论俄罗斯混合市场经济模式的形成及特点

鉴于学术界对于俄罗斯经济发展模式存在不同观点,本文首先分析了俄罗斯从建立自由主义市场经济的政策取向到混合市场经济模式的转变过程,然后分析了俄罗斯混合市场经济模式的突出特征.在此基础上,文章对俄罗斯混合市场经济模式作出评价.最后得出结论,认为以强国富民为目标的混合市场经济模式是俄罗斯经济取得新发展的正确途径,进一步兴利除弊是保持经济增长速度和实现经济多样发展的重要前提.     

国际金融危机对越南经济政策的影响

经济全球化使越南经济成为世界经济中一颗耀眼的新星,同时也使越南经济与世界经济的联系越来越紧密.本文首先分析了2007年底以来由美国引起的国际金融危机对越南经济的影响,接下来介绍了面对国际金融危机造成的经济下滑,越南政府提出的一系列的经济刺激计划,最后展望了越南的经济前景.     

German Voters in Times of Crisis: The Impact of Perceptions and Economic Context on Electoral Behaviour

This paper analyses the connection between economic context, voters’ individual assessment of the economy, and party identification, taking the German national elections of 2009 as an example. Based on the results of multinomial and multilevel regression models, the article shows that partisanship moderates how the economy affects the vote. In cases of increasing unemployment in the constituency, voters are less likely to vote for the Social Democrats instead of the CDU and the opposition. This effect is particularly strong amongst voters who report that they identify with the Social Democrats. Regarding the effect of voters’ assessment of the national economy, the results are different. In this case, a better evaluation of the regional economy increases the probability to vote for right-wing parties – notably amongst voters without partisanship. These findings suggest that the moderating effect of partisanship on the economy’s impact on voting behaviour should not be overestimated. What is more, this analysis implies that research on economic voting should always account for both contextual factors and voters’ personal assessment of the economy, as these measures reveal different dimensions of economic voting.     

The monetization of social celebrations in rural Kyrgyzstan: on the uses of hashish money

This article focuses on the embeddedness of hashish production in the local economy of Toolu, a village in Kyrgyzstan. It explores how transformations in social relationships and the monetization of gift giving put constant pressure on families to find cash in a semi-subsistence agricultural economy. Although not produced on an industrial scale in the community, hashish is used as a cash crop in times of deficit. Based on a mixed-methods study combining ethnographic fieldwork with survey data, I show how the hashish economy is intertwined with different forms of reciprocal relationships based on gift-giving practices and the monetization of social relationships. In doing so, I illustrate how the hashish economy is embedded in local livelihoods and shapes emerging forms of economic morality in Kyrgyz society.     

中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究现状、问题及展望

建交以来中国对韩国经济—经营研究发展迅速,这成为中国韩国学研究的重要部分。从中国知网数据库的统计分析当中可以发现,韩国经济—经营研究是中国学界较为关注的国别研究之一,其关注重点随着中韩经济发展经历了一个变化的过程。1992~1997年,相关研究对韩国经济的制度层面和大企业集团的关注很多,重点是对韩国经济发展经验的引进和借鉴。1998~2008年,中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究进入全面深入发展阶段,对韩国工业经济的关注度明显提高,对韩国企业的经营管理也进行了更加详实的考察和分析。2009年以来,能源问题、文化产业问题、FTA问题、农业问题、宏观经济管理当中的公共政策问题等成为中国学界的关注重点。由于主客观因素的制约,中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究存在基础研究不足、跟踪研究滞后和具体产业研究不深入等问题。目前,韩国在经济—经营方面依然有很多值得中国借鉴的经验,中韩经济关系发展也面临着新的问题,中国学界对韩国经济—经营领域的研究面临着新的机遇与课题。     

The Russian Economy in 2008: Testing the "Market Economy"

In Russia, the market system that arose out of the financial crisis of a decade earlier faced its first major challenge in the second half of 2008. The Russian response to this crisis provides a defining event for the Russian market economy. Drawing on macroeconomic statistics and newspaper coverage, the article uses the crisis as a lens for focusing on the nature of the Russian economy in 2008, and on the defining characteristics behind its response to the crisis. The beginnings of a systematic response that tells us much about the state of the Russian economy in 2008 is already evident.     

