“和平、发展、稳定与多极化世界”——记首届“中印俄民间和平论坛”

随着全球化的深入发展,民间组织在全球治理中的作用不断加强,在这一趋势下,开展各国民间组织之间的交流与合作,对于探讨和解决全球性问题具有非常重要的意义。而当前全球性金融危机的爆发和蔓延,以及目前地区和全球安全形势的不确定,使得各国之间,特别是力量在不断上升的发展中国家之间有了更明确、更紧迫的合作议题。     

Colombia at War: The Search for a Peace Diplomacy

This essay analyzes Colombian foreign policy over the last three decades with specific emphasis on Bogota's peace diplomacy from 1978 up to 2000 in the context of an ongoing and degrading internal war. Initially, it assumes a modified realist perspective that links international relations with domestic structures. Then, the text defines three models of Colombian peaceful diplomacy according to the purposes, the means, and the rationales employed by the administrations that covered the above-mentioned period. After empirically evaluating the governments of Presidents Turbay, Betancur, Barco, Gaviria, and Samper and the first two years of the presidency of Pastrana, the article concludes with an assessment of the country's peace diplomacy and its impact on internal violence and instability. The foreign policies of the six different mandates show that Colombia never developed an overall, consensual state strategy towards peace, that the multiple peaceful diplomacies were partially successful in terms of sustaining the political regime and that, notwithstanding the latter, the successive governments failed to achieve a genuine resolution to domestic war. Finally, the article calls for a serious, active, and simultaneous state foreign policy and citizen's diplomacy in favor of peace.     

Managing Local Intergovernmental Revenues: The Imperative of Diversification

Abstract

Municipal governments have employed a variety of strategies to address their ongoing revenue crises throughout the past several decades. One such strategy that has been employed with great consistency is the use of intergovernmental revenues (IGR). Given this trend, coupled with the fact that we know little about the dynamics of IGR, this paper presents one of the first multi‐year examinations of its use at the local level. Using data from 76 villages and cities in Cook County, IL (greater Chicago) for 1996–2000, we examine IGR use from the perspective of revenue diversification. The analysis indicates that during this period, local governments in Cook County (1) diversified their own‐source revenues and decreased dependence on the property tax; (2) maintained a consistent dependence on IGR; and (3) diversified and significantly altered their IGR structures. We also examine the demographic and organizational correlates of IGR diversification, and find it to be unrelated to characteristics such as population, property tax base, professional administration, and organizational capacity. As a result, we conclude that IGR diversification is a strategy that ought to be considered by all municipalities regardless of size or structure.     

从巴以直接谈判背后的政治动因看和谈走向

在美国大力斡旋下,巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿巴断与以色列总理内塔尼亚胡于2010年9月2日在华盛顿会晤,这标志着停滞了20个月之久的巴以直接谈判艰难重启。巴以恢复直谈是各方面因素综合作用的结果,其中起决定作用的是美、巴、以三方出于各自政治需要所作的外交抉择。     

Lebanese Christians'Attitudes Toward Israel and the Peace Process

The objectives of this article were (1) to examine what Lebanese Christians think about peace with the Jewish state, not what their officials say about it; (2) to determine whether Lebanese Christians have a distinct position that separates them from their Muslim counterparts vis-à-vis the peace process and normalization of relations with Israel. The findings revealed that Lebanese Christians accept different forms of interaction with Israelis. However, most respondents support peace with Israel, clearly oppose the idea of confrontation with the Jewish state, and call for a unilateral peace treaty with their southern neighbor. Most Lebanese Christians view peace as a major reshuffling force capable of restoring their lost politcal role in the country.     

和平与自主:德国追寻新时期的德意志道路

“德意志道路”是萦绕在德国人脑海中一个 执着追求的梦。在20世纪后半叶,这个梦一度被变幻莫测的冷战风云搅得扑朔迷离。直到上个世纪末两个德国实现统一,长期受到四大战胜国制约、饱受民族分裂痛苦的德国才从历史的羁绊中解脱出来,终于成了享有完全主权的国家,也终于名副其实地走上了“德意志道路”。 实际上,“德意志道路”既是一个发人深思的历史问题,也是一个敏感的现实问题。作为历史问题,任何人都不可能选择和回避;作为现实问题,又不可能     

美国未成年犯罪人的释放安置

基于未成年罪犯所具有的特点，对未成年罪犯执行自由刑的方式与内容也有别于成年罪犯的自由刑，在美国未成年犯罪人的释放安置是指只在监禁期后在社区里监督未成年人。释放安置是未成年人被关进行刑机关（原始刑罚）的最后成份，而不是由法官判处的刑罚，它的最基本功能是在社区里监督未成年人。紧随具有严格时间表的监禁刑之后，设计释放安置是要帮助未成年人过渡到“真正的世界”。     

印巴和平进程演变及前景

2009年9月27日,印度和巴基斯坦两国外长在纽约联大期间举行会晤。双方在会谈中强调要努力发展“睦邻友好关系”,重申对话是解决两国分歧的唯一途径。印巴两国外长纽约会晤是继2009年6月和7月辛格总理分别会见扎尔达里总统和吉拉尼总理后,     

邓小平与和平共处五项原则

五十年前,周恩来总理于1954年6月28日和29日访问印度和缅甸,分别同印度总理尼赫鲁、缅甸总理吴努发表联合声明,倡导了和平共处五项原则.在新的历史时期,邓小平充实和发展了和平共处五项原则的内涵,并创造性运用于我国外交实践中,开创了我国对外关系的新局面;他倡导,和平共处五项原则不仅要成为新型国际关系的指导原则,而且要作为建立国际政治经济新秩序的准则,这将使和平共处五项原则为世界的和平与发展展现出更大的生机和活力.     

Peace and Security in Africa:Opportunities and Challenges for China-Africa Cooperation

This paper seeks to explore some of the security and conflict dimensions of the China-Africa relationship, illustrating what the challenges are, why they are important and what has been done to meet them. Section one provides a brief overview of the different manifestations of conflict and insecurity on the African continent, highlighting that Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) proliferation is a problem that links them all. Section two explores the reasons why China has a stake in the peace and security o...     

中国维和警察:十年征战,捍卫和平

2010年是中国警察参加联合国民事维和行动10周年。然而不幸的是,1月13日,在海地发生的里氏7．3级强烈地震中,正在海地执行维和任务的朱晓平等8位中国维和警察殉职。在8位英烈极尽哀荣的悼念活动中,中国维和警察群体引起了亿万国人和国际社会的普遍关注。     

诺贝尔和平奖:一个新的起点——"穷人银行家"穆罕默德·尤努斯

2006年10月13日,瑞典皇家科学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布,将2006年度诺贝尔和平奖授予孟加拉国的穆罕默德·尤努斯及其创建的乡村银行.     

板球外交--印巴两国首脑推动和谈进程

巴基斯坦总统穆沙拉夫定于4月17日赴印观看印巴板球比赛,这是两国关系缓和的象征,也是两国和谈取得成果的延续.一年多来,在印巴两国首脑的推动下,缓解了2001年印度议会大厦遭袭后的双边紧张局势,开启并推动了两国和谈进程.