评《海外华文教育的历史回顾与梳理》

本文就<海外华文教育的历史回顾与梳理>一文提出不同的意见,主要认为不应将华文教学与华文教育两个概念混为一谈,更不应将中国实施的对外汉语教学与海外华文教育混为一谈.同时,对该文中出现的多处常识性错误做了必要的澄清.     

战前新马华侨女子教育的发展

新马华侨女子教育在二战前,尤其是20世纪30年代获得初步发展,其表现在接受英文教育和中文教育的女生人数增多,女子接受更高一级教育的机会增多,华侨女子英文教育已形成从小学到大学的教育体系,而华文教育也从小学发展到高中教育.战前华侨女子教育的发展,为华侨妇女争取经济独立、社会参与奠定了最初的基础.     

新中国华侨高等教育事业的开拓者--陶铸

在20世纪50年代,陶铸领导筹建了新中国第一所华侨高等学府--暨南大学,并亲自兼任该校校长.他提出了暨大新的办学方针和一系列的办学主张,为在新历史条件下办好华侨高等教育,积极进行实践和探索,其办学成就和经验,在华侨教育史上产生了深远影响.     

华侨华人与中国的关系:侨批业之视角

随着"侨批档案"成功入选2013年6月的《世界记忆名录》,越来越多的人了解和认识到侨批(银信)的特殊价值及其作为人类文化遗产的世界意义,侨批这一世界文献遗产的抢救、保护与研究也得到了积极的推动。但是,曾经承担着侨批的收揽、中转、派送以及汇兑、解付之职责,兼具国际金融和国际邮政两大功能的侨批业、水客业,却并未受到更多的关注,特别是其在新中国成立后的发展轨迹以及作用和影响,更是鲜见学术探讨与总结。随着侨批局(或银信机构)遗址的不断荒芜破败或被征用开发,它们正在迅速而彻底地淡出历史的记忆。今年是中国邮政开办120周年,本文拟从中国转型、构建为近现代化国家以及融入"世界体系"进程的视角,考察和揭示侨批业、水客业在中国近现代     

东盟面临的危机与挑战

本文探讨了东南亚国家联盟作为一个组织机构在这次亚洲金融危机中所起的作用。从各个国家来看 ,成员国们采取各种措施加强对银行的管理 ,加大金融交易的透明度 ,鼓励竞争 ;从双边关系来看 ,东南亚国家联盟成员国们对受影响最严重的国家 ,尤其是对印度尼西亚进行了援助 ;从国际方面来看 ,东南亚国家联盟成员国们共同呼吁发达国家继续开放市场 ,在重新谈判债务问题时更灵活些 ,在实施改革计划时要注意保护贫穷阶层的人士。本文追踪了在一系列会议上东南亚联盟的初衷 ,但是最后得出结论认为现有的经济合作项目有待进一步扩大合作领域 ,进一步加强责任感。     

全球化进程中海外华文教育的含义嬗变及其历史分期——以东南亚地区为例

迄今,海外华文教育已有几百年的历史,期间经历了从华侨教育向华文教育的转变.在全球化进程不断加速发展的今天,海外华文教育的含义发生了嬗变,其内涵不断丰富,外延随之扩大.关于海外华文教育的历史,许多学者多从发展兴衰的角度进行分期,笔者认为从认同转换的角度进行分期,更能体现教育的本质特征和东南亚的地区特征.     

华侨秘密会社的演变及社会实质

华侨秘密会社在海外的建立同华人移民迁移海外有密切的关系.海外华侨秘密会社先在东南亚地区出现,后来随着华人向世界其它地区迁移,华侨秘密会社便在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、古巴等地陆续建立起来.海外华侨秘密会社具有人数众多、与中国本土联系紧密、主要从事经济活动和内部的帮派性等特点.从19世纪末至20世纪初,华侨秘密会社发生了演变.华侨秘密会社的社会实质是:它不仅是一个多层次的社会组织,也是男性型和特殊的小圈子联合体,而且还被确认为是一种社会的反抗组织.     

Surviving Financial Crises: The Chinese Overseas in Malaysia and Singapore

This article analyses key elements of the Thaksin government's public sector reform program since 2001 in the context both of a longer history of public sector reform in Thailand, and of Thaksin's style of political rule. Carefully chosen instruments of new public management reform such as budgeting for results and performance management have been accompanied by an agenda of wholesale restructuring of the bureaucracy. However, these instruments do not include many familiar items of the public management reform agenda. The reforms are best viewed as part of a politicisation strategy aimed at asserting political control at the centre. Managerial reforms are being deployed to reshape the bureaucracy into an instrument of the Thaksin government's political program. In the process, the traditional power of the bureaucracy is being challenged and undermined. The long-term impact of the bureaucratic modernisation program on administrative performance is less certain.     

The Predicament of Writing Political History: The Challenge of the Tacit

Political histories composed by contemporaries (or near contemporaries) are affected by the predicament of confronting the tacit in a past. Three case studies of famous writers of histories of politics in their own times are used to suggest an additional epistemology for political history which relies rather less on representations than has been common since the “Linguistic Turn” privileged the propositional thrall of discourses. My extra element attends to the tacit in human lives: affects and effects in context of the lived‐in and lived‐around of politics. My three case studies suggest that histories of politics and policies by contemporaries and near‐contemporaries do not simply amount to a re‐representation (broadly defined) of past representations (broadly defined). A wide angle is adopted; three case studies treat renowned political historians, ancient, mediæval and modern: Procopius in the mid‐sixth, Commynes in the late‐fifteenth, and A.J.P. Taylor in the mid‐twentieth centuries. Each of these “great” historians of politics was driven to discount the lived‐out‐loud of politics they narrated in, or close to, their own times. The predicament and the response is more general, I believe: all historians of politics have to try to situate and narrate things once taken‐for‐granted. That predicament prompted each of my three — and still prompts historians — to have to transcend “representationalism”. The three cases show how and why history writing about politics also needs to attend to the habitual and tacit in a past, the ubiquitous things seldom represented. A controversial foundation for such an “extra” epistemology is then suggested: Dasein, the being‐of‐being, a key concept of Martin Heidegger's. The writing of political history by contemporaries (or near‐contemporaries) is then conceived as also a (ethnography‐like) study of past life‐worlds‐in‐being. This extra foundation for (very‐old and still current!) writing practices about power and politics emphasises metonyms over metaphors. Surprises discerned from contexts are emphasised over propositions peddled in representations. The metonyms disclosed by my three case studies, which I think apply in most writing about politics by contemporaries or near contemporaries, had to be inferred from contexts, rather than read as discourses. The tacit is elicited by contemporaries from (1) records and recollects of predicaments and situations, and from (2) reading actions as texts. Histories of politics are really about things people once felt and did, more than what they said, in their there‐and‐then.