胃内容物推断死亡时间误差分析(附1例报告)

常女 ,7岁。 1 997年 3月 1 5日下午 6时左右失踪 ,次日发现被人抛尸于村外河沟内。尸检见常女发育正常 ,营养中等 ,尸斑不明显 ,尸僵存在于全身各处 ,较强硬。颈部有一索沟 ,有表皮剥脱及点状皮肤出血。颜面部青紫 ,口鼻有血性液体 ,口唇粘膜有点状出血。双眼球睑结膜有点状出血。处女膜完整 ,小阴唇内侧面有点片状膜内出血。解剖见颈部皮下及肌肉无明显出血 ,心脏浆膜面有点状出血 ,内部窒息征象明显。胃基本呈充盈状态 ,胃内容物呈半糊状 ,重约 30 0 ｇ ,其内容物可分辨出有梨皮、菠菜、大米、面疙瘩、粉条等。根据胃内容的量及消化程度…     

胃内容推断死亡时间的误差(附2例报告)

尽管有许多推断死亡时间的方法,但运用胃内容消化和排空情况推断死亡时间简单易行,具有相当重要的实践意义.在法医学教科书中,运用胃内容消化和排空情况推断死亡时间已有论述.一般说来,食后不久即死亡者, 胃内容移向十二指肠,约在食后2～3h;胃、十二指肠均已空虚,则死亡可能发生在食后6h以上[1].但在实际检案中,有时我们感到运用胃内容消化和排空情况推断餐后死亡时间,与书中提供的时间相差较大.现对本地区两例凶杀案件根据教科书介绍的胃内容推断死亡时间方法造成错误推断,谈谈我们的体会.     

根据胃内容物和进食种类推断死亡时间1例

1案件简介马某,女,21岁,某年12月18日16时被人发现死于家中床上。尸检中见胃内腐败气体充盈,剪开胃壁,胃内有约50g未消化食物,可辨有成型的米线、韭菜等物;剪开十二指肠,未检见食物。侦查中查明死者最后一餐进食是在12月14日19时,进食内容为炒米线,添加佐料为韭菜、牛肉沫等。马某尸体已高度腐败,要准确推断死亡时间,只能依据胃内容物的消化程度并结合死前最后一餐的进食时间来确定死亡时间。     

胃内容物10小时不全排空1例

死亡时间的准确推断是法医工作的一个重要方面，也是相当复杂的问题，它对准确地划定侦查范围有着重要的意义。基层法医，主要根据尸僵、尸斑等尸体现象以及胃内容物消化程度来分析死亡时间。在实际工作中，我们遇见胃内容物10小时不全排空一例，现报告如下。     

根据尸蜡化尸体胃内容物推断死亡时间1例

尸蜡化尸体能保存某些生前损伤痕迹及相关物证,有助于进行死因判断、损伤分析、个人识别、查找尸源等,在法医工作实践中具有重要的意义。目前尸蜡的相关报道更多倾向于尸蜡的形成条件及机理和尸蜡保存损伤的研讨,而关于用尸蜡化尸体胃内容物情况推断死亡时间的报道不多见,本例为埋于土中2．5年的尸蜡化尸体,根据其胃内容物情况进行死亡时间推断报道如下。     

颅脑损伤后胃内容物不消化超过48小时1例

法医实践工作中,根据胃、肠内容物的消化程度推断早期死亡时间是比较简单易行的方法之一,正常情况下进食后6小时胃和十二指肠内容物完全排空[1]。年龄、疾病、生活习惯、药物、食物种类和性状等因素会导致胃内容物排空延缓[2],作者在司法鉴定工作中,发现某死者因颅脑损伤昏迷住院超过48小时后死亡,而尸体解剖发现胃内大量完整、未消化的米粒,报道如下。     

冬季利用蝇蛆推断死亡时间1例分析

1　案例资料1 1　简要案情2 0 0 1年 1月 12日下午 2时 ,五里乡五里村群众在高速公路荷花垅收费站附近路边山坡草丛里发现一具无名尸体 ,要求派员勘验。1 2　尸检有关情况尸体周围有芭茅草遮掩。尸体上身低 ,下身高仰于斜坡上 ,揭开芭茅杂草 ,打开覆盖头颈部的上衣见尸体无头 ,     

利用现场勘验信息推断死亡时间1例

1案例资料1．1简要案情张某,男,63岁,离异。2009年4月8日,其女儿（外嫁到五河县）到蚌埠为其父晾晒棉衣、被,敲门无人应答,找来锁匠将门打开,发现其父平躺在靠东墙的床上,已死亡。遂报案。     

晚期尸体现象推断死亡时间出现偏差1例分析

死亡时间推断是公安机关法医尸体检验工作的重要任务之一,对认定或排除嫌疑人有无作案时间、划定侦查范围具有重要价值.近年来,法医学领域对死亡时间推断的研究已经深入到了分子水平 [1],但目前仍没有一种简便、准确,适用于实战的方法.在命案现场,往往需要短时间内推断死亡时间,利用尸体现象仍是主要的工作方法.但该方法受尸体内在因...     

