全球化时代的科技安全和我国面临的挑战及对策

全球化在推动国家安全内涵拓展的同时,亦催生了科技安全的兴起,并且在国家安全的构成中科技安全的作用呈现出越来越突出的趋势。国家科技安全即国家安全的科技化,包含了以科技系统为目的和以科技为手段的综合安全态势。在全球化背景下我国科技安全面临着一系列重大的挑战,因此必须从战略高度思考积极的应对之策,强化我国的科技安全,为我国国家安全提供稳固的支撑和有效的保障。     

新时代中国特色国家安全道路创新研究

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央,在新时代中国特色社会主义事业全局中,把准国家安全历史方位,为新时代中国特色国家安全道路奠定实践基点;创新国家安全指导思想,为新时代中国特色国家安全道路奠定理论基础;成立中央国家安全委员会,为新时代中国特色国家安全道路完善领导体制;完善国家安全治理体系,为新时代中国特色国家安全道路健全工作机制;构建国家安全法治体系,为新时代中国特色国家安全道路奠定法治基础;着力防范化解重大风险,为新时代中国特色国家安全道路明确中心任务。在实践创新和理论创新推动下,国家安全工作取得历史性成就,实现全方位、多领域协同发展,走出一条中国特色国家安全道路,为实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标以及中华民族伟大复兴保驾护航。     

构建新安全格局:国家安全体系和能力现代化

国家安全是民族复兴的根基,社会稳定是国家强盛的前提。必须坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观,把维护国家安全贯穿党和国家工作各方面全过程,确保国家安全和社会稳定。党的二十大报告用专章对推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,坚决维护国家安全和社会稳定进行全面部署,这在党的历次全国代表大会上是第一次。新安全格局的核心就是推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,据此需要健全国家安全体系、增强维护国家安全能力、提高公共安全治理水平、完善社会治理体系。     

总体国家安全观视野下的文化安全观

正总体国家安全观包含政治安全、国土安全、军事安全、经济安全、文化安全、社会安全、科技安全、信息安全、生态安全、资源安全、核安全11个重点领域的安全,文化安全是国家安全的重要组成部分之一。维护文化安全是维护国家安全的一个重要方面,是协调推进"四个全面"战略布局的重要保障。一、文化安全在国家安全中的重要性1.国家文化安全状况是整个国家安全状况的重要标志。冷战结束后,除了在经济、科技、军     

系统构建国家安全法治实施体系

国家安全法治建设是推进全面依法治国、建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要构成,是贯彻落实总体国家安全观、有效维护国家安全的法治保障。相对于不断完善的国家安全法律制度体系,面对层次丰富、领域广泛、种类繁多的国家安全法律体系,如何全面实施国家安全法律,构建高效的国家安全法治实施体系,是当前国家安全法治建设中面临的最为迫切的问题。非传统安全法律体系相对缺失,已有的国家安全法治实施体系偏重于传统安全领域,国家安全法治实施中的“善治”效力不足,国家安全执法与司法主体过于依赖传统国家安全机关,是当前国家安全法治实施中面临的重要现实问题。坚持党的领导,构建统一推进国家安全法治建设的领导体制,明确国家安全法治实施主体及其责任,建立中央集权、分工负责的国家安全工作专门机关体系,严格依法开展各项国家安全工作是全面、高效实施国家安全法治的路径选择。     

我国国家安全观的重要转变

新中国成立六十多年来国家安全观发生了巨大变化,这主要体现在安全的内容、主体及实现路径三方面。在安全内容上,由军事安全转变为包括军事安全、政治安全、经济安全等的综合安全;在安全主体上,由单一的国家安全转变为包括国家安全、国际安全及人的安全的复合安全;在安全的实现路径上,由同盟策略转变为以平等协商为特征的合作安全。     

总体国家安全观视角下的网络空间安全

正习近平总书记在十九大报告中55次提到"安全",其中18处是"国家安全"。这一组数字说明,以习近平同志为核心的党中央比以往任何时候都更加重视国家安全。总体国家安全观对国家安全的整体把握和辩证思考,描绘了当代中国共产党人对国家安全的新认识。在新时代复杂多变的国际国内新形势下,习总书记强调"没有网络安全就没有国家安全",将网络安全上升至国家安全的战略高度。在总体国家安全观视角下研究和理解网络空间的安全,     

