大飞机项目视域下的航空民法研究

商用大飞机项目是国家中长期科技战略规划（2006年-2020年）的十六个重大专项之一，关乎国家科技实力的质的提升和国家战略地位的根本改善。积极和稳步推进大飞机项目，需要完善的法制保障和配套的法学研究。作为航空法学最重要的学科分支，航空民法与大飞机项目关系最为密切。自觉地把研究视角、研究内容、研究方法、研究成果纳入大飞机项目视域下，是今后很长一段时期航空民法研究的根本思路。     

Restrictions on cryptography in India – A case studyof encryption and privacy

The developments of technology in communications industry have radically altered the ways in which we communicate and exchange information. Along with the speed, efficiency, and cost-saving benefits of the digital revolution come new challenges to the security and privacy of communications and information traversing the global communications infrastructure. As is with any technology the misuse of technology is noticed similarly the encryption technology. Encryption and other advanced technologies may be used, with direct impact on law enforcement and therefore some restrictions are necessary in the interests of national security. The problem, however, is ensuring that the restriction is legitimate and solely for in the interests of national security, the state not being allowed to interfere and keep a track on individuals' activities and private lives without sufficient cause. The individual needs encryption to protect their personal privacy and confidential data such as medical information, personal financial data, and electronic mail. In a networked environment, such information is increasingly at risk of being stolen or misused. Therefore, encryption is critical to building a secure and trusted global information infrastructure. Digital computers have changed the landscape considerably and the entire issue, at its simplest level, boils down to a form of balancing of interests. The specific legal and rights-related problems arising from the issue of cryptography and privacy in the Indian context are examined in this paper.     

透过技术转移规律看政府的职能定位

两地之间技术水平差距越大,技术转移的动因就越强。而现实中,技术又总是首先沿梯度最小的方向转移。技术转移和创新区域发展,客观上要求政府提供必要的服务,创造条件减小技术转移的梯度,促进技术转移的顺利进行。在当前实施创新型国家发展战略的背景下,政府更应以"仆人"的角色来履行其公共服务职能,不但要当创新的排头兵,还要做创新的导航员,更要做创新环境的营造者。     

How national security considerations affect technology transfer

The transfer of United States high technology to the Soviet Union shows that, contrary to many assumptions, international transfer of technology can heighten national rivalries and increase military tensions. Many advanced technologies have important military applications. The Soviet Union has acquired much such technology from the west and then has used it to strengthen Soviet military capabilities vis-a-vis the west. This approach to international technology transfer supports general Soviet priorities in science and technology, which emphasize military power rather than international commercial competitiveness or domestic social welfare. The United States and its allies have responded by sharing militarily applicable technology among themselves while denying its export to the Soviet bloc. As of September 1988, neither the Soviet policy of glasnost nor progress in the US-USSR arms control negotiations seems to have changed the primarily military bent of Soviet policy on technology transfer. Sumnner Benson, Ph. D. deputy director for Technology Cooperation and Security in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and is senior assistant to the director of the Defense Technology Security Administration     

Technology policy and defense conversion in Israel, 1967–1995

Technology policies and their effect on technology transfer from defense to civilian industries in Israel from 1967 to 1995 are explored. Defense technology policy is found to drive the growth of the defense industry and to limit defense conversion to commercialization initiatives developed primarily through intra-organizational technology transfer. The case of the Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) is presented. Also the development of national technology policy in Israel is traced and found wanting. Civilian and defense technology policies are found to be uncoordinated with each other and together are incapable of producing interorganizational technology transfer so as to significantly effect defense conversion on a wide number of economic actors particularly small firms. To achieve a socially effective defense conversion process (in which technologies are transferred from defense firms to many economic actors), the analysis suggests that a national technology policy should be designed and implemented under Prime Minister's leadership.     