溺水后胃内容物吸入窒息死亡1例

1　案例资料死者陈某 ,女 ,2 4岁 ,农民。某年 8月 4日上午 11时 3 0分左右吃绿豆稀饭后与朋友多人一同外出 ,下午 3时许吃苹果 1个 ,下午 4时许与朋友共 3人一同到一水库中游泳 ,不幸沉入深水中。尸体于次日上午 8时 5 0分浮出水面 ,立即进行解剖检验。尸长 160cm ,发长 2 0cm ,赤足 ,身着绿色泳装 ,内穿粉红胸罩及白色弹力短裤。尸斑呈暗红色 ,双手十指甲床紫绀 ,四肢末端浸渍 ,双眼睑结膜见少许小出血点 ,上下唇紫绀 ,无蟹沫 ,牙关紧闭 ,口鼻腔见大量褐色胶冻状固体物质 ,该固体物质间夹杂少许细小片状青绿色果皮。气管、支气管及细小支…     

X线数字图像法推断前臂骨折形成时间

目的利用X线数字图像法推断前臂骨折形成的时间。方法收集70例前臂骨折患者随访的620张X线数字图像,根据X线检查骨折愈合评判标准列表,将骨折愈合过程分为5级,利用Photoshop的图像处理和测量功能,对不同年龄组、不同治疗方式的患者骨折愈合过程相关放射学标志进行观察和测量,运用SPSS11.5软件对各级愈合时间进行分析。结果年龄和手术与否分别是影响骨折愈合的独立因素,根据不同年龄、不同治疗方式可以得到各级愈合时间列表。以愈合Ⅲ级的出现时间为例,青年组采用石膏固定治疗的,平均时间为12.2周,采用手术治疗的,需要18周,而少年组采用石膏固定治疗的,则只需5.8周。结论根据骨折愈合过程中X线数字图像指标,对患者进行分组观察,可提高推断骨折形成时间的准确度。     

Tissue distribution of olanzapine in a postmortem case

Olanzapine is a relatively new antipsychotic drug used in the United States for the treatment of schizophrenia. Since its release in the United States market in 1996, few cases of fatal acute intoxication have been reported in the literature. This article describes the case of a 25-year-old man found dead at home who had been prescribed olanzapine for schizophrenia. This case is unique because of the measurement of olanzapine in brain tissue obtained from seven regions in addition to the commonly collected biologic matrices. Olanzapine was detected and quantitated by basic liquid-liquid extraction followed by dual-column gas chromatographic analysis with nitrogen phosphorus detection. The assay had a limit of detection of 0.05 mg/L and an upper limit of linearity of 2 mg/L. The presence of olanzapine was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry by use of electron impact ionization. The concentrations of olanzapine measured in this case were as follows (mg/L or mg/kg): 0.40 (heart blood), 0.27 (carotid blood), 0.35 (urine), 0.61 (liver), negative (cerebrospinal fluid), 0.33 mg in 50 ml (gastric contents). In the brain, the following distribution of olanzapine was determined (mg/kg): negative (cerebellum), 0.22 (hippocampus), 0.86 (midbrain), 0.16 (amygdala), 0.39 (caudate/putamen), 0.17 (left frontal cortex), and 0.37 (right frontal cortex). The cause of death was determined to be acute intoxication by olanzapine, and the manner of death was accidental.     

Determination of postmortem interval by arthropod succession: a case study from the Hawaiian Islands

A postmortem interval of 34 to 36 days was established for remains recovered on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, based on interpretations of patterns of arthropod succession on the remains. This interval was primarily based on the presence of adult specimens of Philonthus longicornis (family Staphylinidae), mature larvae of Piophila casei (family Piophilidae), and empty puparial cases of Chrysomya rufifacies (family Calliphoridae). Species and developmental stages of two additional Coleoptera species and three additional Diptera species were also present, which was consistent with the estimated interval, although not definitive.     

Estimation of postmortem interval by arthropod succession. Three case studies from the Hawaiian Islands

Three instances of estimation of postmortem interval using computer-assisted entomological techniques on the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands are presented. While postmortem intervals were similar for all cases (4-5 1/2 days), recovery of the remains in differing habitats (xerophytic, mesophytic, and swamp) on the island resulted in significant differences in gross appearance of the remains, which could have resulted in the determination of different postmortem intervals in the absence of entomological techniques.     

A case of strangulation with postmortem amputation of the penis

A case of homicide with postmortem amputation of the penis was described. The penis found later in a home freezer in the apartment of the culprit showed "zigsaw" fit to the victim. In order to substantiate the morphological findings, phenotypes of three isozymes, phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and esterase D (EsD) together with ABO blood type were determined in the skin of the penis amputated. All of the four genetic markers determined with the penis were the same as those determined with heart blood of the victim.     

Comparison of different techniques for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction

A study was performed on 74 medicolegal autopsy cases for the purpose of comparing the reliability of four different techniques (haematoxylin-eosin stain, acridine orange method, formazan test and K/Na ratio) used for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Although the results showed that the formazan test and K/Na ratio give a good reliability to rule out a myocardial infarction, the most specific technique for the diagnosis of infarct is the formazan test.     

Death time estimation in case work. II. Integration of different methods

The mean value of the time of death is not reliable because of the great variability of the time-dependent criteria of dead bodies. However, it is possible to narrow down a reliable time period for a stated death by means of the lower and upper limits of error of different criteria. The external data of lividity, rigor, mechanical and electrical excitability of facial muscles and the chemical excitability of the iris have all been gathered from literature, chronologically arranged and clearly presented. After rectal temperature measurement and a corresponding nomogram reading, it is simple to choose other suitable criteria and to integrate them with the aid of a chart thus producing a rational and practical procedure for use at a scene of crime.     

美沙酮中毒死亡1例报告

美沙酮属于二苯甲烷类化合物,是人工合成的强效阿片受体激动剂.由于耐受性、成瘾性发生慢,症状轻,为临床上用于治疗阿片类药物依赖的有效药物(美沙酮维持疗法治疗项目Me thadone Maintenance Treatment Program,MMTP).随着MMTP项目的开展,陆续有美沙酮中毒的案例报道.本文报道一例误用美沙酮中毒死亡案例.