言息公开法中的国家安全例外浅议

国家安全例外是信息公开法公开例外的一种。国家安全例外可以细分为国家安全、国家防卫、国际关系和对外承担保密义务的信息。国家安全例外的保护机制有损害测试、公共利益测试、部长否决权制度、存在与否机制等。我国应在未来的信息公开法中对国家安全例外进行立法,通过严格界定国家安全,引入损害测试、公共利益测试和存在与否机制来对国家安全例外进行周到保护,并同时实现信息公开的最大化。     

国家安全的地理特征及其对我国安全的作用

进入21世纪,各国在面对传统国家安全因素威胁的同时,又将面临包括科技与信息、石油、生态与环境、社会文化、经济等非传统安全因素的挑战。如何制定正确的应对之策以维护国家安全,已成为世界各国的当务之急。从地缘政治学的角度,通过地理位置、资源的占有和民族、宗教文化等地理要素来分析地理环境与国家安全之间的关系,可以看出地理环境是国家安全的基础,在此基础上洞悉我国地理环境对国家安全乃至安全战略的影响与作用。     

在总体国家安全观指导下健全国家安全体系

近年来,我国不但在整体上"初步构建了国家安全体系主体框架",而且在理论、制度、战略、法治等方面也已初步形成相应体系,但要将"国家安全体系主体框架"推进到更加完善的"国家安全体系",最终建成一个科学完善的国家安全体系,还需要国家安全研究者和实践者进行大量深入细致的工作,扎扎实实地研究国家安全体系中的每一个要素、每一个因素、每一项措施、每一种活动、每一个概念、每一种观点、每一个问题、每一个细节。只有这样深入细致地研究下去,才能使国家安全体系越来越健全、越来越完善。     

Innovating Science Policy: Restructuring S&T Policy for the Twenty-first Century1

Over the next twenty years, accelerating scientific and technical developments will spawn immense changes to society that can be both crucially beneficial and tragically destructive. This trend, principally occurring outside of government control, is both helping the United States to improve defense and economic security and producing threats to national security. To deal with these increasingly technical issues, the nation's leadership needs to be armed with considerable scientific and technological acumen. Hence, the United States should explore the creation of a national security science and technology (S&T) strategy that improves: (1) scientific analysis available to decision makers; (2) understanding of the S&T needed to maintain national security; (3) coordination and collaboration among S&T providers; (4) control of dangerous technologies; (5) technology prioritization and acquisition processes; and (6) the dialog on enhancing the application of the products of private sector and foreign research for American national security purposes. Policies that address these issues will have to achieve the difficult balance between government and scientists’ influence over research and development (R&D). This article explores how to better deliver technical advice to high-level decision makers, as a means to better deal with emerging threats that are enabled by the rapid innovation and proliferation of scientific knowledge throughout the world.     

Neuroscience and the Detection of Deception

The detection of deception is among the most important and pressing requirements faced by federal agencies with national security responsibilities. The polygraph is insufficient in its present state of development for meeting the needs of national security. While some neuroscience‐based alternatives to the polygraph have been proposed (e.g., EEG and fMRI), there are significant problems with these techniques and consideration of their operational use is premature. The development of a more effective means for detecting deception will require substantial conceptual advances in the science of deception, in particular the establishment of a sound theoretical basis on which to design such a system. Neuroscience and related fields can make significant contributions toward the development of a theory of deception, given sufficient government support and commitment to such an effort. However, even a sound theory of deception cannot guarantee success; it is vital that the associated policy, legal, and ethical implications of such a system be taken into account.     

Science,Technology and the New President: Advancing Security,Prosperity, Resilience and Stability for 2009 and The 21st Century

At one time, only 20 years ago, the United States was the undisputed leader globally in virtually every field of science and technology with a reputation for being the place where innovation, technological breakthroughs and cutting‐edge science found a home and thrived. Not so any longer as several other nations, some friendly and others competitive rivals have surged ahead with a robust and growing infrastructure in the broad science and technology ['S&T’] field which surpasses many American programs and displays trends which will eclipse American leadership in the S&T realm. In nanotechnology, biotech and molecular engineering we find ourselves outperformed and outmaneuvered at risk of falling further behind other nations. The situation is not likely to change or improve unless the United States considers this problem to have serious strategic consequences and profound implications for our national security and prosperity.     