智慧法治:国家治理能力现代化的时代宣言

国家治理能力现代化,必须要求法治现代化。算法能力的不断提高,大数据的深度应用,人工智能科技的飞速发展,成为国家智慧法治的重要科技手段。科技方法的综合运用,可以不断提升国家的治理能力,拓展法治的重要实践路径,有利于实现国家的长治久安。通过智慧法治进一步稳固执政党的执政能力,提升政府的治理能力,形塑公民的主体思维,以及整合国家与社会的关系,是新时代国家治理必然面临的重大社会变革,也是国家治理能力现代化的时代宣言。国家治理是现代科技应用的重要场所,不断深入整合现代高端科技,塑造国家治理的科技路径,使之成为有效提升国家治理能力的科技引擎,演绎现代法治发展的重大历史篇章。     

中小城市社会治安预警与反应系统的研究与开发

本文以国家某可持续发展实验区为例,研究了中小城市影响社会治安预警和反应机制的诸多因素、社会治安工作评价标准和评价手段、社会治安预警和反应机制和社会治安预警和反应系统的功能构架,并以计算机网络技术和地理信息技术为平台,结合先进的社会治安管理经验,开发出了一套适合中小城市、城镇的治安预警与反应系统,取得了良好的社会、技术和经济效益,给中小城市、城镇社会治安科学化、规范化与系统化的综合管理提供了示范。     

测谎原理、冲突与法律思考

测谎是科学技术发展的产物，测谎证据也是自然科学与法律科学交叉共生的结果。通过鉴定结论，可以利用科学技术，给案件的侦破、公诉以及审判带来一些国家层面上的便利，但是，测谎证据同时也会引起国家利益与个人权利、科学与否的冲突。这里，问题的关键是如何给测谎证据以正确的定位。     

The Knowledge-Based Economy: Conceptual Framework or Buzzword?

In the last two decades, concepts have appeared that have influenced and even defined entire science and technology policies in Western countries: high technology, national system of innovation, information economy, knowledge-based economy, and the new economy. In all these policy developments, the OECD, acting as a think tank for its member countries, has been an important promoter of these concepts, turning them into buzzwords. This article looks at the concept of knowledge-based economy in order to explore the crucial role of the OECD in its dissemination and, above all, the role statistics have played in shaping policy discourses.     

Lessons from history: Origins of the federal laboratory consortium for technology transfer

Editor’s Note: The Federal Laboratory Consortium today consists of over 600 member research laboratories and centers from 16 federal departments and agencies. The FLC brings these laboratories together with potential users of government-developed technologies in the private sector and state and local governments. The FLC also develops and tests transfer mechanisms, addresses barriers to the transfer process, provides training, highlights grass-roots transfer efforts and focuses on national initiatives where technology transfer has a role. The author played a pivotal role in establishing the Consortium and managing the network during its early years.     

外资品牌控制和技术控制及法律对策——我国外商投资政策转型背景下的考察

外资对品牌和技术的控制,已经危及我国产业安全。在我国外商投资政策的主题由"招商引资"向"招商选资"转变的背景下,在对外商直接投资的溢出效应的认识深化的条件下,通过立法对外资品牌控制和技术控制进行较为严厉的规制是必要的和可行的。《反垄断法》上的企业集中事前申报制度,不足以对外资品牌控制和技术控制予以有效规制,应当利用国家安全审查制度对其进行规制。     

Universities and Technology Transfer in Japan: Recent Reforms in Historical Perspective

The Japanese government has embarked on a series of reforms aimed at stimulating technology transfer from universities to industry. As a result, technology licensing offices are springing up at many national universities. Advocates hope that these reforms will increase the level of university patenting and licensing, which historically has not been a common mode of technology transfer in Japan. Their model is the technology licensing process in the United States, which acquired its present form after passage of the Bayh-Dole Technology Transfer Act of 1980. Such changes face serious historical and institutional barriers. Academic researchers, especially in engineering and physical science, have a long record of collaborative research with industry. Decisions about patenting, however, were usually left to the corporate partner; universities rarely filed for patents under their own name, nor have they, until recently, encouraged or assisted faculty researchers in doing so. Consequently, we believe that current reforms, by going against the grain of past practices, will take time to achieve the hoped for results.     

