论美国犯人的法律权利

被监禁罪犯的权利状况,在一定程度上可以展示一个社会的刑罚进化程度。但被监禁犯人的权利和优惠待遇是有区别的。在美国,宪法、制定法、判例、法规和国际法构成了犯人权利的法律基础。美国犯人的法律权利是通过大量诉讼和犯人权利运动获得的。美国犯人享有宗教自由权、言论自由权、获得法律帮助权、医疗权、受保护权、矫正机构惩罚和纪律方面的权利、平等保护权等7大类权利和大量的具体权利。这些权利具有实然性、多样性和具体性的特点。     

Prisoners,Prisons and Punishment in Small Societies

This paper aims to analyse the subject of prisoners, prisons and punishment in small societies. An attempt is made to compare the prison system in a small society (Iceland) with those of other larger societies, in particular those of other Nordic countries. Small institutions function better in many respects than larger ones. The problems that emerge, and there are problems in all prisons, are more visible and can therefore more easily be discussed and solved.     

美国版权担保权益完善中的联邦法优先原则探微

在版权担保权益完善问题上,美国版权法与美国《统一商法典》的规定各不相同。从制定法的角度来看,美国联邦版权法优先于州法既有宪法依据,又有UCC自身的遵从条款。美国法院在审判实践中体现并深化了与制定法精神相一致的联邦法优先原则。     

Measuring U.S. innovative activity: business data at the U.S. Census Bureau

Innovation is seen as a source of strength and vitality in the U.S. economy. Better measures of innovative activity—including but not limited to innovation alone—could improve what we know about the sources of productivity and economic growth. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on some measures of innovative activity that research shows affect economic performance. But understanding how the effects work requires more than just measures of innovative activity. It also requires solid statistical information about core measures of the economy so we can rule out the possibility that a measure of innovative activity merely proxies for something omitted from or measured poorly in the core data. Gaps in core measures can be filled by better integrating existing data and by more structured collections of new data. Versions of this paper were presented at the NSF/SRS Workshop, Advancing Measures of Innovation: Knowledge Flows, Business Metrics, and Measurement Strategies, Arlington VA, June 6–7, 2006, and circulated to the Advisory Committee on Measuring Innovation in the 21st Century Economy, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. This paper is unofficial and thus has not undergone the review accorded to official Census Bureau publications. Lucia Foster, Ron Jarmin, Jeffrey Mayer, Thomas Mesenbourg, and Daniel Weinberg, and the editors made valuable comments. However, the views expressed in the paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau.     

U.S. drug policy and Mexican civil-military relations: A challenge for the mutually desirable democratization process

As an institution of thegovernment the military has an obligationto be useful to its society. Yet the use ofthe military in an internally oriented drugwar is problematic for any democracy,especially one in transition fromauthoritarianism to democracy. This articleexamines U.S. and Mexican decisions tomilitarize the Drug War in light ofMexico's democratic transition. Itcritiques the Fox administration's relianceon active duty military officers to staffDrug War administrative positions as wellas U.S. promotion of the myth that themilitary has a special ability for fightingdrug production and trafficking.     

Border crossings from Mexico to the U.S. and the role of border homicides

Crime, Law and Social Change - This paper examines northbound crossings of personal vehicles and pedestrians from Mexico to the U.S. Sample size from January 1997 to December 2019 includes the...     

A comparison of educational processes at similar U. K. and U. S. institutions of higher learning

The structure and organization of the middle tier of higher education in similar institutions in the U. K. and U. S. are compared to draw conclusions on the effect which differences and similarities have upon the quality of the educational process, its cost-effectiveness, student independence and maturity, faculty load, relationships with business, industry and government.     

美国专利蟑螂的新近立法评析及其启示

专利蟑螂已经成为美国专利制度中一个十分严峻的问题,美国政府不断出台专利法修订草案和政策,意图遏制专利蟑螂,并取得了不错的成效。然而,从近期美国参众两院提交的诸项法案来看,尽管存在分歧,但其整体立场已经发生明显转变,倾向于优待专利蟑螂。由此,以设立双方复审程序、提高禁令颁发标准以及限制司法管辖为代表的诸多重要专利司法改革成果,都将可能遭到弱化。结合美国的经验教训,我国应当尽早认识专利蟑螂并着手应对,从考察开放许可专利实施情况、增加"权利人商业模式"作为判赔考量因素、细化司法管辖规则、完善专利无效制度以及构建全面打击专利假冒行为制度等多个维度,预防和遏制专利蟑螂。     