关于科学精神与人文精神结合的思考

伴随着社会的发展、科技的进步,人社会科学正在得到长足的发展。科学技术的人价值也正在随着科学的发展和技术的转化而凸现出来,成为当今时代的一大特征。本力图从学理上对自然科学、社会科学与人科学的划分与整合进行尽可能详细的描述,肯定了知识系统中不同知识门类的发展、演化和交叉、融合过程;并通过科学精神与人精神相互结合、不可或缺的实证分析,给人们以启迪、摒弃知识门类偏见,迎接一个科学精神与人精神交融统一的世纪。     

Viewpoint: It is Time to Create a United States Air Force Space Corps

The United States (U.S.) has deepening dependence on space systems for economic prosperity, civil government administration, priority science and exploration programs, and national security while at the same time there is dramatic growth in competitive space capabilities and demonstrated threats to space systems globally. Despite this, the U.S. has not invested sufficient resources to meet National policy direction for capabilities to insure freedom of action in space, especially space situational awareness capabilities—the cornerstone of deterrence from space attacks. A principle reason for this shortfall is the historical absence of an organization accountable for securing the space domain like those of land, sea, and air. Using the analogy of the Army Air Corps, the author recommends creation of an autonomous Space Corps realized out of existing organizations within the USAF. The AF Space Corps would manage a separate space budget and all space professionals in organizing, training, and equipping national security space capabilities including those necessary to secure the space domain for peaceful use.     

The Judicial Role in Defining National Security and Access to Information in South Africa

This article argues that judicial and other institutions concerned with legal interpretation are playing an increasing role in regulating and defining the concept of national security for South Africa, particularly in the realm of national security information. Part I surveys the post-apartheid evolution of accountability of South Africa’s national security agencies with particular attention to the treatment of national security information. Starting from a low base, intelligence agencies in South Africa have become more accountable, in part through the greater degree of access to national security information. Part II portrays the placement of access to national security information within South Africa’s legislative framework, taking into account the keys laws underpinning both secrecy and disclosure regulation. Here, with no definition of national security on the secrecy side, it is on the disclosure side of South Africa’s legislative framework that the judiciary and other legal actors are crafting an operative definition of national security. Part III covers three recent developments, arguing that they demonstrate the increasingly important regulatory role played by the judiciary and other legal institutions. These include two key Constitutional Court decisions and an ongoing legislative reform effort.     

总体国家安全观视域下的算法安全与治理

随着算法的不断演化及其在计算、通信、仿真、数据分析、信息管理、信号处理及指挥控制等领域的不断优化,有关算法所引发的一系列安全问题也开始引起人们的关注。算法安全源自于人工智能相关技术在社会生活各个领域的深度嵌入所带来的安全问题,从国家安全视角来看,算法安全具有逻辑操纵的政治性、行为影响的颠覆性、场域渗透的隐蔽性等显著特点,并且会深度影响国家安全的各个维度。具体而言,算法安全对国家安全的挑战表现在深刻改变国家间权力结构对比、导致隐性算法依赖和逆向算法攻击等方面。近年来,随着算法安全风险逐渐显现,加强算法安全治理已经成为国际社会的共识。在结合算法安全的特点和世界各国有关算法安全的应对举措的基础上,我国可以通过提高算法风险意识、培养算法专业人才、完善算法监督体系等方式来进行有关算法安全的秩序重构,以强化人工智能时代的国家安全治理。     

Contested meanings of environmentalism and national security in green Korea

Abstract

This paper focuses on the relationship between national security and environmentalism in South Korea. The 2009 South Korean Presidential Committee on Green Growth set a long-term vision for South Korea to ‘go green’. This is promoted as a new state-led development paradigm and a response to new global security risks. The paper identifies official and unofficial contested narratives on development, environmentalism and national security. By focusing on civil society movements, the paper identifies challenges to the exclusionary realist and liberal institutional approaches to South Korea's Green Growth initiative. These alternative discourses of national security are unpacking and reconstructing the relationship between development and environmentalism through the question of who defines ‘national security’ and for whose interests.     

廉政文化学学科构建中的几个基本问题

廉政文化建设实践和理论研究的迅猛发展,反腐倡廉建设面临的诸多新特点、新要求,社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的新形势、新任务,催生着廉政文化学科的诞生。构建廉政文化学科体系,必须厘清廉政文化与廉政文化学的联系与区别;必须确立人学基础、研究人学内核、关注人化本质;必须汲取和借鉴相关人文社会学科以拓展自身的高度、深度及维度;必须在廉政文化建设实践中不断发展完善。