章最后指出了身份政治在进一步学理化过程中应该深入思考的问题.     

Dualistic Identity, Memory-encoded Norms, and State Emotion: A Social Constructivist Account of Chinese Foreign Relations

By tracing the origin and evolution of Chinese nationalism, this paper finds that the dialectical relationship between the Chinese “self” and the foreign “other” has provided the cultural-institutional context for the construction of its national identity. The positional change of the Chinese actor in the self-other interaction—resulting from the institutional shift from the tianxia order to the Westphalian system—and the consequent national humiliation have been embedded in the Chinese collective memory and given rise to the consensual norms ingrained in the national identity. Viewed through the lens of political sociology and identity politics, China’s tenacious struggle for national rejuvenation can be construed as a social practice guided by these memory-encoded social norms. Due to the protracted and ambivalent nature of the state’s purposive action in attaining great-power status on the international stage, the confidence of the resurgent state is compromised by an acute sense of frustration. This identity predicament has engendered a peculiar Chinese state emotion, which has profoundly influenced the in-group members’ evaluation and perception of out-group entities and their behavior in the antagonistic intergroup relations.     

寻求生存方式的同一性——美加新华侨华人的文化认同分析

本文认为加强对华侨华人文化认同的研究,对于华侨华人融入主流社会,充分发挥华侨华人在传承中华文明中的作用,以培育有利于中国和平发展的国际舆论氛围,具有重要意义.文章首先对文化认同进行了理论阐释,接着分析了美加新华侨华人的文化认同结构,最后探讨了新华侨华人文化认同的原因.文章认为,美国、加拿大新华侨华人为寻求生存方式的同一性,其民族情感是双重的,他们既认同所在国并为所在国效忠,参与所在国的建设与发展;同时在心灵层次上又认同祖籍国的文化,并形成对中华文化深深的情感依恋.双重文化认同在美国和加拿大社会新华侨华人中之所以长期存在,其原因是他们生存发展的需要,民族认同的情感需要,居住国政治体制的二重性和祖籍国政府的支持.     

山东与韩国贸易现状及发展对策

山东与韩国有着较密切的贸易关系,近年来贸易合作不断扩大,韩国已成为山东第一大对外贸易伙伴.但鲁韩贸易还存在着一些制约因素.对此山东应在调整出口产品结构、创造名牌产品等方面做出更大的努力,以巩固和扩大贸易往来,实现更高层次的产品优势互补和贸易合作的比较利益.