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本文对法庭语音学进行了研究综述,主要介绍了该学科的核心内容:说话人鉴定。在实际办案中,当未找到嫌疑人,只有犯罪分子的检材语音时,可以使用说话人画像/说话人分类技术。若没有犯罪分子的录音证据时,可以让受害人和证人进行说话人的听觉辨认。具体的辨认形式有两种:对熟人辨认和对陌生人辨认,在对陌生人辨认时可以采用语音辨认的方法进行。当检材语音和样本语音都齐备的时候,法庭语音分析专家就可以对二者进行比对检验了。目前语音比对分析涉及到的问题和领域有:基于贝叶斯方法的法庭推理和似然比计算、共振峰频率的测量应用、非解析感知与样例理论、法庭说话人自动识别以及不同方法的综合应用等。 相似文献
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本文对法庭语音学进行了研究综述,主要介绍了该学科的核心内容:说话人鉴定。在实际办案中,当未找到嫌疑人,只有犯罪分子的检材语音时,可以使用说话人画像/说话人分类技术。若没有犯罪分子的录音证据时,可以让受害人和证人进行说话人的听觉辨认。具体的辨认形式有两种:对熟人辨认和对陌生人辨认,在对陌生人辨认时可以采用语音辨认的方法进行。当检材语音和样本语音都齐备的时候,法庭语音分析专家就可以对二者进行比对检验了。目前语音比对分析涉及到的问题和领域有:基于贝叶斯方法的法庭推理和似然比计算、共振峰频率的测量应用、非解析感知与样例理论、法庭说话人自动识别以及不同方法的综合应用等。 相似文献
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H C Modlin 《The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law》1989,17(4):415-419
The lives of forensic psychiatrists are complicated and subject to stressful experiences because they have elected to interact with a social system very different from their own. This article presents discussion of these frequently troublesome areas commonly encountered by forensic psychiatrists in trying to respond to the law's requests and needs without sacrificing their medical integrity: (1) legitimate definition of expertise; (2) reasonable medical certainty; (3) generally accepted standard of care. They are explored with emphasis on the exercise of self-assessment by the involved forensic psychiatrists lest their incautious application of knowledge and expertise become pitfalls of their own making. 相似文献
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Scientific evidence is often more reliable than other types of evidence commonly used in criminal trials – i.e., eyewitness identifications, confessions, and informant testimony. Nevertheless, despite its obvious value, forensic science has not always merited the term "science." Three developments in the 1990s focused attention on its shortcomings: the advent of DNA profiling, the Supreme Court's "junk science" decision, and a number of wellpublicized crime laboratory scandals. In light of these developments, and in order to take full advantage of the power of forensic science to aid in the search for truth, a number of reforms are needed: Crime laboratories should be accredited, lab procedures should be standardized, and basic research needs to be conducted on many commonly used techniques. Court procedures also require improvement: Defense experts should be more readily available to indigent defendants, and more comprehensive pretrial disclosure of the substance of expert testimony should be provided. 相似文献
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聚焦司法鉴定过程生成的鉴定人民事责任 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
考察鉴定人民事责任的制度依据和法律渊源,分析我国司法鉴定过程中,鉴定人民事责任的现实基础和规范依据。并以此为出发点,探讨我国司法鉴定人民事责任的基本内涵和外延,指出其特殊之处。最后从当事人实现救济的角度出发.提出鉴定人民事责任追诉的基本设想。 相似文献
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2008年度全国法医类、物证类、声像资料类司法鉴定情况统计分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
2008年,司法行政机关在司法鉴定管理工作中贯彻落实中央21号文件精神和全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》,进一步深化鉴定体制改革,促进鉴定管理工作发展。对法医类、物证类、声像资料类"三大类"司法鉴定的鉴定机构、鉴定人、鉴定业务情况进行统计分析,以总结经验,指导实践。 相似文献
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植物检验在司法鉴定中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物在自然界分布广泛,与人类生活密切相关,容易与各类诉讼活动发生联系而成为物证。为了提高对植物检验重要性的认识,作者对植物检验技术及其司法鉴定应用价值进行了探讨。 相似文献