Switching on,switching off: reflections of a practitioner researcher examining the operational behaviour of police officers

ABSTRACT

Evidence-based policing is rapidly becoming adopted by policing agencies among policing jurisdictions. Many academic programmes have been established in higher education to train police managers in applied criminology. However, there is a lack of literature for police officer practitioner researchers (POPR) who might undertake qualitative research, especially research projects that examine police behaviour. This paper reflects on the changing role of the practitioner-researcher and suggests that police officers undertaking qualitative research need to learn to ‘switch off their police role’ and ‘switch on their researcher role’. The author’s insights are drawn from his own experience of qualitative fieldwork working with police officers from New Zealand Police and South Australian Police.     

The Commissioner cometh: The challenge for democratic policing in England and Wales

Public policing in England and Wales is currently undergoing and will undergo substantial changes to the way it delivers its services in the future. Consideration of the different proposals for change when viewed in isolation appears to produce uncertainty in terms of organisational structure. However, when considered as interdependent they provide a more clear and problematic issue that could undermine the current democratic model of policing utilised in this country. This article considers the ideas of the function of the public police within a democratic policing model and how changes such as the introduction of Police and Crime Commissioners, an apparent lack of engagement by the public with the democratic process, as well as the possibility of privatisation and outsourcing currently in vogue, may have a detrimental effect upon the policing philosophy that has underpinned policing in England and Wales for nearly 200 years.     

警察形象战略的基石：警察核心价值观

警察形象战略是在新形势下开展警察公共关系建设,促进警察机关和人民群众的沟通和理解,密切警民关系的有效载体。而警察核心价值观的确立和培育则是警察形象战略中最为重要的一个环节,它可以使警察形象建设达到事半功倍的效果。     

香港特别行政区的DNA数据库

香港特区的DNA数据库成立于2001年,法例上此数据库直属于香港警务处长,由香港政府化验师代行管理及维护。被定罪人士其罪行最高刑期为监禁7年或以上及任何罪案之疑犯均可被套取其口腔拭子样本,利用美国App lied B iosystem s的试剂进行DNA分型测试。所确立之DNA图谱将上载到由美国FB I(联邦调查局)在2000年免费为香港政府化验所提供的,名为COD IS(Comb ined DNA Index System)的计算机系统;在罪案现场所收集到的不明来历的DNA数据样本亦会被上载到COD IS。被定罪人士及疑犯的DNA图谱会定期与罪案现场的DNA数据在CO-D IS内进行较对以便协助警方调查。本文介绍香港DNA数据库的操作,其中包括统计数据的讨论。     

走向人类社会深处的警察文化

警察文化是警察队伍建设的重要构成部分。它必须突破单一的阶级性,使警察文化的社会性彰显出来。通过国家观探寻警察文化阶级性与警察文化人类社会性之间的张力关系,并从历史观来确立审理警察文化的形上视角,明确走向人类社会深处是警察文化建设的方向选择,而警察主体精神世界的建构则是警察文化建设的突破口。这既是历史观决定的结果,也是文化本性的内在要求,还是社会治安治理的社会本性使然。     

警察权益保护的现实选择

警察维权是公民维权工作中对应的一个特殊群体,警察权益应包括警察行使权力和警察享受利益两个方面,这两个方面都是法律加以规定和保护的,不容侵犯。但警察维权的现实状况不容乐观,人民警察权益保障缺位有诸多原因;有效保障人民警察的合法权益应从多方面着手。     

警察文化建设与公安工作

警察文化是当代人民警察在公安实践中创造的精神和物质成果的总和,是增强人民警察思想政治工作吸引力和感染力的重要载体。大力加强警察文化建设,有助于推进思想政治工作深入化,增强队伍的凝聚力,同时对于树立人民警察的良好形象、进一步密切警民关系也有着十分重要的作用。为此,我们应该提高认识,建构警察文化中的主流文化,在加强警察思想文化建设的同时,努力提高民警的科学文化素质。     

论“电子警察”取证的合法性

电子警察是道路交通管理部门用以获取道路交通违法行为信息，获取违法证据的交通技术监控设备。在目前电子警察广泛运用的同时，电子警察记录、固定违法行为证据是否具有合法性．尚没有形成广泛的共识。本文首先分析了电子警察取证的特征、与交通警察取证的区别，以及交通警察取证的本质；其次。论证了电子警察的法律地位，提出电子警察是交通管理部门设置、代表交通管理部门、代替交通警察记录、固定交通违法行为证据的拟制人的观点；最后从电子警察取证的法律依据、取证的形式、取证的种类以及程序方面论述了电子警察取证的合法性。     

试论警察公共危机中的媒体应对

警察由于工作性质的特殊性，一直是媒体关注的焦点。处于公共危机事件中的警察。无疑对媒体更具刺激性和吸引力。因而，警察与媒体之间具有天然的互动关系。公共危机中，警察需要与媒体进行有效的应对，以更好维护、塑造并提升警察的形象，进而促进警察的持续改善。     

论警察与媒体的通融

构筑警方与媒体的和谐是我们的应有之义。改善和发展警察公共关系需要借助媒体的力量,良好的媒体关系有助于提升警察形象。媒体是警察与公众联系的桥梁和纽带,警方借助媒体发布正面的信息从而争取公众对警察工作的支持,使“执法者”与服务对象融为一体,共同维护治安、打击犯罪。     