金融危机后的俄罗斯

普京治下的经济复苏,改善了俄罗斯的财政状况,提高了人民的生活水平,但没有使俄罗斯经济实现成功转型。全球金融危机暴露了俄罗斯经济状况的本质:普京八年的俄罗斯经济只是"恢复性增长",而非以投资和创新所驱动的可持续性增长,对能源仍然高度依赖。虽然危机之后俄经济有所恢复,但与能源价格上涨密切相关,其现代化进程任重道远。2012年之后的俄罗斯仍然将是一个缺少竞争力且严重依赖能源资源出口的国家。     

Europe and the German Model: Growing Tension or Symbiosis?

Recent conflicts between the Commission of the European Communities and the German government suggest a growing tension between structures of the German political economy and the agenda of economic liberalisation fostered by European integration. Will mounting conflict ultimately force Germany to choose between its commitment to the integrity of the social market economy and support for European economic integration? This article considers the cases of Germany's public sector banks and the German postal service. Both entail potential conflict between the public service functions integral to the social market economy and the competition central to Europe's single market. Examination of these cases suggests that, rather than forcing change on a reluctant Germany and jeopardising the core of the social market economy (SME), enforcement of European competition policy from Brussels has taken place in fundamental symbiosis with the SME. Nonetheless, tensions between federal government and Länder indicate that a positive-sum relationship between Europe's single market and Germany's social market economy may be constrained by German federalism.     

金融危机影响下的菲律宾经济

本文讨论了亚洲金融危机对菲律宾经济带来的种种影响并对今年菲经济快速复苏所面临的困难作了分析。主要观点是：金融危机对菲经济的影响虽未及泰、马和印尼重，但仍然是严重的、多方面的。由于受到多方面因素的制约，今年菲经济的复苏将是缓慢的、渐进的。     

全球化进程中泰国的发展道路选择——“充足经济”哲学的理论、实践与借鉴

基于在全球化进程中实现国民经济社会的长期稳定可持续发展的需要,泰国确立了"充足经济"哲学的国家发展原则.本文首先探讨了"充足经济"哲学的理论内容,而后分析了"充足经济"的两项重要实践,即普密蓬国王的农业"新理论"和前总理他信的"双引擎战略".同时指出,由于利益需求的不同,泰国各派政治力量在"充足经济"哲学的政策解读方面产生了分歧与矛盾,并因缺乏有效的政治协调机制,甚至引发了既得利益集团与革新同盟之间的政治冲突.文本最后探讨了泰国"充足经济"哲学的理论与实践对中国特色社会主义建设的借鉴与启示.     

关于后奥运时期中国经济转型与建立中日环境合作机制的思考

后奥运时期中国将面临经济可持续增长与环境治理两大难题。在保持经济可持续增长的前提下兼顾环境治理,必须改变传统的经济增长模式。日本在东京奥运会后,通过产业结构调整,顺利地渡过了70年代的两次石油危机,在保持外需稳定增长的同时,实现了向节能环保型社会的转型。在ODA对华贷款项目中止后,中日之间可以尝试建立环境治理的双边合作机制以推动中国的环境治理。通过设立共同基金的方式,以市场为中心加强节能环保产业和双边贸易的发展,实现互惠共赢。     

CHINA: AN INWARDLY-ANIMATED ECONOMY

The author suggests that the Chinese economy is no longer an export-driven economy but instead is driven by internal demand, which results from the rapid rate of growth over the last few years. The nearest comparison is with the development of a continental economy in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. But the Chinese economy is growing much more rapidly than the US at that time. Crucially, massive infrastructure development and workers’ remittances back to the rural areas have transformed the economy of parts of China previously unmarked by development. As a result whole cities are growing up where not long ago there was nothing.     

In Defense of Sovietology

A leading specialist on the Soviet economy presents a detailed overview and evaluation of the history of Western studies of the Soviet economy. Foci of the article include: debates about the nature of the Soviet economic system; the uses of qualitative and quantitative evidence; controversies over rates of economic growth and growth of productivity, comparative size of the economy and the burden of defense expenditures; analyses of the severity of economic problems and their implications for the future viability of the system. The article concludes with an evaluation of the accomplishments and shortcomings of economic Sovietology. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: P27, P24, P52.     

