中华人民共和国人民调解法

第一章总则 第一条为了完善人民调解制度,规范人民调解活动,及时解决民间纠纷,维护社会和谐稳定,根据宪法,制定本法。     

Neighborhood and the Police: The People's Republic of China

The neighborhood police station of the People's Republic of China is examined as a form of self-policing. It is an expression of the PRC ideology that is not to be extrapolated directly to the circumstances of Western policing, but the neighborhood police station does illustrate the tendency of law enforcement to emphasize the vertical axis of the community that advances the interests of external power over service to the needs of the neighborhood as conceived by the residents. This conclusion is given substance by analysis of the neighborhood police station's functions in household registration and relationships with public security committees.     

《中华人民共和国反垄断法》析评

我国反垄断法规定了禁止垄断协议、禁止滥用市场支配地位、控制经营者集中、反对行政垄断等制度。我国经济体制转型尚未彻底完成,反垄断法也存在很多不足,反垄断执法初期在立法目的、执法机关、反对行政垄断、处理反垄断执法与行业监管的关系方面会遇到严峻挑战。颁布反垄断法只是反垄断立法的第一步。     

Incarceration in The People's Republic of China: Functions and Implications

This paper delineates the place and functions of incarceration in the People's Republic of China. The comparative research on the topic will be particularly promising because those functions are grounded in a unique macro-control system framed to promote concurrently, first, the mobilization of the Chinese people in building a strong socialist society and, second, the management of broadly defined deviance. Observation of three correctional institutions is used to lend substance to the analysis. Because of the great difficulties to be overcome before valid comparative research can be accomplished, the paper is limited to justifying advocacy of future research on the implications of incarceration patterns in the People's Republic.     

Institutionalization of Criminology: A Prerequisite to Comparative Criminology

The increased prevalence and enrichment of comparative analysis would invigorate criminology generally as a scientific field because comparative criminology is a movement toward a “true science of criminology.” But, at least at its present stage, comparative criminology awaits the institutionalization of criminology at a level sufficient for the essential availability of criminologists capable of and competent for meeting the peculiar demands of transnational research.

“Comparative, coordinated and interdisciplinary research should be carried out to determine the relative effects of programs in different countries” and through cooperation between researchers from different countries…to develop a highly promising new field of comparative criminology”, in order to determine “uniformities and differences in causal influences, in predictive factors, and in results of preventive and treatment programs” and to develop “a true science of criminology.”     

Politics,power and prevention: The People's Republic of China case

The article emphasizes the play of political power as a dimension of crime prevention and the special relevance of that relationship to the People's Republic of China. Prevention is embedded in the PRC macro-control system, which uses all elements of power in managing deviants and nondeviants simultaneously. The Maoist ideology has been sustained through “political education” that takes advantage of the traditional cultural acceptance of intervention before a legally-defined criminal act has been committed. Recent developments in the PRC, however, suggest that the macro-control props of political education are being weakened, as indicated by the recent resort to crime control methods. It appears that, although the uniqueness of the Chinese sociocultural system must be recognized, the PRC regime faces some of the problems faced by western societies that must share power in endeavoring to implement prevention programs.     

Social Constructionism and Criminology: Traditions,Problems and Possibilities

Over the last twenty years, the prison system, border controls, crime prevention programmes, anti‐terror measures and private security companies have expanded within Europe. This article discusses some of the implications. It will be argued that we are witnessing a paradigmatic shift in the manner in which state‐sanctioned force is employed. The distinction between what is criminal, to be dealt with by the justice system, and what creates a ‘perception of security’—formerly to be dealt with by social policy—is being eroded at both macro‐ (‘war on terror’) and micro‐ (‘public order’) levels. The rule of law is giving way to a security mentality, where force is employed on the basis of risk assessments. Social problems are re‐interpreted as security threats, and met with measures recreating the original threats. This gives the policy field a distinctive rationality of its own.     

