日本老年人雇佣政策及其对中国的启示

日本已进入人口减少及超老龄社会,劳动力不足问题将会制约日本经济未来的发展。为了解决劳动力不足问题,促进老年人就业,日本政府修改了《老年人雇佣稳定法》,制定了继续雇佣制度。这些法律和政策的实施在一定程度上缓解了劳动力短缺问题,基本保障了日本老年人的收入及就业稳定。但也存在大多数企业与职工签订短期非正式雇佣合同等问题。这些经验和问题可为中国进一步完善《老年人权益保障法》及促进老年人再就业提供借鉴。     

The Aral sea environmental crisis: problems and a way forward

A relatively small group of Japanese war veterans has played a major part in creating a favourable image of Burma in Japan. In the early 1950s both Japan and Burma needed a swift agreement on reparations, the Japanese because the export markets and natural resources of South East Asia offered a real opportunity to rebuild the Japanese economy, Burma because economic policy was already faltering and financial aid was needed. The Reparations Agreement between Japan and Burma became the model for ODA agreements with other South East Asian nations and the Japanese committed large sums to Burma, yet the Japanese mercantilist approach was never compatible with the Burmese road to Socialism. Since the imprisonment of Aung San Suu Kyi, some in Japan have promoted a policy of solidarity towards Burma, while others, including the new Prime Minister, Hatoyama have advocated an approach based on concern for human rights.     

日本战后日语教育国际化

战后,随着日本经济大国地位的确立,世界上学习日语的人数不断增多。在日语教育国际化的推广过程中,日本政府通过建立完善体制、设立推广机构、制定发展战略等举措,推动了日语教育国际化的发展。日语教育国际化不仅传播了语言本身,对促进海外了解日本、加强国际文化交流、提升国家形象具有重要作用。     

Asia's deepening financial crisis: Japan as a critical uncertainty

Japan's response to the economic crisis in East Asia is critical, not only for Japan itself but also for the Asia‐Pacific region and for the world. Kent Calder, Special Advisor to the US Ambassador to Japan, argues that the massive Japanese economy can potentially serve as a locomotive for the region, and as a sturdy fire wall to prevent the crisis from spreading. To do this, Japan must stimulate its economy, open markets further to Asian imports, and strengthen its financial system. If it fails, Japan could become part of the problem, instead of part of the solution.     

Direct foreign investment and the Yellow Sea Rim

The article investigates the possibility and problems of direct foreign investment (DFI) in the Yellow Sea Rim. After reviewing the global trends in DFI and major policy issues, the article discusses the perspectives of DFI in the region. It examines the markets for the products made by foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures as well as relocation of industries from South Korea and Japan. By reviewing Japanese experience in operating joint ventures and subsidiaries in China, the article discusses difficulty in managing subsidiaries in the centrally planned economy. A probable consequence of increased DFI will be an expansion of emigration of Chinese citizens to Korea and Japan.     

Getting It Right: Japan and Trans-Pacific Partnership

This paper explores the opportunities presented by the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) to Japan to revitalize its trade policy, bolster economic growth, and increase participation in regional multilateral fora for the 21^st century. Despite its strengths, Japan has continued to face problems caused by its economic, political, and strategic policies. The Japanese economy has been stagnant for the last several decades, and Japan needs to take bold steps to ameliorate this situation. Politically, domestic political paralysis has had a negative impact on Japan's alliances and partnerships and eroded Tokyo's ability to act as a major player in the increasing vital and important Indo-Pacific region. Connected to this, it is imperative for Japan to engage itself deeply in Asia in ways that increase strategic trust. This paper will also highlight the necessary reforms Japan must undertake to take full advantage of the benefits of the TPP, as well as what the TPP might mean for its relationship with both the US and other regional partners.     