警务实战中的警察心理研究

警务实战中的警察心理是警察在警务实战过程中表现出来的,对警务实战效果有直接而显著影响的心理品质的总和。结合心理理论基础和警务战术理论基础对警务实战中警察心理进行研究,对培养警察以良好的心理素质开展工作,执行任务有非常重要的意义。通过对警察心理的个性特征和群体特征的深入研究,提出警务实战中的警察心理训练应该建构起一套科学的、有序的、有层次的、有目标的训练体系。     

中国警察使用徒手与警械武力的合法性

中国警察武力分为徒手武力、警械武力、武器武力和其他武力四个类别.每一类武力都有其使用合法性的规定.这些规定存在于中国人民警察法、人民武装警察法、监狱法、人民警察使用警械和武器条例、看守所条例和公安民警制止违法犯罪行为操作规程、海关工作人员使用武器和警械的规定、劳动教养管理工作执法细则等部门规章中.其中,既有使用警械武力、武器武力规定,又有使用徒手武力规定,且内容较为详细的是公安民警制止违法犯罪行为操作规程.     

我国警察体育述评

警察体育是警察警务工作且特殊育警实战训练方式。中国警察体育其目标定在警察体育与警务实战强警的塑造,以促进国家安全、社会稳定为依托,建设我国特色警察体育学科教育训练体系,警察训练理论与公安实践相结合,以提高警察战斗力,增强实战体能、掌握警察技能和警察战术应用,才是我国警察体育发展的主要内涵和价值观。     

论当代公安歌曲的嬗变

公安歌曲是以人民警察的工作、生活、心理等领域为题材内容的歌曲。公安歌曲起源于新中国成立之际的公安边防歌曲,在新时期大众文化的影响下发展为影视公安歌曲,20世纪80年代中后期以来公安系统春节晚会和文艺汇演促成了公安歌曲高潮的到来。     

论英国警察讯问较的发展

英国警察最初与普通公民一样，基本上不具有对犯罪嫌疑人的讯问权。司法判例以及20世纪前期发展的法官规则认可了事实上存在的警察讯问权并确立了基本的适用规则。由普通法调整的状况持续到20世纪80年代，制定法在规范警察讯问程序的同时也在一定程度上对公民的沉默权予以限制。警察讯问权总体上不断扩张，在这个过程中，普通法和制定法都努力保持警察侦查权与公民权利之间的平衡。     

Settling institutional uncertainty: Policing Chicago and New York, 1877–1923

We show how both the Chicago Police Department and the New York Police Department sought to settle uncertainty about their propriety and purpose during a period when abrupt transformations destabilized urban order and called the police mandate into question. By comparing annual reports that the Chicago Police Department and the New York Police Department published from 1877 to 1923, we observe two techniques in how the police enacted that settlement: identification of the problems that the police believed themselves uniquely well equipped to manage and authorization of the powers necessary to do so. Comparison of identification and authorization yields insights into the role that these police departments played in convergent and divergent constructions of disorder and, in turn, into Progressivism's varying effects in early urban policing.     

检察机关非法证据排除工作机制的若干思考

目前学界对非法证据规则的研究兴趣多集中在其产生背景、价值、发展、构建等方面，鲜有对非法证据排除规则运用中检察监督问题加以研究探讨。本文从中国的宪政状况和实际国情出发，提出并论证建构一种“以检察机关排除为主、以审判机关排除为辅”程序，即主张确立检察机关在非法证据排除规则运用中的主要主体地位，并辅以相关的配套工作机制与措施，从而为确立中国特色的非法证据排除规则提供有力支撑。     

Evaluating Police Reform in Post‐Conflict Nations: A Solomon Islands Case Study

The process of post‐conflict police reform has been the subject of serious scholarly attention, principally driven by the sense that police institutional rebuilding cannot be achieved quickly and that the police are only one part of the wider justice sector. However, police reform is a complicated process, and the cultural, institutional, and political challenges to effective development are immense. The process of reform is further complicated through the inherent difficulty in evaluating the impact of a development programme on police performance. This study uses an outcomes‐ or evidence‐based police measurement system called ‘Police Reform Indicators and Measurement Evaluation’ (PRIME) to assess the performance of the police capacity‐building programme and other improvement projects that have commenced since the deployment of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) in July 2003. The application of the process to the Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP) identified that, although there are a number of areas that are still to be strengthened or rebuilt, the Participating Police Force (PPF) has been able to implement capacity development programmes that have resulted in the advancement of the RSIP towards a professional police service. The application of PRIME to the RSIP and the intervening police mission demonstrates that it could be used as a tool to evaluate police reform efforts in similar post‐conflict nations such as Iraq and Afghanistan.     

当前民警执法权益受侵害的原因及对策

民警执法权益受到冲击和侵害的现象日益突显,其危害性不容忽视。警察是执法者,维护法律的尊严和依法办事是警察的天职,但同时也是应当受到保护的特殊群体。在工作实践中,我们应当根据其现状、危害性和根源,认真研究如何建立健全民警执法权益保障机制。