公众行政参与的法律应对及完善

由于中国特殊的历史文化背景,公众的行政参与无论在法律上还是在实践中,与发达国家相比,都还存在很大差距,但随着中国民主法治进程的不断推进,公众行政参与的落实与实现还是取得了前所未有的成就。就公众行政参与的类别和法律状况观之,应继续完善公众行政参与的路径与制度保障。     

Contact/Shared Residence and Child Well-Being: Research Evidence and its Implications for Legal Decision-Making

This article considers the implications for legal decision-makingof one aspect of research on children’s adjustment toparental separation: the significance for child well-being ofmaintaining a relationship with both parents, either by wayof contact with a non-resident parent or by means of a shared(dual) residence arrangement (known in some jurisdictions as‘joint physical custody’). It is argued that policy-makerswho have rejected recent calls for a statutory presumption ofchild/non-resident parent contact, or of equal division of achild’s time between parents, have acted appropriatelyin the light of the research evidence.     

修改与完善《农业法》若干法律制度的思考

基于现阶段国家保护、支持农业的理念及产业政策的确立和现行<农业法>指导思想、体例结构与重要制度设计上的缺陷,借鉴世界其他国家的立法经验与并结合我国国情,分别对现行<农业法>中的农业投入、农业补贴、农村金融、政策性农业保险等法律制度的完善或重构提出相应的立法建议.     

Framework for Analysis of Legal Mobilization: A Decision-Making Model

The American legal system, structured in an entrepreneurial mode, relies upon the individual actor to personally evaluate the burdens and benefits of invoking the law on his or her own behalf Without discounting the contribution to our understanding of legal mobilization which has been made by the access-to-justice movement, the author argues that focusing on the poor and the distribution of legal services has limited our understanding of the legal system.
The article presents an alternative analytic framework for examination of citizen use of the law. The model of legal mobilization presented focuses on demands rather than needs, on citizens rather than lawyers or judges, on decision making rather than access, and on invoking the law rather than compliance with it. Drawing on the literature and available empirical evidence, the author attempts to analytically clarify the complex process of legal mobilization by organizing relevant variables into a decision-making model that focuses on the individual actor and the factors weighed in deciding whether and how to proceed in mobilizing the law.     

公众参与:服务行政的合法证成与动力供给

服务行政理论起源于德国.服务行政是我国政府行政活动的新兴领域,缺乏合法性资源和足够的动力支持.公众参与,能够为服务行政提供合法性基础和正当性来源,也能够为服务行政增添新的动力供给.构建公众参与制度,对于服务行政具有重要的功能意义.     

Just Cognition: Scientific Research on Bias and Some Implications for Legal Procedure and Decision‐Making

Common law judges have traditionally been concerned about bias and the appearance of bias. Bias is believed to threaten the administration of justice and the legitimacy of legal decision‐making, particularly public confidence in the courts. This article contrasts legal approaches to bias with a range of biases, particularly cognitive biases, familiar to scientists who study human cognition and decision‐making. Research reveals that judges have narrowly conceived the biases that threaten legal decision‐making, insisting that some potential sources of bias are not open to review and that they are peculiarly resistant to bias through legal training and judicial experience. This article explains how, notwithstanding express concern with bias, there has been limited legal engagement with many risks known to actually bias decision‐making. Through examples, and drawing upon scientific research, it questions legal approaches and discusses the implications of more empirically‐based approaches to bias for decision making and institutional legitimacy.     

Principles, Values, and Rules in Legal Decision-Making and the Dimensions of Legal Rationality

Abstract. The author singles out various conceptions of rationality used in practical legal discourse: formal and substantive rationality, instrumental goal- and means-rationality, communicative rationality. Practical rationality is expressed in decisions justified by epistemic and axiological premises according to the rules of justificatory reasoning. Five levels of analysis of this justification are identified. Rules, principles and evaluations are used as justifying arguments and their characteristics determine the dimensions of rationality of decision depending on the features of rules, various conceptions of principles, and kinds of relativisation of evaluations. The dimensions of legal rationality depend mainly on three singled out conceptions of rationality, i.e., formal rationality dealing with the deep structure of justification, instrumentally oriented rationality as content of justifiability, and communicative rationality linked with the pragmatics of human interaction. Legitimacy, according to the presented analysis, appears as a subclass of external justification dealing with axiological premisses in terms of instrumental rationality and/or communicative rationality.     

