Mapping the criminal mind: idiographic assessment of criminal belief systems

An idiographic procedure designed to assess the belief systems of criminal offenders is described, investigated, and clarified. This measure, the Cognitive Map of Major Belief Systems (CMMBS), assesses the five belief systems (self-view, world-view, past-view, present-view, future-view) held to occupy the higher echelons of human cognition. Modest to moderate test-retest reliability was achieved when 19 inmates, enrolled in one of three drug-counseling groups, completed the CMMBS on two separate occasions, 2 weeks apart. It was also ascertained that the drug treatment specialist who served as therapist for all three groups "blindly" matched the 19 CMMBS records to the inmates who produced them. A case study of one of the 19 participants was used to illustrate how the CMMBS is employed with individual offenders and how belief systems interact with major schematic subnetworks such as attributions, outcome expectancies, efficacy expectancies, goals, values, and thinking styles to create crime-supporting lifestyles.     

试论刑事政策与国际刑法的关系

刑事政策是对犯罪有组织的反应,国际刑法以研讨国际犯罪为己任,对国际犯罪的研究需要以刑事政策为视角。本文通过分析刑事政策的含义及其国际化特征与国际刑法的发展方向,在刑事政策的视野下,揭示国际刑法的发展趋势——刑事政策的国际刑法化与国际刑法的刑事政策化,进而把握刑事政策与国际刑法两者的契合性。     

刑事诉讼溯源

"刑起于兵,礼出于俗";刑事诉讼的出现是人类社会在解决纠纷问题上由"私力救助"向"公力救助"的飞跃,标志着人类由蒙昧走向文明;通过对历史的考察,可以得出如下几点启示:(1)刑事诉讼是一种国家活动,而不是一种个人行为;(2)刑事诉讼具有特定的任务,即解决和处理刑事案件;(3)刑事诉讼的基本结构是一种"三角结构";(4)刑事诉讼的运行,是以程序化和规范化为基石的;(5)刑事诉讼的权威性建立在公开性和民主性之上.     

论面临死刑犯罪人诉讼权利的保障

诉讼程序中设置诉讼权利的保障措施,旨在保障处于弱势地位的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权益,确保其诉讼主体地位,以求最终实现程序公正和实体公正。实践中,面临死刑的犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼权利,在诉讼的不同阶段表现为不同的形式,应该根据诉讼阶段的不同特点对其采取不同的保障措施。     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

Conclusion It follows from what has been said above that history, principle, and authority combine to compel the conclusion that § 80's guarantee of trial by jury precludes a verdict of guilty being returned in a trial upon indictment of an offence against a law of the Commonwealth otherwise than by the agreement or consensus of all the jurors. That being so, § 57 of the Juries Act, 1927, cannot, consistently with § 80, operate to authorize the conviction of either of the appellants by a majority verdict. Their convictions were unconstitutional and must be set aside.The appeal should be allowed. The orders of the South Australian Court of Criminal Appeal should be set aside and in lieu thereof it should be ordered, in the case of each appellant, that the appeal to that court be allowed, that the conviction be quashed and a new trial ordered.B.A., Columbia University 1972; J.D., Hofstra University 1975.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice     

论我国刑事证人出庭作证和测谎仪介入刑事诉讼立法的再完善

1996年,我国对原《刑事诉讼法》进行了重大修改与完善,修改后的《刑事诉讼法》受到了国内外许多有关人士的高度赞赏与好评.颁布实施以来,对于打击犯罪,保护人权,维护社会稳定,促进社会主义建设事业的顺利发展起到了巨大的作用.实践表明,它是一部从中国实际情况出发,深刻反映中国特点的好法律,是我国刑事法律修订与完善的典范.与……     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1969; J.S.M., Stanford University 1972.     

中澳刑事被害人诉讼地位及权利比较

在现代刑事诉讼制度中,对被害人合法权益的保障日渐突出。本文结合我国立法和司法实践的现状,通过比较中国与澳大利亚在被害人诉讼地位和权利保护方面的异同,对如何完善我国的被害人权利保障机制提出了相应的建议。     

刑事诉讼价值评论

我国目前两种主流的刑事诉讼价值观———“目的价值观”和“过程价值观” ,都存在着一定的理论瑕疵。从价值的一般涵义出发 ,现代刑事诉讼价值体系是一个多层次、有结构的统一体 ,它涵括了目的价值和形式价值两个子系统。目的价值是指刑事诉讼致力实现的社会理想和终极目标 ,具体而言是指自由和秩序的价值结构。而形式价值则是指刑事诉讼本身在组织结构上的形式合理性 ,即刑事诉讼程序必须具有独立性、中立性、平等性、公开性、科学性。     

Estimating the size of criminal populations

The estimation of total population size for various phenomena of crime is an important factor critical for criminal justice policy formulation and criminological theory development. In this paper, methods are discussed for estimating the size of a criminal population from police records. Capture-recapture analysis techniques, borrowed from the biological sciences, are used to predict the size of population for migrating (or fleeing) fugitives and for street prostitutes. Heterogeneity and behavioral responses to previous police encounters are identified as major complicating factors. The basic problem is that the police records are virtually unaffected by a potentially large pool of cryptic criminals. It is shown how independently collected auxiliary data can address this problem.     

Marxism and the criminal question

The question considered is whether it is possible to trace a theoretical strategy for a criminal policy on the basis of Marx's work. The answer offered is that Marxian political and economic analysis does not supply any general theory of criminality and that any attempt to formulate such a theory (as in Lenin, Paukanis or Gramsci) necessarily leads to authoritarian and regressive conceptions of crime and punishment. Nevertheless the authors maintain that it is possible to trace three theoretical suggestions within Marxian thought which allow of a fruitful approach to the criminal question. The first suggestion relates to the economic roots of many aspects of modern criminality; the second regards the Christian and bourgeois superstition of moral liberty and individual culpability; the third suggestion deals with the lack of a guaranteed social space as the prime root of crime. These theoretical suggestions permit clarification of the social character of penal responsibility and this character points to the need for the socialization (but not deregulation) of criminal treatment.This essay grew out of a reply to a questionnaire drawn up by La questione criminale, an Italian review which tries to approach the criminal question from a Marxist standpoint.     

Regulating the criminal justice snooper

Existing and anticipated restrictions on the conducting of social research present several opportunities and problems for criminal justice researchers. After reviewing those restrictions, the admittedly controversial techniques of covert and concealed research are used to show how restrictions may influence the direction criminal justice research follows in the coming years. A devil's advocate role is taken and covert and concealed research is championed in order to encourage academicians and practitioners to be both aware and wary of external restrictions on the conducting of social research.     

试论国际刑事管辖权——兼谈对我国的启示

国际刑事管辖权是国家之间确立的对国际犯罪进行缉捕、起诉、审判和惩处的重要管辖体系。本文首先论述了传统的四种国际刑事管辖权,即属地管辖权、属人管辖权、保护性管辖权和普遍管辖权。接着本文阐述了前南国际刑事法庭和卢旺迭国际刑事法庭对国际刑事管辖权的发展,然后,本文分析了《国际刑事法院罗马规约》对国际刑事管辖权的挑战。最后,本文分析了我国的从中引发的相关启示。