418例已破命案的法医学分析

作者将1993年至2002年间十年来受理的,经法医学鉴定及现场勘查综合分析确定为他杀并且已破获的418例案件进行了研究,着重对法医学鉴定在破案中发挥了作用的案例进行总结和分析,报道如下。1统计资料1.1资料的来源某区公安分局1993年至2002年十年间受理尸检案件1298例,经法医学鉴定及现场勘查综合分析确定为他杀的案件有485例,已经破获的案件418例(破案率达86.2%),死者总数为438人,犯罪分子总数为424人,其中通过法医现场勘察、尸体检验、物证检验以及现场分析等方法破获152起案件,占所有已破命案的36.4%。1.2年度发、破凶杀案件统计(见表1)2被…     

1例疑似交通事故命案法医学现场分析

命案是刑侦工作的重中之重，每一起命案的成功侦破，都离不开正确的命案现场分析，笔者报道1例疑似交通事故命案现场分析的体会。     

疑似交通事故、高坠命案现场分析

吕某，男，45岁，某日晚在一新建小区会所一层楼道内与工友喝酒，次日晨被发现死于该楼玻璃门外的台阶上。现场位于该小区一幢五层楼会所外，该楼大门为双扇玻璃门，一侧玻璃门已破碎。尸体位于玻璃门外台阶上，呈头朝玻璃门仰卧状，可见双鼻腔向左眼、左面颊侧有流注状血迹。楼道内地面散落有大量玻璃碎片，部分碎裂玻璃上粘有血迹。     

命案现场分析的概念问题

杀人案件现场分析（以下简称现场分析）一直是我国公安机关法医的一项重要工作。大约1997年前后，公安部物证鉴定中心举办了多期法医现场分析培训班，开始探讨、介绍和普及现场分析方面的知识和经验。2001年，公安部物证鉴定中心组织召开了首届全国杀人案件法医现场分析交流会，开始有系统、     

伪装自杀命案现场勘查分析1例

笔者参与一起嫌疑人杀人后精心伪造自杀现场、并用死者手机向其家属发送轻生短信误导侦查案例的现场工作，经过现场勘查、尸体和相关物证检验，细拨谜雾，辨别伪装，还原真相，确定了案件性质，划定了侦查范围，快速侦破了案件。报道如下：     

利用齿痕成功破获命案1例

1案例资料2007年11月24日凌晨,在某路北侧的绿化带内发现一女尸。经现场访问得知,死者为王某。尸体上身着天蓝色棉袄,衣襟敞开,上有血迹,内衣向上翻至乳房上方;下身穿牛仔裤,外裤、内裤均退至双膝关节下方,双脚穿白色休闲旅游鞋,完好。头面部由左额部至右面部、鼻部、口唇、下颌部广泛皮肤挫伤,左侧额颞部至右眉弓内侧有一14cm×5cm之不规则挫裂     

杀亲命案分析1例

1案件简介 某年5月20日,某县一山上发现一具未知名男性尸体,被乱石覆盖,已高度腐败,头面部大量蛆虫。勘验所见：现场位于深山中,位置偏僻,杂草、杂树丛生,并见大量裸露的石块。西面离村庄最近,约4km。尸体被与附近相似的石块覆盖,垒成石堆,呈长条形,东西宽60cm,南北长200cm,高50cm。石块大小不等,     

法医命案现场女性杀人的指向性

判断一起命案现场是否有女性参与,现场的足迹、指纹和生物检材是最可靠的证据,但若缺乏此三种证据而需要作出判断,则是一件很棘手的工作.男女因生理和心理上有着各自的特征、特点,使得他们在选择作案手段、方式以及作案前后的心理反应上都不尽相同,呈现在命案现场上的各种痕迹、迹象和状态也有所不同.本文结合法医命案现场分析,讨论女性杀人案件现场的指向性.     