Varieties of Sharing. Handlungsorientierungen,Strukturen und Arbeitsbedingungen eines neuartigen Feldes

The paper deals with a segment of the digitization of work: It examines the forms and conditions of work in the so-called sharing economy (SE). Based on the analysis of 67 internet platforms, three segments – the “exchange and gift economy”, the “niche and side job economy” as well as the “platform economy” – are distinguished as separate institutional spheres of the SE. On this basis, five dimensions of work in these segments are comparatively analyzed. It is shown that patterns of work differ among the three segments with view to activity patterns, gratification, qualification requirements, the role of technology and control mechanisms. The paper then discusses a shift in the determinants of work: it is argued that classical factors no longer prevail, but are partly supplemented, partly replaced by “internet communities” and the socio-technical structures and strategies of the platform providers. Not least, the absence of formal employment contracts in platform-user-relationships stands out.     

Singapore′s globalization strategy

For singapore, it is not a question of whether to globalize, but how to globalize. While Singapore may be handicapped by its small size and lack of natural resources, it seems that these drawbacks could be less of a problem as the world economy becomes more sophisticated. Physical size and natural resources will become less important for economic growth when compared with human capital, information, and knowledge in the future. To build the city-state, the Singaporean government adopted a number of bold strategies to develop its economy, making it a leader among the newly industrialized nations involved in the region. Singapore's export-oriented industrialization evolved in several stages and had to overcome obstacles along the way. Its success was dependent on enlightened government policy in cultivating good relations with multinational corporations and cooperation between the government-run and private enterprises. A review of the economy in the last decade gave birth to the Strategic Economic Plan of 1991. Besides underlining the importance of the manufacturing and service sectors, the plan also emphasized the regionalization and globalization of the economy. While the Asian economic crisis has affected Singapore's development, it has not changed Singapore's determination to globalize and liberalize its economy. An earlier version of this article was presented at the conference on “Globalization and new Governance,” hosted by the Semin Foundation and Asia Pacific Public Affairs Forum in Suwon, Korea, 7–11 October 1999.     

Between Border and Bazaar: Central Asia’s Informal Economy

ABSTRACT

The disintegration of the Soviet Union spurred a transnational trade in consumer goods. Bazaars, which proliferated across the former Soviet Union, including in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan that is the focus of this article, became nodes in this informal trade. This article makes three arguments: (i) Soviet successor states capitalised on the new informal economy which provided employment to millions when economies were in decline. Conversely, ongoing developments, particularly in Kazakhstan, seek to modernise the bazaars that emerged after the Soviet Union. (ii) The movement of people and goods – between border and bazaar, and in case of re-exports, on to another border – are illustrative of a multi-dimensional informal economy evidenced in rent extraction, regulation of bazaars, and in trader networks. (iii) The bazaar-centred economy relies on checkpoint politics that establish border regimes, enabling mobility.     

Standort Deutschland in the globalising economy: An end to the economic miracle?

This article reviews the economic position of Germany in an era of increased internationalisation of economic activity. Since unification there have been worrying trends in the German economy: in particular, high unemployment, increasing government debt and a substantial increase in the overseas activities of Germany's major companies. However, this article argues that the micro‐economy in general, and the institutional structures inherent to the social market economy of post‐war Germany in particular, are strong. Indeed, only by understanding the historical interrelationships between the individual structures of the German social market economy is it possible to appreciate the continued strength of the German economy.     

世界经济发展进程中的东亚金融危机

东亚金融危机是在一个不断变化中的世界经济环境中发生的，其中有３ 个因素有助于我们对这次危机的成因的理解，它们是：经济的全球化，知识经济的兴起，市场体制的普及。从而，如何解决这一危机也应从上述３ 个方面寻找答案     

Peak Oil as a stimulus for a green economy transition in South Africa: Alternative liquid fuel and transport options

Abstract

While the arguments in favour of a green economy often rest on the need to reduce environmental damage, mitigate climate change and create environmentally friendly jobs, this article argues that the inevitable and possibly imminent peak and decline in world oil production provides another strong rationale for green economy policies and investments in South Africa. The South African economy has a high degree of reliance on imported petroleum fuels and evidence suggests that oil price and supply shocks – resulting from diminishing world oil exports and a decline in the energy return on investment for oil globally – are likely to have a debilitating socioeconomic impact under business-as-usual policies and behaviour patterns. Two broad strategies for mitigating the impact of increasing world oil scarcity and oil price shocks are considered. The first evaluates the prospects for developing indigenous sources of liquid fuels, including coal-to-liquids, gas-to-liquids and biofuels, and finds that there are significant resource and environmental risks associated with these options. The second strategy involves short-term measures to reduce demand for liquid transport fuels together with a long-term shift toward electrified mass transport, supported by accelerated investments in renewable energy. The latter strategy is argued to be compatible with and necessary for a societal transition towards a green economy.