关于美国横向并购反垄断审查政策最新发展的述评

2010《横向并购指南》体现了美国政府关于横向并购反垄断审查政策最新发展。一方面,2010《指南》维持了1992《指南》中一些重要的方面,同时,2010《指南》也对1992《指南》作出了较大的修改。2010《指南》所体现的横向并购反垄断审查政策和以前相比,审查重点有所变化,审查过程更灵活,分析工具更多元化,审查中考虑更多的因素,审查范围会更广,而审查的门槛也有所提高。     

Correction to: Border crossings from Mexico to the U.S. and the role of border homicides

Crime, Law and Social Change -     

U.S. CLS

This essay offers a brief account of the rise of cls thought in the United States and of its development within a largely hostile legal academy. As the essay suggests, cls thought has been variously deformed, arrested, normalized, and diffused – leaving the contemporary American legal academy in a state of suspended animation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美国上市公司私有化相关法律问题

近两年,中石油、中石化等纷纷对旗下的上市子公司发起了以终止上市为目的的要约收购,并宣称流通股股票终止上市交易后,收购人可能择机将这些上市子公司依法变更为全资有限责任公司或依法取消其独立法人地位,媒体称     

美国知识产权滥用

美国是以判例法为主的国家。知识产权权利滥用理论的出现和发展也是以司法判例尤其是关于专利权的判例为基础,专利权滥用最有名的判例是莫顿食盐案。①美国最高联邦法院明确支持滥用抗辩,此案也是第一个专利权滥用判决,而且确立为具有法律效力的抗辨。其次是镭射梳案,②此案涉及到版权滥用。依判例法逻辑推理,在商标权领域,滥用抗辨也具有法律效力。     

关于美国变性人歧视问题介绍

变性人在就业、教育、医疗保险等很多领域遭受歧视,本文分析变性人在这些领域遭受的歧视。对于如何解决歧视问题,需要各种政策和措施,尤其需要政府予以立法来保护变性人的权利。     

美国形象权法研究

一　引　言形象权是指人们对自己的身份进行商业性使用的权利。① 其中的身份 ,包括人的姓名、肖像等等。其中的使用 ,包括自己的商业性使用和许可他人的商业性使用 ,如许可他人在商品上或广告上使用自己的姓名和肖像等等。未经许可而商业性地使用他人的身份 ,就是对他人形象权的侵犯 ,属于不正当竞争行为。与此相应 ,保护形象权的法律也是反不正当竞争法的一个组成部分。形象权起源于隐私权。在美国 ,隐私权的起源可以追溯到 1 890年由沃伦和布兰蒂斯所写的论文“关于隐私的权利”。② 他们在文章中论证说 ,法律应当承认隐私权 ,禁止擅自公…     

美国版权间接侵权制度的新发展——MGM v．GROKSTER，LTD．，ET AL案述评

2005年6月27日,美国联邦最高法院对一件经过两审的版权间接侵权案件--MGM v.GROKSTER,LTD.,ET AL做出判决,这是继1984年著名的Sony案之后,联邦最高法院又一次就版权间接侵权做出判决的案件,该案的判决对我们理解版权间接侵权制度在美国的最新发展具有十分重要的意义.     

2002年度美国影响最大的知识产权案件

去年底,美国《国家法律杂志》刊登Lewis R.Clayton的文章,总结出2002年度影响最大的12件知识产权案件。这些案件被挑选出来,不是因为诉讼双方的名气很大或涉案值很高,而是因为法庭的裁决应用了新的原则,对法律作出了新的诠释,或者,是法庭的裁决引起了较大的争议。为此,我们特对这些案件作一简略介绍,以飨读者。     

低速中的高速--赴美知识产权培训考察有感

2002年3月27日至4月17日,笔者有幸参加了国家知识产权局组织的中国西部地区赴美知识产权培训考察团,在关期间,走访了伍德柏瑞大学(美中商学院)、加州理工大学技术转让中心、加州专利信息中心、加州企业孵化中心、美国国会图书馆(版权局)、美国专利商标局、斯坦福大学和数家高新技术公司,与美国联邦政府、加州的有关官员、知识产权专家及企业管理人员等,就广泛的知识产权话题进行了交流和探讨,对美当前的知识产权保护状况有了一个比较清晰的了解。 I总的臆罟县.苇围的绎济吊屉h千低诛和调{