战后日本“重返”东南亚与英国的应对

二战后,英国政府不希望日本经济复苏过快,并且不愿看到日本经济过多地染指东南亚。1954年英国促成日本加入由它倡导的科伦坡计划,以便把日本在东南亚的活动尽量纳入其可控范围之内。除此以外,在50年代和60年代前期,英国对日本在东南亚的企图进行了重重阻挠。但是进入60年代中后期,随着日本的经济飞速发展,国力日渐增强,英国已无力阻止日本进入东南亚。英国在日英首脑会晤的场合,不断敦促日本加强对东南亚国家的援助,而日本却一再敦促英国维持在东南亚的军事存在。     

日本农业普及教育的发展及其借鉴

日本农业普及教育产生于“二战”之后,是日本农业发展体系的关键一环,为日本农业的发展提供了强有力的支撑。由于日本经济和社会的发展变化,日本农业普及教育在经济恢复时期、经济高速发展时期、经济低速发展时期的三个发展阶段中呈现出不同的发展特征。研究日本农业普及教育的发展对我国农业普及教育的发展具有一定的启发意义。     

少子高龄化对日本经济的影响及启示——基于劳动力供给的视角

随着日本少子高龄化问题的不断加剧,日本经济受到严重影响,尤其对日本劳动力市场带来巨大挑战。目前,日本劳动力供给数量不足、年龄结构老化、年轻人失业率上升等问题日益凸显,女性劳动力、外国劳动力供给数量的增加虽然对劳动力不足有一定的弥补作用,但不能从根本上解决问题。日本政府一直高度重视少子高龄化带来的问题,并且积极采取措施解决劳动力供给不足现状,促进经济增长。对于少子高龄化速度不断加快的中国来说,为避免出现与日本相似的劳动力供给问题,政府应采取促进经济发展、落实全面放开二胎政策、完善社会保障制度、发展老龄产业等措施,防止未来中国劳动力供给不足问题的出现。     

石原现象及其成因分析

石原现象是日本国内政治环境整体"右倾化"的具体表象之一,以其所代表的右翼势力为主要依托,其主要特点是思想上体现右倾与民族主义情结,行为上进行组织整合、企图问鼎国家政权,在政策主张上修宪、改变国家制度以及外交上的排外反华等;其产生与持续演化,受到日本的经济萧条、政党制度、社会思潮与日本文化的特性等诸多因素共同作用。石原现象不仅冲击了日本政局、毒化了日本社会,也严重损害了中日关系,必须引起重视与警惕。在安倍当政且日本第三极势力崛起后,注重研究石原现象是审视日本内政外交之间多元互动、应对日本在整个国际格局中非良性作用渗透的重要参照物。     

软实力视阈下的日本动漫外交

近年来,日本在经济持续低迷与少子老龄化的背景下,努力寻求通过文化"软实力"来提高国家影响力的新途径。受美国学者约瑟夫·奈的启发,日本政府认识到"动漫"是日本的软实力资源之一,并实施了一系列动漫外交。日本政府的动漫外交促进了日本文化产业的发展,对构建国家形象和提升国家软实力发挥了重要作用。     

Japan's fiscal policy and the East Asian financial crisis

Japanese economic policy has been identified as one possible cause of the East Asian financial crisis that began in July 1997. In this article, Yoichi Okita, Professor of Economics at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, discusses Japan's role in the recovery of East Asian economies. Can and should Japan contribute to that recovery? To what extent is the recession in Japan an important cause of slow recovery in the region? Okita explores and develops the concept of economic policy coordination. Although changes in the Japanese economy were not the origin of the East Asian crisis, he says, prolonged stagnation in Japan is, nevertheless, a drag on the economies that are in trouble. However, one country's fiscal actions alone cannot solve the crisis; rather, all countries in the region should work together to redress the problem.     

Nuclear Policy and Regulation in Japan after Fukushima: Navigating the Crisis

The aftermath of the Fukushima disaster, the worst nuclear accident since Chernobyl, has seen a public debate emerge over the future desirability of nuclear power in Japan. While Japanese citizens’ suspicion of nuclear power has grown, the nuclear industry and electricity utilities have called on the central government to recommission the country’s reactors amid warnings of devastation for the Japanese economy. This article analyses nuclear policy-making in Japan in the aftermath of Fukushima, with the aim to identify key theoretical, institutional and organisational drivers and constraints to future change in Japan’s nuclear energy policy. Despite the growing anti-nuclear sentiment and concerns about the environmental risks of nuclear power, we contend that the continuing power of vested interests will make it difficult for Japan to completely abandon nuclear power during the course of the next decade. However, given the independence of the newly established nuclear regulator and the fact that an effective veto power is held by local government officials, some of whom are opposed to the recommissioning of nuclear plants in their prefectures, we argue that the nuclear policy and regulatory landscape in Japan will undergo moderate change.     

