Recidivism Among People Sentenced to Community Service in Finland

The influence of community service on recidivism is studied by comparing the subsequent recidivism of people sentenced to community service with the recidivism of people sentenced to prison for a maximum of 8 months. The distributon of sex, age, principal offence, times in prison and length of sentence in the prison group was analogous to that of the community service group. The follow-up period was 5 years. The analysis shows, compared to recidivism after prison sentences, was slightly lower. In the light of this, community service seems to be a suitable sanction in particular for sentenced people lacking previous prison experience.     

Returning to normality: anomie and crime in China

The current study explored the value change as manifested in the sense of anomie during the 1990s and sources of anomie in contemporary China. The multiple regression analysis found that employment, having children, and satisfaction in life were significantly related to anomie; however, the effect of education was related to anomie in the direction that was inconsistent with what was known in the Western literature. Age had no significant effect on anomie. It is concluded that the crime rates remain relatively low even after many years of dramatic increase, and that China may not be able to maintain its tight control over politics forever.     

关于死刑犯生育权问题研究

2001年5月,浙江舟山发生的一起故意杀人案引起了有关死刑犯有无生育权的争论,根据这个案 例及其争论,首先剖析与区分了死刑犯生育权的内涵;其次研究了死刑犯生育权的实现途径,最 后提出了立法方面的建议。     

The Italian torpedo is dead: long live the Italian torpedo

A recently published decision of the Milan Court of First Instancenot only confirms that a cross-border claim for a declarationof non-infringement of a European patent is unlikely to succeedbefore an Italian court unless it is brought against an Italiandomiciled party, but also shows that the longstanding traditionof Italian torpedoes is not yet defunct, contrary to predictionsafter a landmark decision of the Italian Supreme Court in 2003.     

Stability in Parliamentary Regimes: The Italian Case

Abstract: In this article, we distinguish legislative stability from government stability and argue that the character of the relationship that exists between them is a complex one in which various combinations are possible. We focus on Italy because of the manner in which it has combined legislative stability with government instability. Our findings indicate that the relationship between legislative and government stability in Italy is best seen as curvilinear, that the analysis of government stability must take the number of governments as well as the duration of governments into account, and that the attributes of the party system that stabilize the legislature destabilize governments. Given these findings, we discuss their implications for explaining stability in parliamentary regimes in terms of events, “strong parties,” and strategic calculation. We conclude that legislative stability should not be treated simply as a secondary or derivative effect of government stability and that Italy can serve as a benchmark for further study of the nature and determinants of the relationship between the two in other parliamentary systems.     

The challenges to Mexico in times of political change

Mexico is making the transitionfrom an authoritarian to a democraticsociety. It has significant criminaljustice and public security challenges inthis new era of its political history. Mexico's law enforcement institutions stilllack accountability and the trust of thepeople. Although President Vicente Fox hasdeclared that he will improve publicsecurity and reform law enforcement, he hadfailed to produce significant results thusfar. In order for Fox to achieve thesegoals, he must implement institutionalaccountability and transparency, improveintelligence collection capabilities tocombat organized crime and drugtrafficking, and develop a more broad basedeconomy that will benefit all of Mexico.     

The Pendleton Riot: a political sociology

Two unlikely legislative bedfellows have recently defined a new terrain upon which conflicting political approaches to the criminalisation of ‘precarious’ (Lea, 2013) young people are being played out.     

The Rogue from Within: The Denial of Torture in Italian Prisons

In October 2009, Stefano Cucchi was beaten to death by prison guards while in custody. Italian public opinion toward prisons changed because of this event. Civil society organizations rose the level of awareness by showing how routine these abuses have become. This paper discusses the case of prisoners tortured in the prison of Asti, near Turin. Through the use of Stanley Cohen’s categories of denial, it will be shown how force relations inside prison make abuses possible.     

