Genetic analysis of the populations from Northern and Mesopotamian provinces of Argentina by means of 15 autosomal STRs

The allele frequencies for the 15 short tandem repeats included in the Power Plex-16 kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA) were determined in a sample of 429 unrelated individuals from five provinces of the Northern and Northeastern regions of Argentina. Three Northern provinces including Salta, Formosa and Chaco and two within the region surrounded by the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers commonly known as the Argentine Mesopotamia, including Misiones and Corrientes. Since in this region Entre Ríos Province is also present, previously published results were used for comparison. The calculated parameters: polymorphism information content (PIC); discrimination power (DP); matching probability (MP); typical paternity index (TPI) and power of exclusion (PE) showed Penta E to be the most valuable marker from the studied sample set. All loci met Hardy–Weinberg expectations using the Bonferroni correction for the number of loci analyzed, except D3S1358 in Salta and THO1 in Formosa provinces. Population differentiation test revealed that the Salta population sample data denoted significant differences for various loci when compared with the other province information presented here in, as well as with other published data sets.     

强奸致孕形成部分性葡萄胎的检验分析

目的探讨强奸致孕案葡萄胎组织的DNA检验和STR结果分析。方法用DNA Typer TM15试剂盒对犯罪嫌疑人、受害人血样和流产胚胎组织进行荧光复合STR基因座扩增检测。结果检测的一例流产胚胎组织DNA的STR峰谱表现出部分3条带,且3条带中有两个等位基因来源于犯罪嫌疑人,另外一个来源于受害人,推断为单卵双精子受精的部分性葡萄胎。结论应用STR分型技术可以推断葡萄胎的DNA来源和受精类型,为亲缘关系鉴定提供依据。     

疑案·存案·结案——从春阿氏案看清代疑案了结技术

清末春阿氏杀夫案在司法档案和纪实小说中有着不同版本。刑部、法部和大理院轮番审理,未能查出事实真相。大理院迫于结案的压力,以存案的方式了结了该案。判决书内容含混,而处理疑案的技艺则甚为高超。以疑案及其结案技术为切入点,重新审视并评价皇权下的司法实况,可以观察到司法现实复杂而生动的本来面目。     

Genetic analysis of the populations from Northern and Mesopotamian provinces of Argentina by means of 15 autosomal STRs

The allele frequencies for the 15 short tandem repeats included in the Power Plex-16 kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA) were determined in a sample of 429 unrelated individuals from five provinces of the Northern and Northeastern regions of Argentina. Three Northern provinces including Salta, Formosa and Chaco and two within the region surrounded by the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers commonly known as the Argentine Mesopotamia, including Misiones and Corrientes. Since in this region Entre Ríos Province is also present, previously published results were used for comparison. The calculated parameters: polymorphism information content (PIC); discrimination power (DP); matching probability (MP); typical paternity index (TPI) and power of exclusion (PE) showed Penta E to be the most valuable marker from the studied sample set. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations using the Bonferroni correction for the number of loci analyzed, except D3S1358 in Salta and THO1 in Formosa provinces. Population differentiation test revealed that the Salta population sample data denoted significant differences for various loci when compared with the other province information presented here in, as well as with other published data sets.     

试析"悬赏办案"的危险性--从"马加爵案"悬赏想到的

由马加爵案的悬赏侦破,引出对最近各地公安机关和法院“悬赏办案”的分析,即从历史、法律、法社会学及法经济学的角度,指出这种“改革”方案的危险性倾向,并提出了建设性建议。     

自侦案件“以事立案”模式论析

检察机关在自侦案件中应当摒弃“以人立案”的做法,并采取“以事立案”的模式,才能符合职务犯罪发案的客观规律,避免初查和侦查工作在衔接关系上的错位,并对自侦工作产生积极的促进效果和作用。要实现从“以人立案”到“以事立案”模式的转变,需要正确处理好立案与破案、立案与撤案和撤案与错案的关系。     