企业持续技术创新与大学生就业的互动关系——从日本企业积极聘用、培养大学生得到的启示

我国高校毕业生就业难的问题反映出了我国境内企业缺乏持续技术创新的物质投入和制度建设。在日本经济的发展过程中，企业的持续技术创新发挥了巨大的作用，其持续的技术创新需求是日本企业积极招聘和培养应届大学毕业生的内在动力。日本企业的科技创新机制和人才培养制度的良性互动作用，造就了日本企业的竞争实力，也是日本实现国家竞争力的基础。日本企业从招聘大学应届毕业生到把其培养成企业的核心员工的过程非常值得我国企业学习和借鉴。只有在我国企业中建立持续创新的制度安排，才能从根本上解决我国大学毕业生就业的问题，保证我国经济的可持续发展。     

The mitsui empire

Abstract

By any standards the House of Mitsui is a remarkable phenomenon. Started 350 years ago as a small provincial Japanese brewing business, it has survived countless wars, calamities of all kinds, changes of government and of system of government, and remains today one of the greatest business, banking and trading conglomerates in Japan. It is also, of course, a multinational giant. A history of the house and of the firm (from which actually the family has now virtually resigned) therefore offers a convenient and manageable frame for a look at some of the long-term developments within the Japanese state and economy. Since it is the kind of perspective from which most academic specialists on Japan shy away, this is therefore a book to be welcomed, the more so since its author is one of the best and best-known journalists writing about Japan, widely known for his thoughtful and incisive pieces in the Far Eastern Economic Review especially.     

The Impact of 3/11 on Japan

The question posed in this paper is whether the triple disaster of 3/11 constitutes a ??critical juncture?? in Japan. We can point to minor discontinuities in Japanese policies, institutions, and identity caused by the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear plant meltdown that eventuated on March 11, 2011, but in the year following the event there was no evidence of a critical change. The disaster and post-disaster situation in Japan are summarized, and an explanation for the lack of critical change in nuclear policy??an area where change might have been expected in view of the fact that European countries reacted to 3/11 with critical changes in nuclear energy policy??is sought by comparing the ability of mainstream theories of Japanese politics to explain the situation.     

The Japan‐US alliance and the Asia‐Pacific region

For the past fifty years the Japan‐US alliance has provided the framework for Asia‐Pacific security, says Jusuf Wanandi, Chairman of the Centre for Strategic International Studies in Indonesia and former research fellow at IIPS. The region's political and economic dynamics are changing, Wanandi says, and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) supports an increased Japanese security role, with regional organizations acting as a conduit. But before Japan will win the confidence of some Asian neighbors, he says, Japan must open its economy, reform its domestic politics, and come to terms with its militaristic past.     

日本陪审制重建之探究

2009年5月,日本正式实施了于2004年通过的《陪审员法》。这是陪审制阔别日本66年后的重生,是日本司法进入新时代的标志。日本在建立陪审制的过程中,经历过失败,又因为种种原因而无法放弃陪审制。如今,陪审制重建,日本政府吸取了历史教训,从本国司法环境出发,对西方陪审制进行了本土化的改造,并利用5年的时间普及新制,为陪审制的正式实施打下了广泛的民众基础。其改革过程,有许多值得中国司法改革借鉴学习之处。     

日本强震及核危机对全球经济的影响

地震、海啸、核安全问题接连发生,日本正在经历史上罕见的“大创伤”。强震、海啸、核危机对日本经济的负面冲击明显大于阪神地震。日本地震后的灾后重建与阪神地震时的财政环境明显不同,地震提高了日本政府的违约风险和隐含的主权债务风险。但对世界经济整体而言,日本大地震不会影响全球经济复苏的步伐。虽然全球股市企稳回升,但“核阴云”笼罩亚太、大宗商品呈现先抑后扬的态势,加之受利比亚战争及发达国家的量化宽松货币政策等外围因素影响,日本大地震使全球金融市场未来面临诸多不确定性。日本地震对中国经济影响有限,灾后重建对中国出口及产业发展带来有利契机。     

A Retrospective View of the Heisei Economy

The Nakasone Yasuhiro Peace Institute (formerly Institute for International Policy Studies) marks its 30th anniversary this year in June 2018. The three decades that the Institute has existed coincide almost perfectly with the length of the Heisei period, as the fact that this is Heisei year 30 indicates. Therefore, in the present article, “Heisei economy” will be the term used in this review of developments in the Japanese economy over the past three decades.