中国石油安全脆弱性问题分析

石油安全的脆弱性问题是一个国家石油安全的核心问题.脆弱性问题包括了国家石油安全的外部风险和内部保障能力两个方面,更真实而全面地反映了一个国家石油安全的实际状况.通过对我国石油安全国内外环境的分析,可以发现,现阶段我国石油安全的脆弱性程度偏高.石油安全问题的重点在于随着石油对外依存度的提高,国内的安全保障能力建设不足.因此,石油安全政策研究的重点不仅要放在密切关注外部风险上,更要放在注重内部能力建设问题上.     

Iran's Financial Stake in Caspian Oil

Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, the questions of how to divide the Caspian Sea and transport its oil and gas have not been resolved and have become more problematic because of outside interference. It is in Iran's financial interest to take the initiative and either accept a smaller section of the Caspian Sea—if guaranteed the opportunity to participate in the transport of its hydrocarbons—or propose an Iranian solution of creating a joint Caspian oil and gas company that would get the hydrocarbons out more quickly and efficiently.     

略论21世纪的石油地缘政治学

本文探讨了21世纪石油地缘政治学的基本研究内容,即全球的石油分布、供应和需求与地缘政治的紧密联系及相互影响。在经济全球化时代,随着中国的石油安全与世界石油市场的联系越来越密切,中国应加强对石油地缘政治的研究。     

Oil Funds: Perils and Opportunities

Soaring oil prices since the early 2000s has led to a historic transformation of wealth from consuming regions to major oil exporters. In recent years many of these exporters have set up oil funds to utilize their massive and growing oil revenues. These funds are divided into two categories – stabilization and saving funds. Their large investments in Western markets have raised concern that they might be driven by political and strategic interests rather than commercial concerns. This study examines oil funds in the Persian Gulf. It discusses US and European proposals to regulate oil fund investments and argue against excessive regulation.     

从丝绸之路到石油之路

丝绸之路千年之后又获重生,尽管现在称它石油之路更为合适.现在丝绸(且不提电脑部件、衣服和玩具)依旧由东流向西,但石油却正在向东奔流,而且不久天然气也会加入其中.     

Constraints in Gas for Oil Substitution in the USSR: The Oil Refining Industry and Gas Storage

While Soviet oil output peaked in the early 1980s, natural gas output grew rapidly. As a result the Soviets have sought to use more natural gas as a boiler fuel, freeing petroleum for the higher priority mobile and chemical uses. Lack of depth in Soviet oil refining and lack of gas storage capacity are the two key constraints in this gas-for-oil substitution strategy. This paper considers the prospects for easing these constraints by restructuring the petroleum refining industry, and providing enough gas storage capacity to supply all gas demand during the winter. Journal of Economc Literature, Classification Numbers: 124, 723.     

The Future of the Nigerian Oil Industry

This paper, unlike the two preceding, implies a considerablebreak with the past. It was written in 1944 by the United AfricaCompany, whose particular outlook, inevitably specialised, doesnot necessarily vitiate its social cogency.     

China’s Oil Venture in Africa

Oil has long been viewed as a strategic resource for nations. China is now the world’s second largest oil-consuming country after the U.S.. Its global efforts to secure oil imports to meet increasing domestic demand have profound implications for international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. China’s rising oil demand and its external quest for oil have thus generated much attention. As China’s overseas oil quest intensifies, will China clash with the U.S. and other western countries’ interests in Africa, and how dose it look at this rivalry? Will China disrupt the U.S. and its allies’ foreign policy and the world order? This article tries to provide an overview of China’s initiatives in developing oil in Africa. It examines factors for Chinese oil companies going to Africa and China’s oil strategy there. Finally, it argues that even though China’s practices of energy diplomacy in Africa seem to undermine U.S. goals of isolating or punishing “rogue states”, contrary to those pessimistic views, China has largely accommodated the U.S. and is willing to forge joint efforts with the U.S. in energy exploration in Africa.     

上海合作组织与中国的石油战略

本文拟针对对中国的能源消费特别是石油消费的现状 ,分析上海合作组织对中国石油战略的重大意义 ,并进而探讨中国的石油战略。     

China and the Worldwide Search for Oil Security

The notion of oil security on a global scale is problematic because of the diverging perspectives with which oil-importing countries and oil-exporting countries view energy security. Oil-importing countries are interested in “oil supply” while oil-exporting countries focus on “oil demand.” This leaves ample space for major powers to maneuver within the complex political-economic dynamics associated with oil trade. China has been no exception.

This commentary addresses the international debate that has emerged concerning the geo-strategic and geo-economic motivations behind China's pursuit of offshore oil supply. By examining China's oil-related overseas investments in Sudan we shed light on some of the business and political complexities associated with the China-Sudan relationship. In the view of many Chinese observers, Sudan has in terms of oil exploration been a Chinese success story while in the view of many foreign observers, China's dealings in Sudan are the very reason why China has faced harsh international criticism of its overseas oil operations.

Instead of debating whether or not China has the right, just as all oil-importing countries do, to pursue its own route to oil security we encourage oil-importing countries to re-examine the existing mechanisms of oil trade. It is in the interest of China as well as the established economies to collaborate in shaping a new global structure for oil trade.     

Russia and Caspian Oil: Moscow Loses Control

A senior specialist on the Soviet and Russian economies examines issues surrounding the prominence of Caspian Sea oil in Russian policy. Attention is devoted to the evolution of Russian policy toward ownership of seabed resources, participation in international development consortia, and the routes, construction, and ownership of pipelines connecting the Caspian to world markets. Each issue is treated as one that engages the economics, politics, and security dimensions of international relations. Alternative scenarios for the future are outlined.     

国际油价上涨对印度经济的影响

从历史上看,国际油价每一次大幅上涨都会对世界经济产生负面影响.本文分析了2004年以来,国际油价上涨对印度经济的影响,以及印度政府的应对措施.虽然印度经济受国际油价影响的绝对程度不大,但相对程度较大.按照目前国际油价的发展趋势,印度经济面临着越来越大的压力,这引起了印度政府的高度重视.油价对印度经济未来的影响有待进一步观察.