Constitutional Law Relationships in the Socialist Countries

The Program of the Party adopted by the 22nd Congress of the CPSU resolves the basic problems of the Marxist-Leninist concept of the socialist state in a new manner. Speaking at the Congress, N. S. Khrushchev stated that "of course, we do not believe that the problem of improving our political system has been completely solved. Everything that is necessary must be done to improve and develop the government of all the people, and to involve the masses of the people to an ever increasing degree in the administration of and supervision over government agencies" and "we are doing and will do everything to improve our socialist system and our democracy even further, as an example of the socialist way of life for all peoples." (1) In this connection, one of the questions that merits particular attention is that of constitutional law relationships in the USSR.     

我国刑法与国际刑法的衔接——以海盗罪为研究样本

国内法与国际法如何有效衔接,一直是我国法律中没有得以很好解决的问题。国际法对海盗罪有明确的认定标准,而我国刑法中没有对海盗罪的直接规定。我国应当在全面了解国际法对海盗罪的认识过程、国际刑法对海盗罪构成要件的规定的基础上,对刑法现有的相关罪名加以梳理、整合,增设海盗罪。     

《治安管理处罚法》与《刑法》法条冲突问题探析

《治安管理处罚法》与《刑法》是国家调整社会、维护社会稳定的两道堤坝,同时也是限制国家公共权力、保障公民人权的两部宪章。在实际运作过程中,出现了一些《刑法》规定的犯罪行为与《治安管理处罚法》规定的违法行为相竞合的问题;《治安管理处罚法》与《刑法》法条冲突问题、不同法律部门之间的法条竞合问题、在解决此问题上应该采取有别于《刑法》内部法条竞合的适用原则。对《刑法》条文进行实质性的解释,优先适用《治安管理处罚法》,只有当行为的社会危害性已经达到应当受刑罚处罚的程度、《治安管理处罚法》已经无法有效控制的时候才能动用《刑法》。     

The European Union and Penal Law

Technically-speaking, penal law remains outside the competence of the European Communities and Union. However, mirroring other legal developments within Europe, a combination of higher Community 'principles' such as proportionality, non-discrimination, free competition and loyal co-operation, together with secondary Community law, has on the one hand, led to an unforeseen process of the harmonisation of national penal systems; with national norms either being set aside by Community law, or given extended scope in the pursuance of EC/EU goals. On the other hand, certain European interests – most notably, the need to safeguard the European Union budget – have proven strong enough to prompt the evolution of a nascent penal law of the EU; the most noteworthy development here being the drawing up of an independent European 'corpus juris' covering penal policy and procedure in the area of EU budget protection.     

刑法公法说之反思

在民生刑法时代,反思刑法的法律类别有助于使刑法理论更加严谨、与时俱进、增强公民的权利意识。刑法不是公法,也不是私法,而是保障法。     

刑事和解与刑法基本原则的关系——兼及刑事和解的价值取向

以恢复性司法理念为基础的刑事和解制度目前正逐渐成为我国刑事法学界和实务界的热门话题。刑事和解在尊重被害人、促使加害人认罪悔过改过自新方面,具有恢复失去的正义,尽快平息加害人与被害人之间矛盾的作用和促进社会和谐有不容忽视的优势;同时,刑事和解还体现了公正、谦抑、人道的刑法价值。刑事和解并非对刑法基本原则的背离,而是刑法基本原则的一种实现方式。     

对刑罚报应性的理性思考

在西方刑罚目的理论上一直存在着报应刑和目的刑的争论。作为罪刑法定原则、罪责刑相适应原则的体现以及刑罚正义原则的要求,报应已成为我国刑罚的首要目的。刑罚的报应性贯穿于我国刑罚体系的始终,只是不同的刑种体现出来的报应性的程度不同。     

普通法系侵权行为法导读

在普通法系国家中,侵权行为法被定义为能够确定不基于违约责任的民事过错,进而为受害人提供赔偿的法律.其保护的不仅仅是指身体上的伤害,还包括任何对民事主体合法利益的侵犯.在学习普通法系侵权行为法的经典案例的基础上,尝试用简明的语盲阐释普通法系侵权行为法的一般特征和救济方式.     