The E-commerce Law of the People's Republic of China: E-commerce platform operators liability for third-party patent infringement

The E-Commerce Law of the People's Republic of China(E-commerce Law) was enacted on August 31, 2018. One of the hottest topics is e-commerce platform operators (EPOs) liability for third-party patent infringement. The EPOs, which provide platform services rather than participating in trade directly, must try to maintain the balance between patentees and social interests. Due to the particularities of the patent infringement review, it is difficult for the EPOs to fulfil the task. Thus, the EPOs liability for copyright and trademark infringement is likely unworkable in the patent area. A China practice review will be helpful in analysing the problem; the guiding case No. 83 is an especially meaningful reference. The E-Commerce Law is principled and advisory - it is impossible to distinguish the limits of EPOs liability for third-party patent infringement by differentiating the patent from other intellectual property rights. After reviewing the regulations on the general and intellectual property duty of care of EPOs, this article argues that the E-Commerce Law still has some specific problems. Consequently, to implement the E-Commerce Law, judicial interpretation and detailed rules for implementation should be formulated as soon as possible, and the potential solutions are described in the conclusion.     

中国集体土地所有权论

一、集体土地所有权的意义(一)中国宪法上的土地所有区分原则1982年中国宪法把中国的所有权区分为全民所有权和劳动群众的集体所有权。城市郊外以及农村的土地、法律规定的荒山、荒地等,被规定为集体所有权的对象。原则上的区分是:城市市区的土地是国家所有,农村的土地为集体所有,山地等为国家所有。集体土地被定位为农民的集体所有,它与占中国人口80%的农民休戚相关。本文以中国的集体土地所有权问题为研究对象。这方面的问题有:为什么要区分国家所有与集体所有?二者有何不同?人民公社解体导致集体所有制发生了怎样的变化?集体土地所有权的…     

Policing in the People's Republic of China: a review of recent literature

Recent literature on policing in the People's Republic of China, though very limited, has encompassed a wide range of topics including police organizations, roles and functions, subculture, policing strategies (such as community policing, campaign style policing, and the comprehensive management approach), and a number of issues and problems (such as abuse of power, accountability, and police citizen relations). These studies serve to establish a foundation for a better understanding of the complex social control in China. The present study summarizes the findings of recent research, identifies its limitations, and discusses the directions and challenges in future research.

---

Environmental Law and Policy in the People's Republic of China

The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the main reasonsfor the apparent ineffectiveness of the environmental regulatoryregime in the People's Republic of China. In order to assessthe current state of China's environmental legislation framework,an overview of all major environmental codifications is provided,firstly, by establishing the institutional and historical contextand, secondly, by reviewing environmental legislation and policies.This examination will reveal that China's environmental protectionregime is surprisingly comprehensive, even though statutorydeficiencies exist, and will highlight enforcement tensionsbetween the centre and the periphery—a result of decentralizationand growing local protectionism—as major obstacles tothe implementation process.     

修改《中华人民共和国海商法》的诉求与时机

从中国航运业和国际国内相关立法发展以及《中华人民共和国海商法》（简称《海商法》）自身不足的角度出发,分析修改《海商法》的必要性,并在此基础上提出,中国海事诉讼与仲裁实践经验以及成体系性的司法解释为《海商法》的修改提供了可能性,而《鹿特丹规则》的出台更为《海商法》的修改提供了时机性。     

《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》解读

为了配合国家的立法工作,帮助读者更好地学习和运用法律维护权利,本刊从第三期开始开设《新法解读》栏目,以飨读者。     

Problems of Method in Comparative Criminology

Methodological problems of conducting comparative research in criminology are reviewed in the light of the severe lack of comparative research in criminology. Methodological difficulties in conducting survey research in comparative criminology are outlined. These include the necessity to establish equivalence of meaning, comparability of samples, temporal equivalence and equivalence of interviewers. It is suggested that an important and as yet unexplored avenue for comparative criminology may be in the area of comparative systems analysis.     

《中华人民共和国民法总则》的制定

《民法总则》的制定过程可以从政治决定与政治推动、立法进程、学者和公众参与三方面进行阐述。《民法总则》在承继《民法通则》相关制度的基础上,又有重大的理论创新,其规定具备体系性与合理性。《民法通则》以来的中国民事立法,曾受到德国民法和前苏俄民法的影响,但是探索和走出了一条具有鲜明中国特色的道路。《民法总则》的制定是我国全面推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的总体战略的重要组成部分,注重对民事权利的保护,提升了公民的人身权地位,实现了维护公有制的经济基础与财产权平等保护之间的合理平衡,充分体现了保护个人信息数据和网络虚拟财产的时代特征、巩固社会主义制度与发展市场经济的历史任务、践行社会主义核心价值观的基本要求以及节约资源、保护生态的发展理念。