制度变迁中的创新精神探析

科技实力在很大程度上代表着一国综合国力的大小和它在世界上的地位,因而技术的创新力对国家的发展起着举足轻重的推动作用。但是,科技的发展从来都不是自发的,没有代价的;技术的创新也只是狭义的创新;制度变迁和制度的框架决定着技术发展的空间。制度的创新才是广义上的创新,是制度变迁的根本动力,因而也是技术创新的原动力。只有激发整个民族的制度创新精神,才能谈得上技术的创新和国力的增强。     

区域创新体系建设的国际比较及启示

区域创新是区域发展的必由之路,创新能力和创新体系建设正成为一个区域获取竞争优势的决定性因素。早在20世纪80年代,西方各国就争相把建立区域创新体系作为提升其国际竞争力的一项国家战略。通过分析美国、日本、韩国、印度等国家在区域创新体系建设中的科技资源配置、政府管理模式和创新体系建设等方面的做法,全面总结其经验和模式,为我国区域创新体系建设和管理提供有益的借鉴。     

Guns to butter: Technology-transfer strategies in the national laboratories

The military threat to national security has substantially diminished, and the need for a stronger focus on economic competitiveness for the US is becoming more pronounced every day. We must find ways to accomplish more-effective technology transfer. This paper outlines four technology-transfer strategies used by the Department of Energy's national laboratories: the passive strategy, the active strategy, the entrepreneurial strategy, and the national-competitiveness strategy. It compares these strategies in terms of organizational structure, performance measures, and staffing, and it discusses the implications of these comparisons of technology transfer. The findings contained in this paper are based on the author's interviews with technology-transfer staff and program directors at the national laboratories and on analysis of the institutional plans.     

侦查信息化是实现侦查现代化的重要基础

信息是人们认识事物的媒介,它与其他客观事物一样也有其基本属性。随着计算机科学技术的发展,社会信息化浪潮席卷全球,信息化程度已成为衡量国家现代化和综合国力的新标志。信息化是公安侦查工作必须依靠的手段,是公安侦查科技发展的基础,是侦查队伍由数量型向质量型、规模型向效益型转变的必由之路,是公开行政、公开执法的主要措施。侦查信息化是侦查现代化的重要基础,“数字化侦查员”是侦查现代化的具体目标。     

浅论提升吉林省科技创新能力

党的十八大报告指出：科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置.同样,提高科技创新能力也是促进区域经济可持续发展的重要动力源泉.目前,吉林省正处经济转型发展的关键时期,因此,加大政府对科技创新的支持力度、充分发挥企业自主创新的主体作用、建立产学研合作体系等是提升吉林省科技创新能力的重要途径.     

Fighting the obscene, pornographic, and unhealthy—an analysis of the nature, extent, and regulation of China’s online pornography within a global context

China??s Internet development has experienced an explosive growth in the last two decades. As China became the largest Internet user in the world, cyber crimes presented a new challenge. In its efforts to combat cyber crimes, the Chinese government singled out online pornography and labeled it ??online narcotics.?? Using the reports of online pornography found in the People??s Daily, a leading national newspaper, this study examines the extent and nature of online pornography in China??s unique context and how the Chinese government has worked to counter such crimes. The analyses of the official reports indicate that the number of China??s porn users has reached millions and continues to grow. To combat such behavior, the Chinese government has adopted a number of countermeasures such as increased law-making, strengthened law enforcement, and the use of new technology. While these countermeasures parallel those of other nations, China??s regulation also presents a number of unique features, such as its broad and sweeping control of online pornographic and unhealthy material for both adults and juveniles, its campaign-style policing, and its emphasis on building consensus with little dissenting opinion. China??s overreaching and proactive approach indicates substantial differences in national standards, value systems, and legal practices between China and many other nations.     

Technology Transfer Trends in the Department of Education

The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), U.S. Department of Education, is the only federal agency mandated to improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities. The application of technology is one means for addressing this mandate, so NIDRR operates programs that research, develop and commercialize assistive technology devices and services. To support this activity, the NIDRR collaborates with other federal agencies, and supports a national technology transfer center focused on bringing new or improved products to the marketplace.     

A technology network for economic development

A technology delivery system designed to provide small and medium-sized businesses with improved access to technological resources for enhancing their productivity and competitiveness has been tested under controlled conditions in the southeastern United States. The demonstration project involved federal research laboratories, state universities, National Information Service and Economic Development Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, and technology users in the private sector. The results of the 18 month project are reported and assessed to identify the conditions for the establishment of a national technology network for small and medium sized firms.