命案中的行为分类及其价值初探

行为分析（behavioral analysis）是应用逻辑分析的方法,通过对现场上人的活动所表达的信息的研究,得出关于人的活动目的性的判断。行为分析不仅是现场重建的技术方法,也是命案现场分析的重要手段。20世纪80年代,美国联邦调查局（FBI）专门设立了行为分析的专门机构,采用行为分析的方法进行案犯刻画（criminal profiling）,尤其是系列杀人的案犯刻画。近些年来,笔者在实践中不断感受到。     

浅析交通事故疑似命案的定性

本文谈及的交通事故疑似命案是指那些从表象上看具备交通事故案件的部分特征，但在案件性质的确定上又存在分歧的案件。结合两个典型案例，浅析交通事故疑似命案如何定性，供大家借鉴和探讨。     

116例女性杀人案件法医学分析

本文通过对1993~2014年连云港地区116例女性杀人案件的受害人年龄分布、嫌疑人与受害人关系、现场特征、损伤工具及致命伤位置等进行统计分析,发现男女性之间由于心理、生理特征和性格等多种因素的影响,女性杀人案件呈现出自身特点:女犯罪嫌疑人与被害人的关系多为家庭内部成员,尤以夫妻或男女朋友居多;现场常位于室内,以卧室居多;工具多是居家常用的生产或生活用具;多选择受害人熟睡、酒后时作案,采用窒息、投毒、溺水等方式;损伤集中于要害部位,分布范围集中,打击次数多,致命性损伤、濒死伤和死后损伤多。     

105例凶杀案责任能力评定分析

目的探讨鉴定医生评定凶杀案例责任能力时的主要依据及影响因素。方法对总计105例凶杀案的精神病司法鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果无责任能力者41例(39.0%);限定责任能力者28例(26.7%);完全责任能力者36例(34.3%);与刑事责任能力的评定密切相关的因素有:凶杀行为是否由精神病理因素引起(Gamma=0.906,P=0.000),临床诊断是否为重性精神病(Gamma=0.761,P=0.000),被害人是否为家人亲属(Gamma=0.412,P=0.000)。结论从技术层面看,鉴定医生评价责任能力考虑的三个主要方面按重要性依次是:凶杀行为是否由精神病理因素引起,被鉴定人是否患有重性精神病,被害对象是否为家人亲属。     

Extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States

Prostitute women have the highest homicide victimization rate of any set of women ever studied. We analyzed nine diverse homicide data sets to examine the extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States. Most data sources substantially under-ascertained prostitute homicides. As estimated from a conservative capture-recapture analysis, 2.7% of female homicide victims in the United States between 1982 and 2000 were prostitutes. Frequencies of recorded prostitute and client homicides increased substantially in the late 1980s and early 1990s; nearly all of the few observed pimp homicides occurred before the late 1980s. These trends may be linked to the rise of crack cocaine use. Prostitutes were killed primarily by clients, clients were killed mainly by prostitutes, and pimps were killed predominantly by pimps. Another conservative estimate suggests that serial killers accounted for 35% of prostitute homicides. Proactive surveillance of, and evidence collection from, clients and prostitutes might enhance the investigation of prostitution-related homicide.     

“杀亲案件”135例法医学回顾分析

目的通过总结我省135例杀亲案件的案件资料,研究杀亲案件的特点,分析杀亲案件的侦办要点。方法收集2011~2013年间我国中部某省区域内发生的135例杀亲案件,对数据资料进行分析。结果杀亲案件主要发生在夫妻之间及父母子女,好发于农村,青壮年多见。一般无明显杀人动机,作案工具多为就地取材,死亡原因以机械性损伤和机械性窒息为主。结论杀亲案件在嫌疑人社会学特点、致伤工具、死亡原因、案发时间等方面反映出一定共性,但案件证据的收集是案件的侦办难点。     

外伤后流产23例法医学鉴定回顾性分析

目的分析外伤后流产案例法医学临床鉴定的特点,探究外伤与流产之间的因果关系。方法收集近年中国医科大学法医学院临床法医学教研室外伤后流产法医学鉴定共23例,总结和分析外伤后流产案例的特点。结果23例外伤后流产法医学鉴定例均为早期流产,体表损伤轻微,伤后短时间内出现阴道流血,并在较短时间内流产。高龄孕妇、农村人口和无业人员所占比例大。结论流产原因较多,对于外伤后流产的法医学鉴定案例,只有排除非外伤性因素后,才能认定为外伤性流产;对于不能排除非外伤性流产因素的案例,可根据具体情况分析损伤为流产的主要原因、次要原因或诱因。     