公共危机管理与行政指导措施

本文考察了公共危机管理中的行政指导措施,阐述了公共危机管理中采用具有特殊功效的行政指导措施是符合行政理性的选择,并指出在公共危机管理中采用行政指导措施的法理基础是行政应急性原则,故须树立现代行政法治观念,有效规范行政指导行为.     

自动化行政的法律控制

自动化行政存在于信息、数据的收集与处理,行政活动电子化以及直接作出行政决定三种情形中,在当下备受关注。它与传统行政活动在主体、程序、裁量等方面都存在差异,由此潜藏了诸多未来可能出现的法律风险,例如信息、数据收集以及处理的错误风险、对个人隐私和数据保护的侵扰风险、算法不透明所引发的风险等。厘清自动化行政的法律控制要素,即从自动化行政的主体、权利、程序几个方面加以考量,将有助于我们对现有的法律体系进行思考、修正、补充并在需要建构新的法律规则的情形下给予及时补足。这也应当是我们当下对待人工智能时代的态度:谨慎且冷静。     

性别分层的法律蕴涵

性别不平等、性别歧视、女人的隐而不见性,都深深地根植于社会结构之中,深受财富、威望和权力之影响。当社会发生变化之时,一切都在改变。人类的性包含了很多社会、文化、历史因素的,性正是被这些因素所构建、所塑就的。自宋至清,无论是寡妇、女儿还是妾的财产继承权都不可和男子的继承权相提并论、同日而语,这俨然是性别在财产方面的一种分层。性别暴力是一种男性支配的表现,不是天生的性欲,当一个文化贬抑女性化特质时,男性就会借由性别暴力和其他形式的支配来贬抑女性。性法律是性分层和性迫害最强有力的根据。因此,性别在法律上得以分层,并成为性别不平等、性别压迫的来源、媒介甚至工具,尽管这种分层是不完全的。     

祖孙三代人 一脉政法情

一面奖状思绪的闸门从一张保存了61年之久的奖状开启。纸张皱皱巴巴有些破损,我小心翼翼地打开,散发出一股很有年代感的墨香奖状正中央为4面红旗簇拥下的毛主席头像,左右竖排分别印刷着“生产必须安全,安全为了生产”的语录,正文足毛笔字手写体,内荇记载为:“代承新同志在1959年10法工作战线上积极苦干,清廉务实,成绩显著,评为先进工作者,以资鼓励,希戒骄戒躁,继续努力,争取更大成就。西乡县人民法院,1959年12月16日”。     

美国和印度ENGO环境公益诉讼制度及其借鉴意义

以ENGO环境公益诉讼推进环境保护是环境保护法得以实施的重要环节,探讨了ENGO环境公益诉讼的内涵,在介绍美国和印度的ENGO环境公益诉讼制度的原告资格、被告,被诉事由、前置程序、限制要件、管辖法院、调查权、裁判结果及费用等内容的基础上.结合中国国情探讨其对中国ENGO环境公益诉的借鉴意义.     

谈法律援助工作的管理

法律援助的管理,是指国家通过设立法律援助制度,促进和规范法律援助工作,提高法律援助实施质量和效率,保障经济困难的公民都能平等地获得必要的法律服务的行为过程。它包括对法律援助机构的管理、法律援助实施的管理和法律援助人员的管理三个方面。一、法律援助机构的管理法律援助机构管理主要应从以下几个方面进行:1、制定规范性文件和工作规章。2003年9月1日开始实施的国务院《法律援助条例》,是中国管理全国法律援助工作的法规依据,各省、市、自治区还颁布的法律援助条例和政府令,是管理本区域法律援助工作的地方性法规。司法部、地方各…