影响性刑事冤假错案的产生、纠错、追责与民意的关联考察——以22起影响性刑事冤假错案为主要研究范本

民意的影响是冤假错案产生的诱因之一。不理性的民意极易虚构出貌似合理的"案件事实"并以此给司法机关施压。基于民意的压力,司法机关往往更多注重有罪证据,忽视无罪证据。命案必破、限期破案、疑罪从轻等刑事政策、司法理念,都是对民意诉求的顺应,也是促成冤假错案的诱因。民意对影响性冤假错案的纠错有积极意义,但仍应回归法治轨道。样本案件中,民意推进了冤假错案纠错程序的启动、纠错的及时,但没有制度化。民众对司法活动的认知不够理性,对错案追责的民意表达亦非建立在理性认知的基础之上。我国有必要培育理性的民意,形成民意与刑事司法的良性互动。     

Genetic analysis of the Amerindian Kichwas and Afroamerican descendents populations from Ecuador characterised by 15 STR-PCR polymorphisms

Allele frequency data for the 15 STR systems and Amelogenine were determined in a population sample of healthy Amerinidian Kichwas and Blacks individuals. All loci met Hardy–Weinberg expectations and the high discrimination power of combined system showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers.     

案外人申请再审的主体资格及路径分析

恶意诉讼、诉讼欺诈等诉讼功能异化的产物常常会侵害到案外人的实体权益,在我国尚未完全引入撤销之诉的前提下,以再审程序为依托,赋予案外人对侵害其合法权益的生效裁判、调解书以申请再审的权利是最为直接的事后救济途径,亦是从程序上规制恶意诉讼的有力措施。在民事诉讼法新修订后,我国现阶段实际存在着执行程序中和执行程序外两种案外人申请再审的救济路径,二者适用条件不尽相同,对诉讼欺诈的规制效果亦不同。为实现对程序安定与既判力的维护,对案外人申请再审的主体适格性应适度从严。     

邓玉娇案件与罗克辛的客观归责理论

曾引起全国关注的邓玉娇案件引出了客观归责理论的借鉴问题。邓玉娇案件的基本事实表明,除非存在强奸,该案依我国刑法只能是防卫过当,至多免刑而不能免责。从比较研究的角度,以德国刑法衡量该案,在防卫过当情况下,邓玉娇仍然有机会获得免责无罪的结论。德国刑法第33条是罗克辛教授客观归责理论的具体体现之一。我国引进该理论还存在理念和体系的障碍。     

Determination of postmortem interval by arthropod succession: a case study from the Hawaiian Islands

A postmortem interval of 34 to 36 days was established for remains recovered on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, based on interpretations of patterns of arthropod succession on the remains. This interval was primarily based on the presence of adult specimens of Philonthus longicornis (family Staphylinidae), mature larvae of Piophila casei (family Piophilidae), and empty puparial cases of Chrysomya rufifacies (family Calliphoridae). Species and developmental stages of two additional Coleoptera species and three additional Diptera species were also present, which was consistent with the estimated interval, although not definitive.     

An unusual case of sudden unexpected death: postmortem investigation and biomechanical analysis of the cervical spine

A naked man died under peculiar circumstances and the postmortem examination revealed unexpected lesions in the cervical spine. Investigations of the cervical spine (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological examination) showed that a piece of bone was torn of the anterior part of vertebra C6 and that there was fresh bleeding in the surrounding tissue. The cause of death remained unclear but was most likely cardiac arrhythmia initiated by beta-2 agonist inhalation due to an acute asthmatic attack. Data from biomechanical investigation using finite element analysis supported the conclusion that the cervical spine injury was secondary to impact during falling as a consequence of the cardiac arrhythmia.     