集成电路中的政治利益及其展开--以《瓦圣那协议》(1996-2003年)为主要考察对象

1947年2月23日无疑是一个具有纪念意义的日子, 因为巴丁、布拉顿和肖克莱这一天在美国的贝尔实 验室发明了世界上第一只晶体管,拉开了二十世纪 后半叶电子技术革命的序幕,从而使得电子管和晶体管 以电子工业领域的宠儿与支柱的角色风行十余年。而到 了1958年,这一状况风光不再。美国德克萨斯仪器公司 首次在一块硅片上制成包括晶体管、电阻、电容的振 荡器,标志着集成电路的诞生。紧接着美国仙童公司于 1959年利用PN结隔离技术在氧化膜上制作连线,发明 了制作集成电路的硅平面工艺技术并申请了专利,从而     

韩国金融界丑闻引发反腐风暴

去年9月23日,倒闭银行Jeil2Savings Bank的一名高管从该行楼顶跳楼自杀,落点就在排队等候取款的储户队伍附近。没想到,这一跳,引发了一场反腐风暴。韩国金融委员会去年关闭了十几家陷入困境的储蓄银行。韩国仅有105家储蓄银行,在该国金融资产中所占份额为2.4%,储蓄银行的问题几乎不会对韩国的金融体系造成不利影响,问题是,它已经变成了一个政治问题。这就是,储蓄银行的贿赂问题。     

意大利法律教育制度及其对我们的启示

与普通法系的案例教学法和我国传统的演讲式教学法相比 ,意大利的法律教学法有其突出的优点 :选修课多 ,授课课时少 ,教授讲解精炼 ,考试严格 ,专题讨论自由 ,等等。笔者认为 ,在目前的中国法律教育改革中 ,应选择大陆法系的演讲式教学法 ,同时吸收普通法系的案例教学法的优点。只有这样 ,我们才能顺应世界法律发展的主流 ,为我国市场经济的发展培养合格的法律人才。     

Victims justice preferences in a collectivist,informal setting: The case of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal

An abundance of research has emerged in the last 30 years focusing on justice preferences for victims of crime. In general, findings indicate that victims are interested in aspects of procedural justice, interactional justice, restorative justice, retributive justice and behavior control. Under certain conditions, however, these preferences may vary. One dimension that may lead to individuals diverging in their justice preferences is that of culture. The large majority of victimological research on victim legal preferences has been conducted in western jurisdictions. The current research adds to that body of knowledge by examining a different group: Bhutanese refugees residing in refugee camps in Nepal. This examination focuses on their collectivist status and how such cultural differences lead to different styles and characteristics of conflict resolution. It is hypothesized that victims in a collectivist society will primarily be interested in restoration, while voice to the decision maker, voice to the other party and retribution will not be important in predicting overall satisfaction. A multiple regression analysis confirms the hypotheses regarding voice toward the offender, restoration and retribution. Possible reasons for the remaining findings are discussed.     

Investigating and Prosecuting Large-scale Corruption: The Italian Experience

The author, who has been one of the leading prosecutors investigatingorganized crime (and in particular corruption crimes) in northernItaly, discusses the Italian experience concerning the use ofsuspects cooperating with prosecutors, the relevance for thefight against organized crimes of such criminal notions as ‘criminalassociation’, as well as the various investigating strategiesmore suited to combating organized crime. He concludes thatin Italy the cooperation of suspects based on the offer of lightpenalties or other quid pro quo measures has never been theonly means of collecting evidence, as prosecution must alsoavail itself of other evidence.     

The Medicare approach: political choice and American institutions

The most significant health reform in American history was the passage of Medicare in 1965, but this was an accomplishment born of defeat. Medicare was designed and understood by its early promoters as an approach to health reform, not simply as a discrete program for a distinct target population. Although Medicare incrementalism has tended to be shunted aside when the opportunities for health reform are most promising, the final years of the Johnson administration reveal previously underappreciated efforts to expand Medicare eligibility to large new population groups and offer insights into the continuing potential of Medicare incrementalism in our own time.     

The trust in Spanish and Italian private international law: Part I

Civil Law jurisdictions' recognition of trusts depends on theindividual conflict of law rules of each jurisdiction. The HagueConvention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Trusts intendsto bring a degree of certainty into how a foreign trust is received.However, the matter is complicated, in particular, as to thestatus granted in each jurisdiction to the convention. Thisarticle, based on a paper presented at the convention on CatalanCivil Law, ‘Los patrimonios fiduciarios y el trust’,held in Tarragona on 20 and 21 October 2005, examines the positionof trusts under the conflict of law rules in Italy and in Spainand the impact made on the recognition of trusts by the HagueConvention. This article appears in two parts; in this firstpart the position in Italy is examined and the second part concludeswith the position in Spain.