The Asian Economic Crisis and Capitalist Restructuring: Two Approaches

ABSTRACT

The global capitalist system is at a particular historical juncture with a dilution of the capitalist core away from Western (and Japanese) centers of accumulation to China and India, among other countries. What is the nature of capitalism in these countries? Are China and India going along the same development trajectories that advanced capitalist countries followed earlier? Is their accumulation model the same as that of the OECD economies or is accumulation different under late capitalism? The author argues that capitalism in India and China is “compressed,” meaning that the phases of capitalism do not follow one another in sequential order. Instead, some phases, such as primitive accumulation, may be delayed or be experienced at the same time as advanced accumulation under the corporate sector, thereby producing a mode of development that does not generate widespread employment. The author contends that capitalism in India and China is compressed and he demonstrates empirically that primitive accumulation, petty commodity producing sectors, and mature capitalism in late-industrializing countries reinforce each other, creating precarious forms of employment in the process.     

The Oslo Peace Process and Two Views on Judaism and Zionism, 1992–1996

The article contends that the Oslo Peace process was as much about Jewish identity in Israel as it was about borders and security. This is because these factors are interrelated. This made the peace process highly contentious, particularly because it happened when post-Zionism was at its peak. While Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres saw Oslo as the fulfillment of Zionism, the religious right saw it as negating Zionism. This is because the Oslo process involved a change in three precepts of Zionism: Greater Israel, self-defence and pioneering settlement. This difference of opinion was compounded by the way Rabin managed relations with his critics on the religious-right. The conclusion notes how the collapse of Oslo has led to a reversion to pre-Oslo Jewish world view.     

Two Nigerian Lists

These two lists may prove of interest in relation to recentdevelopments in Nigeria. The first was extracted from the quarterlyreview of the Department of Labour for September, 1944—membersof the African Civil Servants Technical Workers Union are starred,and three later unions should be added to them: P.W.D. Ijora(Sawmill) Workers Union, Lagos Town Council Workers Union, RailwayStation Staff Union. The dates of forming are as follows: 1–12,1940;13–36, 1941; 37–77. 1942; 78–83, 1943;and the last 2, 1944. The second list is based on an accountof the. opening ceremony in August, 1944, contained in the WestAfrican Pilot together with subsequent additions. It is notcomplete, containing 105 names where the N.C.N.C. claims anythingup to 126. The 8 bodies which decided on a National Delegationto proceed on behalf of the Council to England are starred.     

Two Nigerian Poems

A considerable poetry has sprung up in the English press ofNigeria and elsewhere in West Africa. It often violates academiclaws. but, like so much in African culture, it is alive. Wegive two examples below, with acknowledgements to the NigerianSpokesman, from which they are taken. The first illustratesthe direct and concrete nature of the African mind, the second,his political emotion. Tony Enahoro is a young editor from Beninrecently sentenced to 9 months imprisonment for criminal libel,and the author belongs to a chief's family from the same town.Imoudu is the Nigerian labour leader. Wallace Johnson, the SierraLeone labour leader, was interned in Sherbro Island during thewar.     

Coyotaje and Drugs: Two Different Businesses

This article, based on a qualitative methodology that includes in‐depth interviews with 85 migrant‐smugglers who operate at the border between Mexico and the United States, addresses three research questions: do migrant‐smugglers take part in organised crime? Are criminal groups involved in migrant smuggling? And are migrant‐smugglers engaged in drug trafficking? It concludes that many smugglers have become part of organised crime groups but only after leaving the migrant‐smuggling business; that criminal organisations do not help migrants to cross the border; and that migrant‐smugglers do not carry drugs.     

Australian Citizenship and the Two World Wars

This article surveys Australian citizenship: its distinctive characteristics in the first half of the twentieth century, and how these were changed by the experience of the two world wars. It argues that Australian citizenship, at the time of Federation, was racially exclusive, imperial, masculine and deeply anchored in the traditional view of the military obligation of the individual to the state. The world wars, especially the war of 1939‐45, encouraged some adjustment to these ideas, particularly in terms of the imperial link, women's status and the social rights of Australians. However, these conflicts were fought within a context of imperial loyalty and the intensity of their demands reinforced military service in defence of the nation as the primary civic virtue. The centrality of Anzac to Australian nationalism also perpetuated a gendered dimension to Australian citizenship. The world wars therefore, for all their dramatic impact on the lives of Australian families and the national political culture, did not force a major reconceptualisation of Australian citizenship.     

"第二轨道外交"与东盟地区论坛

作为"东盟方式"的延伸,东盟地区论坛与"第二轨道外交"有着千丝万缕的联系.本文从东盟地区论坛的成立及运作两个层面分析了"第二轨道外交"与东盟地区论坛的相互联系,文章指出,"第二轨道外交"促成了东盟地区论坛的产生并成为论坛体系不可分割的一部分.     

Two More Nigerian Poems

In our last number we printed two poems, selected, with no regardto their subject matter, as examples of the attempts that youngAfricans are making to express themselves. Crude though theyare, these poems appeared to us to be something more than merebad imitations of English verse. V/e now reproduce another two–onea romantic, almost Teutonic evocation of the forest, the otherresembling at least the spirit of the Latin songs of wanderingscholars in the Middle Ages. Eweka writes from the same townas Yesufu-Giwa, Sapele, where there seems to be a literary schoolthat might be worth investigating: at least the quality of itsverse, however uneven, ts much higher than any seen from "older"areas like Lagos or the Gold Coast. Is this due to the superiorimagination of the "new" Nigertan peoples, or to the fact thatthey have not yet learned enough to blight them by imitatinginappropriate English models? The answer may be a combinationof these reasons. The first of the present poems, by the way,comes from the Comet of Lagos, the second from the Spokesmanat Onitsha.