肖志军事件的法学追询——公私法关系论题的—个引子

多数学者认为肖志军拒签事件属于极端个案,不能说明法制不健全。其实,该案反映出我们的制度设计存在严重的问题,其要害在于公法规则在医患双方关系中不适当地设定了患者家属的主体地位与决定权。这种规定在理论上造成逻辑悖谬,在实践中不仅不必要,而且可能造成与立法预期相反的效果。在特定条件之下,取消患者家属的决定权,解除对医院紧急救治行为的强制禁止,则类似问题可迎刃而解。肖志军事件中所出现的问题其实是国家出于政策管制的需要而不适当地介入私法关系所导致的后果,它反映出我国公私法关系理论亟待深入研究。     

关于赋予检察机关量刑建议权的思考——从许霆盗窃一案说起

最近，许霆盗窃案引起了人们持续的关注和深入的思考，在强大的舆论压力下，此案的被告人许霆最终经历了从被判处无期徒刑到5年有期徒刑的惊险蹦极，一审重审判决的刑期大大缩短，似乎舆论、民意在与司法的较劲中获得了胜利。这种度身订做的判决涉及一系列的问题，并从中读到了赋予检察机关量刑建议权的可行性和必要性。     

On the importance of a comprehensive study for diagnostics of death from acute ethanol poisoning and coronary heart disease

Over 30 000 cases of acute poisoning with ethyl alcohol and its surrogates are recorded annually in this country. Differential diagnostics between fatal poisoning and death from coronary heart disease encounters serious difficulties. The authors report a comprehensive forensic chemical, morphometric, and pathomorphological study of the activity of ethanol-oxidizing enzyme systems in the internal organs. The results of histochemical examination provide a basis for the extension of diagnostic potential of the available methods and the enhancement of the objective value of expert reports.     

论裁判请求权保障与民事诉讼起诉受理制度的重构

裁判请求权是当事人的程序基本权.裁判请求权的实现程度反映了一个国家法治的水准.我国现行的民事诉讼法上的起诉受理制度尚存在一些缺陷,不利于当事人的裁判请求权的实现,应当进行改革与完善.改革的思路是:取消现行的受理制度,将负责审查起诉的立案机构改为民事案件登记性质的机构,将起诉条件改为起诉必须符合法定的程式,将现行的起诉条件改为诉讼要件,等等.     

医疗纠纷的诉因、案由及相互关系

医疗纠纷案件在审判实践中存在较多的疑难问题,一直是民事审判工作中的难点。就人民法院受理的医疗纠纷案件的现状来看,由于我国立法关于医疗纠纷诉因、案由制度的规定极为概括、笼统,医疗纠纷实践中存在当事人诉因与案件案由的确定之间的不和谐,从而严重影响了当事人医疗纠纷诉权的行使,影响了当事人医疗损害的全面救济。究其原因,医疗纠纷的性质、类型等方面规定的不完整、缺乏科学性是其根本所在,因此,唯有将医患关系进行科学划分才能改变当前现状。     

A forensic case study of a naturally mummified brain from the bushveld of South Africa

The present study reports our observations of a naturally mummified human brain found in the bushveld of South Africa. This case extends the geographic and climatic ranges in which mummified brains have been found, and it represents an additional case where no human activity has led to the mummification. The mummified brain was c. one fifth the size of a normal human brain, while the gyral and sulcal patterns of a typical human brain were clear. CT scanning of the brain revealed that subcortical structures, normally evident in this type of imaging, were not discernable, indicating a slow mummification process. Histological examination of the tissue revealed near complete degradation of the microanatomical structure, with only putative Nissl bodies remaining as identifiable neural microstructures. The specimen appears to have survived several veld fires, as well as a high annual rainfall, and a high relative humidity. It is thought that specific conditions amenable to brain mummification, but not other soft tissues, occurred in the skull of this specimen in the weeks postmortem.     

Attempted suicide by cop: a case study of traumatic brain injury and the insanity defense

Over the years, there have been a number of well-publicized incidents involving persons who seemingly maneuver police officers into shooting them. Such cases, while relatively rare compared with most forms of violence, nevertheless pose difficult challenges to law enforcement agencies. Relatively little is known about persons who engage in suicide by cop incidents. To our knowledge, there has been no published indepth research on instigators of suicide by cop who survived. In this paper, we present a case study of an individual who engaged in and lived through three separate "attempted suicide by cop" incidents. After describing relevant history as well as events of the most recent incident, we compare the case with the extant literature on suicide by cop and analyze commonalities and differences. Finally, we examine the legal considerations involved, with particular attention devoted to the role the individual's traumatic brain injury played in applying the insanity defense.