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目测耻骨联合面的骨性标志判断死者年龄 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
应用耻骨联合面上的形态学变化,推断死者的性别及年龄,在目前法医人类学中是一种比较客观且较准确的办法之一。笔者将十几年来法医工作中积累的70余副耻骨联合,进行了耻骨联合面的骨性标志的观察及比对,并将其应用到实际案例中,通过对70余副性别不同各年龄段的死者耻骨联合的观 相似文献
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传统的计算耻骨联合年龄的方法需要操作者将肉眼观察后得出的各变量值逐一代入方程,然后再进行计算,这种方法相对耗时而且容易出现计算错误。本文介绍了一种利用Excel快速推断耻骨联合年龄的方法,将数量化理论Ⅰ方程、多元逐步回归方程植入Excel中,利用LOOKUP和SUM公式对数据进行处理,制作成特定的格式,操作者只需依次点击形态变化便可最终得出耻骨联合的年龄。这种方法相对简便、快捷,不容易出现错误。 相似文献
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在法医鉴定工作中,根据耻骨联合面的形态变化来鉴别青春期后人骨的年龄,已被认为是较实用的方法之一,根据耻骨联合枝角度判断男女性别准确率可达100%。因此,收集和研究人体耻骨联合对碎尸案件、无名尸体案件和重大群死事件尸体的年龄、性别鉴定具有重要意义。但是,在收集处理耻骨联合标本工作中,遇到的关键问题是如何处理好标本,常用的强碱浸泡法、强碱煮沸法、水煮法都有脏、臭、易 相似文献
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目的建立基于MRI成像的快速耻骨联合三维结构重建技术方法。方法利用3.0 T超导磁共振仪对成年男性志愿者骨盆进行T1小角度快速激发3D梯度回波序列扫描,进行二值化阈值分割、区域增长提取骨盆软组织图像;运算获得耻骨联合三维结构模型雏形,经逆向工程软件降噪处理建立耻骨联合三维结构模型,并与耻骨CT扫描三维结构重建模型进行比较。结果耻骨联合面沟嵴、下端、腹侧缘(斜面)、背侧缘(斜面)、耻骨结节等结构显示完整,无明显噪点,与CT扫描三维重建模型吻合较好。结论 MRI扫描成像可实现快速有效的耻骨联合三维结构重建,可为法医活体年龄推断提供安全无辐射作用的三维可视化影像学技术方法。 相似文献
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1.1简要案情
2011年3月13日下午2:00,某市区小区门际室化粪池窨井内发现1具尸骸,3月14日,民警在复勘现场时,在另一房间的窨井内又发现2具重叠放置的尸骸。 相似文献
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在法医实践中,利用耻骨联合推断年龄的方法得到了广泛应用和不断发展.根据耻骨联合推断年龄,理论上要求年龄在14岁~30岁期间,误差仅±1岁;在30岁~50岁期间,误差为±2岁.但南于骨骼的年龄变化受多因素影响,可产生形态变异,影响年龄判断,利用耻骨联合推断年龄也难免出现较大偏差.笔者在实际工作中遇见两例利用耻骨联合面推断年龄时,结果出现较大偏差,且偏差都在10岁以上.本文结合法医工作者的法医实践,参考相关文献,对造成此偏差的原因进行分析讨论. 相似文献
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耻骨联合面推断年龄显著偏差1例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
1案例在某工地旁发现一具白骨化无名女尸。提取耻骨联合经水煮法后,联合面见嵴残痕,背侧缘腹侧斜面形成,据此推断年龄25岁左右。经侦查人员查找尸源,根据死者衣物及义齿特征认定了死者,实际年龄为36岁。2讨论此案例之所以出现年龄推断与实际差距大,笔者认为,可能受以下因素影响:⑴性别因素,女性耻骨联合面的形态变化有的较男性早3~4年,有的较男性晚7~8年,故在根据耻骨联合面鉴定年龄时应考虑性别因素,再鉴定骨龄。⑵个体各躯干骨之间的发育存在时间上的差异。本例提取的死者颅骨经水煮法后,基底缝消失,愈合处见浅沟嵴,提示… 相似文献
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Although much has been learned in recent years about the victimization experiences of women, there remains a considerable knowledge gap with respect to the victimization of women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. In order to confront this issue, we use the large number of cases available in the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992–2000) to examine the risk and protective factors associated with violent victimization among non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American women. We then describe in more detail the violent incidents against these women, looking for distinguishing patterns across groups. Our results are useful for fine‐tuning theories of victimization to explain variance in violence for females across racial and ethnic subgroups. 相似文献
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THE LANGUAGE OF STIGMATIZATION AND THE MARK OF VIOLENCE: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF CRIMINAL RECORD STIGMA 下载免费PDF全文
After years of stagnation, labeling theory has recently gained new empirical support. Simultaneously, new policy initiatives have attempted to restructure criminal record stigma to reduce reintegration barriers, and subsequent recidivism, driven by labeling. For example, in a recent Department of Justice (DOJ) language policy, person‐first terms (e.g., “person with a conviction”) were substituted for crime‐first terms (e.g., “offender”). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has also issued guidelines to structure how decision‐makers use criminal records. Unfortunately, little is currently known about the social construction and use of criminal record stigma or the potential effects of such policy changes. In the current study, we provide two unique empirical tests. In study 1, we examine the social construction of stigma by testing DOJ's language policy with experimental data from a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 996). In study 2, we use a separate nationwide experiment (N = 1,540) to examine how the contextualization of criminal records influences social exclusion decisions. Across both studies, we find consistent evidence of a “mark of violence.” The public perceives that individuals with violent convictions are the most likely to commit future crimes, and it is more supportive of excluding these individuals from employment. Crime‐first terms exacerbate perceived recidivism risk for individuals with violent convictions. 相似文献
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JOHN H. LAUB 《犯罪学》2004,42(1):1-26
The field of criminology lacks a sense of its own history. To rectify this situation, I apply the concepts and framework of the life‐course perspective to the development of criminology as a discipline. Examining criminology in the United States over the last 100 years, I discuss three eras (or life‐course phases), intellectual continuities and turning points in the field. My thesis is that if we knew our history, we would realize that ideas about crime matter. I offer a revised version on how to view criminology and in doing so address the theme of the 2003 annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, “The Challenge of Practice, the Benefits of Theory.” 相似文献
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颅骨骨折断面细微结构的观察研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
作者利用扫描电子显微镜,对颅骨骨折断面上微细结构的形态学特征进行了观察与研究,发现在颅骨骨折断面上有微细的骨折裂线,向断面深部的骨质中延伸,其宽度为5至100um不等,主要分布在颅骨外板内,或外板与板障的交界处.分布于板障内的微细裂线可造成骨小梁横行、纵行和螺旋形骨折.骨折时,骨基质中的胶原纤维束可被分离或断裂,各胶原纤维层可分开.骨内血管可被骨折裂线横断或纵形撕裂,损伤的血管可被从哈佛氏管中拉出.生前骨折时,在微细裂线的深方可清楚见到纤维蛋白网和红细胞相互粘集,死后骨折则未见到此现象.本文还探讨了颅骨骨折发生的机理和推断生前骨折的可能性. 相似文献
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显示和判定心肌早期病变的染色方法研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
作者用探讨的变色酸2R亮绿法和其他10余种染色方法,对心血管病猝死的尸检心肌和经心电、Mb、CPK、LDH、SOD诊断有急性心肌损伤的多种大量动物实验材料观察结果,证明心肌早期病变有染色性质异常,对显示和判定心肌早期病变有实用价值。提出并讨论了心肌早期病变及其显示、判定方法。 相似文献