信息時代與中國刑法的轉型--訪中國政法大學研究生院副院長於志剛教授

互聊綱開創的不僅是人類生活的新時代,還有法律變革的新契機。傳统法律规则需要進行自我調整和更新換代,才能適應信息睛代的要求。在2011年年初舉行的第三届中國青年法學家論壇上,中國政法大學研究生院副院長、博士生導师于志剛教授以第六届中國十大傑出青年法學家的身份作了题爲《信息時代和中國法律、中國法學的轉型》,     

State Power in Countries of Socialist Orientation

One of the major questions in the Marxist-Leninist theory of noncapitalist development of formerly backward countries is that of state power. In such countries, state power has come into being under conditions of distinctive relationships of class forces (primarily in the absence of the hegemony of any particular class); in turn, it exercises an enormous influence upon the processes of development of classes and their regrouping. The social nature of many phenomena and institutions is indissolubly linked to the character of state power. Moreover, the revolutionary establishment of the new power is the starting point of noncapitalist development itself. Therefore, a correct solution of the question of the nature of state power holds fundamental significance for the evaluation of the principal aspects of sociopolitical life in the countries of socialist orientation.     

刑法文化解释视域下的习惯法

习惯法在当今社会纠纷处理实践中仍然起着对法律的补充作用,甚至在一定程度上替代了法律的作用。尊重传统文化,对刑法进行文化解释,是刑法获得公众认同的一个重要方式。但不同部门法领域对待习惯法的态度不尽一致,在民法领域,“有法律依法律,无法律依习惯,无习惯依法理”已经成为各国民法的基本规定,而在刑法领域,其应有的作用没有得到发挥。在我国法治社会的发展阶段,罪刑法定的积极意义不容否认,但完全可以在罪刑法定的框架内,通过刑法解释使习惯法的应有机能得到释放。     

中外审前刑事检察权比较研究

世界各国检察机关由于所属法系、诉讼传统、诉讼模式不同以及法律定位和设立模式的差异,享有的审前刑事职权,如立案权、立案监督权、侦查权、侦查监督权、公诉权等,均不尽相同、各有特色。比较分析各国审前刑事职权设置的模式、特点、规律和优缺点,有利于取长补短,充分吸纳人类的法治文明成果。     

试论社会主义公法体系的建立

依法治国 ,厉行宪政是我国建设社会主义法治国家的崇高目标 ,其目的在于规范国家权力运行 ,保障公民的权利与尊严 ,实现政治的法律化。法治国家建设目标的确立需要建立具有较强理论与实践包容能力的社会主义公法体系 ,为我国宪政建设提供更为坚实与深厚的法律规范与理论支持。     

论依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家

依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的提出是马克思主义关于国家与法理论的新发展;依法治国方略和三个代表是依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家建设成就的检验标准.依法治国和以德治国相辅相成.     

简论法国对著作权的刑法保护

一、概述在法国,版权(copyright)概念的文字表达最早出现在1791年。这一概念的出现不仅对保护作品本身,而且对保护依据作品合法复制的样本也起了重要作用。法国著名政治家约瑟夫.拉嘎那勒(Joseph Lakanal)在1793年1月的一份报告中提出了“天才产品所有权”(propitde la pro     

法治与社会主义法治

社会主义法治是法治发展到现代以后产生的一种历史形态。它除了法治所具有的共性之外,还有着自己的定性特征,两者并不完全等同。     

期待可能性理论与我国刑法的借鉴

期待可能性是根植于大陆法系刑法理论的一种责任理论,但是同样可以为我国刑法所用。在对大陆法系犯罪成立要件与我国犯罪构成要件进行区分的前提下,对其予以批判性的研究和适当的借鉴,无论在立法上还是司法上都有着重要的意义。     

Penal Disenfranchisement

This paper considers the justifiability of removing the right to vote from those convicted of crimes. Firstly, I consider the claim that the removal of the right to vote from prisoners (or serious offenders) is necessary as a practical matter to protect the democratic process from those who have shown themselves to be untrustworthy. Secondly, I look at the claim that offenders have broken the social contract and forfeited rights to participate in making law. And thirdly, I look at the claim that the voting ban is essential part of the justified punishment of serious offenders. These arguments have in common the feature that they attempt to articulate the sense in which rights imply responsibilities, particularly that voting rights should be conditional on one’s having met one’s civic responsibilities. I argue that the only interpretation of this view that could justify prisoner disenfranchisement is that which thinks of disenfranchisement as fair and deserved retributive punishment for crime. Against widespread opposition to, and confusion about, the importance of retributive punishment, I offer a brief defence. However, I conclude that even if legitimate retributive purposes could in principle justify prisoner disenfranchisement, the significance of disenfranchisement is such that it should be reserved for the most serious crimes.