Measuring U.S. innovative activity: business data at the U.S. Census Bureau

Innovation is seen as a source of strength and vitality in the U.S. economy. Better measures of innovative activity—including but not limited to innovation alone—could improve what we know about the sources of productivity and economic growth. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on some measures of innovative activity that research shows affect economic performance. But understanding how the effects work requires more than just measures of innovative activity. It also requires solid statistical information about core measures of the economy so we can rule out the possibility that a measure of innovative activity merely proxies for something omitted from or measured poorly in the core data. Gaps in core measures can be filled by better integrating existing data and by more structured collections of new data. Versions of this paper were presented at the NSF/SRS Workshop, Advancing Measures of Innovation: Knowledge Flows, Business Metrics, and Measurement Strategies, Arlington VA, June 6–7, 2006, and circulated to the Advisory Committee on Measuring Innovation in the 21st Century Economy, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. This paper is unofficial and thus has not undergone the review accorded to official Census Bureau publications. Lucia Foster, Ron Jarmin, Jeffrey Mayer, Thomas Mesenbourg, and Daniel Weinberg, and the editors made valuable comments. However, the views expressed in the paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau.     

Correction to: Border crossings from Mexico to the U.S. and the role of border homicides

Crime, Law and Social Change -     

定性·归因·重构（上）——浙江省戒毒模式研究报告

一、定性关于吸毒行为的社会定性,惯常提法有:社会病、社会消极现象、社会问题。其中,最常用的概念是'社会问题",它成为当今世界四大问题之一,即失业、犯罪、吸毒、环境。说吸毒行为是社会问题,是有理由的,因为人们的思维惯性,在提到"问题"时是把它做负面理解和表述的。换句话说,这种行为是社会的负面现象,消极行为,为人类社会所谴责的行为,它给社会带来难以想象的灾害性后果。我们的研究是在此基础上换一种思考角度,即从吸毒与犯罪之间关系开始讨论。换句话说,既然吸毒即是犯罪,为什么国际上通行的观念把吸毒行为与犯罪行为并列,二者的区别与联系是什么?我们想从二者之间的关系中展开对吸毒行为所独     

Border crossings from Mexico to the U.S. and the role of border homicides

Crime, Law and Social Change - This paper examines northbound crossings of personal vehicles and pedestrians from Mexico to the U.S. Sample size from January 1997 to December 2019 includes the...     

Women in the U.S. Armed Services:

No abstract available for this article.     

法律职业共同体形成了吗(上)——以辩护律师调查权问题为切人的分析

根据1996年修改后的<刑事诉讼法>,律师在审查起诉阶段可以行使调查取证的权利.相对于修改前的<刑事诉讼法>要求律师只能在庭审准备阶段进行有限调查的规定而言,这种修改显然是对律师调查权的更加完善的保障,属于刑事辩护制度的重大进步.     

Independence of data privacy authorities (Part I): International standards

Part I of this article analyses the views of learned commentators on what constitutes the ‘independence’ of data protection authorities (DPAs). It concludes that a more satisfactory answer needs to be found in the international instruments on data privacy and on human rights bodies, their implementation and judicial interpretation, and in the standards that have been proposed and implemented by DPAs themselves. It finds that only the OECD and APEC privacy agreements did not require a DPA (and therefore have no standards for its independence). Thirteen factors were identified as elements of ‘independence’ across these instruments and standards, five of which were more commonly found than others. Part II of the article will consider how these criteria have been implemented in laws in the Asia-Pacific.     

Technology transfer: Water purification,U.S. Army to the civilian community

The Logistics Support Laboratory at the Belvoir Research and Development Center is responsible for the development of water purification equipment for the field Army. Developing water purification systems for military use has led to technological breakthroughs which have benefitted the civilian community. Two examples are the evaluation of the Army's ERDLator for the decontamination of water polluted with asbestos fibers, and design of a plant for the soluble-sulfide precipitation of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.     

Placement of gamma-butyrolactone in List I of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(34)). Drug Enforcement Administration, Justice. Final rule

Public Law 106-172, signed into law on February 18, 2000, and known as the "Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Drug Prohibition Act of 1999," amends section 102(34) of the Controlled Substances Act as amended (CSA) by designating gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), the precursor to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), as a List I chemical. Reflecting this change in stature, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is amending its regulation to reflect the status of GBL as a List I chemical subject to the requirements of the CSA and its regulations. Establishment of a threshold for GBL will be the subject of a separate rulemaking. Therefore, unless and until a threshold is established, any distribution of GBL is a regulated transaction as described by 21 CFR 1300.02(b)(28). All handlers of GBL must comply with the CSA regulatory requirements pertaining to List I chemicals as described in the body of this document.     

Y-SNP typing of U.S. African American and Caucasian samples using allele-specific hybridization and primer extension

Multiplex analysis of genetic markers has become increasingly important in a number of fields, including DNA diagnostics and human identity testing. Two methods for examination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a potential for a high degree of multiplex analysis of markers are primer extension with fluorescence detection, and allele-specific hybridization using flow cytometry. In this paper, we examined 50 different SNPs on the Y-chromosome using three primer extension multiplexes and five hybridization multiplex assays. For certain loci, the allele-specific hybridization method exhibited sizable background signal from the absent alternate allele. However, 100% concordance (>2000 alleles) was observed in ten markers that were typed using both methods. A total of 18 unique haplogroups out of a possible 45 were observed in a group of 229 U.S. African American and Caucasian males with the majority of samples being assigned into 2 of the 18 haplogroups.     

全球行政法的产生(上)

一引言:被忽视的全球行政法的兴起 尽管很少得到关注,但是重要并处于发展中的全球行政法正在塑造着全球治理的新模式.的确,这个法律体系目前尚不统一,也还不是一个有序的学术或实践领域.纽约大学法学院的全球行政法研究项目<'[1]>就是将各种国内、跨国和国际框架中与全球治理中的行政法相关的研究系统化的一项努力.借助该项目第一阶段形成的理念,在本文中我们首先从这些多样化的实践中确定一些充分深刻和影响深远、从而构成全球行政法雏形的共性和关联模式.我们指出一些促进共同路径发展的因素和增进该领域一体化程度的学习、借鉴和参照机制.     

Population data on the thirteen CODIS core short tandem repeat loci in African Americans, U.S. Caucasians, Hispanics, Bahamians, Jamaicans, and Trinidadians

Allele distributions for 13 tetrameric short tandem repeat (STR) loci, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, VWA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, and D21S11, were determined in African American, United States Caucasian, Hispanic, Bahamian, Jamaican, and Trinidadian sample populations. There was little evidence for departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) in any of the populations. Based on the exact test, the loci that departed significantly from HWE are: D21S11 (p = 0.010, Bahamians); CSF1PO (p = 0.014, Trinidadians); TPOX (p = 0.011, Jamaicans and p = 0.035, U.S. Caucasians); and D16S539 (p = 0.043, Bahamians). After employing the Bonferroni correction for the number of loci analyzed (i.e., 13 loci per database), these observations are not likely to be significant. There is little evidence for association of alleles between the loci in these databases. The allelic frequency data are similar to other comparable data within the same major population group.