A case of stalking in the workplace and subsequent sexual homicide

A case of stalking in the workplace and subsequent sexual homicide by a 33-year-old male is reported. Following several months of stalking a 38-year-old female, the male subject went to the woman's office after business hours and restrained, raped, and murdered her. The cause of death was multiple stab wounds. The facts of the case reveal that the subject fits a predatory-type stalker, which represents a small subgroup within stalkers that has received little attention. Unlike other types of stalkers, the predatory stalker gives little warning to their victim (or multiple victims), as their stalking behaviors tend not to be very invasive or harassing. In general, most stalkers are not physically violent; however, predatory-type stalkers, given their tendency for sexual violence, are dangerous and the importance of identifying them is emphasized. Factors associated with perpetrators of sexual homicide are discussed.     

97例杀人后自杀案件法医学特点分析

目的分析97例杀人后自杀案件特点,为同类案件的法医现场勘验及法医学鉴定提供参考和借鉴。方法收集上海市公安局物证鉴定中心参与鉴定的97例杀人后自杀案件,共死亡207人,其中加害人98名,被害人109名。对加害人、被害人双方的性别、年龄、关系及案发场所、死亡方式等方面的资料进行分析。结果上海地区杀人后自杀案件涉及的死者多为18~59岁青壮年,相互之间多熟识,起因多为家庭矛盾及感情纠纷;被害人女性为主,加害人男性居多;案发场所多为同一室内环境或相邻室内外;杀人多选择机械性暴力手段,而自杀则多采用自缢和高坠。结论上述关于此类案件的特点有助于法医在鉴定过程中对杀人后自杀案件做出快速、准确地判断。     

Identification of mechanical asphyxiation in cases of attempted masking of the homicide

Five homicides are described that had remained unexplained as to the causes of death after gross pathology. Although general signs of asphyxiation were present, they were lacking injuries specific of strangulation or oro-nasal occlusion. The diagnoses of asphyxiation were established by microscopical investigation of the lung and confirmed by subsequent police inquiries. An oro-nasal occlusion was involved in three cases, a strangulation or an oro-nasal occlusion, in another case. The victims were young and healthy. Toxicological investigations remained negative in four cases; one victim was anaesthetized by bromazepam and ether and had a blood alcohol concentration of 80 mg/100 ml. Lung histology and electron microscopy revealed acute emphysema, the development of a haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome and a microembolism syndrome. With regard to the haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome, the development of alveolar-interstitial edema is particularly important. This finding may also be diagnosed by light microscopy in semi-thin sections. It is emphasized that the combined action of several pathomechanisms is responsible for the rapid manifestation of the pulmonary lesions. Especially, the haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome is brought about by the combined action of inspiratory intrapulmonary vacuum and raised intracapillary pressure. The complex pattern allows to compile the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia even if there is no corresponding injury.     

Twenty years of femicide in Milan: A retrospective medicolegal analysis

Femicide constitutes a leading cause of premature deaths for women, yet it has been the subject of limited research until recently. Enhanced data collection and analysis on killings of women and girls are necessary to understand and address this unrelenting phenomenon. This study examines all cases of female homicide encountered at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) spanning from 1999 to 2019; data from 2020/2021 were shown separately given the bias that the forced cohabitation and stay at home during the lockdowns of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may represent regarding violence against women and femicide. In this study, specific factors were considered, including the age and nationality of the victims, the place of recovery of the bodies, the victim’s relationship to the perpetrator and the injuries they suffered. As a result, 200 female killings were found among the over 15,000 autopsies and 535 homicides investigated at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan from 1999 to 2019, representing an average of 9.5 femicides yearly. The majority of victims were Italian (74%) and half were aged between 18 and 49 years old. The killings were overwhelmingly committed in the domestic setting (78.5%) by male perpetrators (at least 85%), related to the victims as intimate or ex-intimate partners and members of the family (73.5%). The homicides were mainly perpetrated with sharp (32%) or blunt instruments (21.5%), shooting (18.5%) and asphyxiation (16.5%). This study is part of a growing effort to enhance data collection and analysis on femicide. Studying and monitoring the rates of femicide (or “femicide watch”) will permit to better understand, reduce, and finally end femicide globally.