REVIEWS: WIGMORE REFURBISHED

Book reviewed in this article: Wigmore on Evidence , Volumes 1 and 1A. Revised by Peter Tillers The Law of Child Custody : Development of the Substantive Law . By Shirley Wohl Kram and Neil A. Frank Consulting in Child Custody . An Introduction to the Ugliest Litigation for Mental -Health Professionals . By Melvin G. Goldzband Canadian Criminal Law : A Treatise . By Don R. Stuart     

社區矯正寫入刑法的重大意義

随著行刑社會化的發展，社區矯正在世界各國被普遍採用。我國此次《刑法修正案（八）》将社區矯正正式寫入刑法，使得「社區矯正」一詞第一次正式出现在刑法條文的规定中。這是對社區矯正在我國試行七年以来積極意義的重要肯定，也是對我國刑罰輕缓化、行刑社會化發展的進一步考驗。筆者認爲社區矯正寫入刑法有以下五方面的重要意義。     

香港冲突法中的国际间儿童诱拐问题

1980年《国际诱拐儿童民事方面公约》为国际间儿童诱拐问题的解决提供了一个国际方法,该公约在1997年7月1日之后继续适用于香港,并经转化为香港法例第512章《掳拐和管养儿童条例》。对于海牙《国际诱拐儿童民事方面的公约》适用的案件,适用《掳拐和管养儿童条例》;而对于非公约调整的案件,则适用普通法规则。为了海牙《国际诱拐儿童民事方面公约》在香港得以更好地施行,香港法律改革委员会于2002年4月29日作出了《国际性的父母诱拐子女问题报告书》。2009年10月,政府当局对《国际性的父母诱拐子女问题报告书》作出回应。     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: FOREVER AMBER?; Law and Administration . By C. Harlow and R. Rawlings . Murder into Manslaughter . By Susanne Dell . The Economic Approach to Law . Child Custody : A Study of Families after Divorce . By Deborah Anna Luepnitz . The Protection of Children : State Intervention and Family Life . By Robert Dingwall , John Eekelaar and Topsy Murray .     

Third interim report Review Committee of Commonwealth Criminal Law

Third interim report Review Committee of Commonwealth Criminal Law     

Opinion Center

At the last annual meeting of the American Bar Association a report was presented by the Committee on Juvenile Delinquency of the Section on Criminal Law. Chairman of the committee is Judge H. Eugene Breitenbach, of the California Superior Court, formerly a juvenile court judge. The report is significant. The following is a summary.     

House of Commons committee releases report on Canada's drug strategy

On 17 May 2001, the House of Commons created a Special Committee on Non-Medical Use of Drugs based on a motion introduced by Randy White, Canadian Alliance MP (Langley-Abbottsford) and gave it a very broad mandate to study "the factors underlying or relating to the non-medical use of drugs in Canada" and to propose recommendations aimed at reducing "the dimensions of the problem involved in such use." In December 2002, the Committee released its report, entitled Policy for the New Millennium: Working Together to Redefine Canada's Drug Strategy. The report contains many good recommendations, but fails to deal adequately with the fundamental harms caused by Canada's drug laws and federal government inaction. Far better is the supplementary report written by NDP MP Libby Davies (Vancouver East), which contains an excellent, informed critique of the report. The supplementary report from the official opposition, written by MPs Randy White and Kevin Sorenson (Crowfoot, Alberta) also makes for interesting, if troubling, reading--it is based nearly exclusively on fiction rather than facts and science.     

再次修改《商业银行法》的制度创新

《中华人民共和国商业银行法》於1995年5月10日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议通过,2003年12月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议通过了《板於修改〈中华人民共和国商业银行法〉的决定》,对该法进行了部分条款的修正。2013年3月全国人民代表大会期间,多位银行界代表提出再次修改《商业银行法》的议案,《商业银行法》再次修改工作将列入立法机构和银行业有关机构的工作日程。     

The Law on the Status of Deputies to the Soviets - In Action

The Law on the Status of Deputies to Soviets of Working People's Deputies in the USSR, adopted by the Supreme Soviet, has been in effect now for over a year and a half. Taking into consideration the special importance of exact and undeviating implementation of that law, the Committees on Legislative Proposals and the Mandate Committees of the two houses of the USSR Supreme Soviet have made a careful study of experience in carrying out this law and discussed this question in March 1974 at a joint meeting. A report to this meeting was presented by I. K. Lutak, deputy to the USSR Supreme Soviet and leader of a group of member-deputies of these committees who had prepared this question for consideration. G. I. Usmanov, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and deputy to the USSR Supreme Soviet, presented a report on experience in applying the Law on the Status of Deputies, as did N. A. Evsigneev, chairman of the Executive Committee of the Voronezh Regional Soviet of Working People's Deputies. Animated discussion arose at the meeting. Participating in it were deputies R. Kh. Abdullaeva, L. T. Torkkeli, A. N. Balandin, F. S. Kuralenok, B. P. Beshchev (USSR minister of transportation), and also S. I. Gusev, deputy procuratorgeneral of the USSR. I. V. Kapitonov, chairman of the Committee on Legislative Proposals of the Council of the Union and a secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, also spoke at the meeting.     

公民启动违宪审查的法律困境与制度完善

我国公民启动违宪审查的法律依据是《立法法》。《立法法》是在理顺法律规范文件间关系时引申出违宪审查问题的，具有一定的局限性，尤其是全国人大常委会的违宪审查权不能实际发挥作用。《立法法》中公民启动的违宪审查是全国人大常委会的违宪审查权，公民启动违宪审查缺少具体的操作程序设计，由此导致《立法法》中“公民启动违宪审查”的虚置。所以，必须从制度的高度重新设计并推动公民启动违宪审查的落实。     

全面正确认识全国人大常委会有关政制发展的决定

2004年4月6日全国人大常委会对香港基本法附件一第7条和附件二第3条作出解释；当月26日又作出关於2007年行政长官和2008年立法会产生办法有关问题的决定；2007年12月29日再作出关於2012年两个产生办法及有关普选问题的决定。用最近吴邦国委员长的工作报告上的话，就是“全国人大常委会根据香港基本法的立法原意，对基本法及其附件有关条款作出解释并通过相关决定，对保障基本法正确实施、推进香港民主健康发展、维护香港长期繁荣稳定发挥了不可替代的作用。”     

中国民法总则的制定

全国人大常委会决定在现行《民法通则》基础上,制定作为民法典总则编的民法总则,在各民事单行法基础上,编纂民法典各(分则)编,最终形成民法典。2016年6月28日,第十二届全国人大常委会第二十一次会议对《中华人民共和国民法总则(草案)》进行了初审。该草案后在中国人大网正式公布,向社会公众征求修改意见。与征求意见稿相比较,该草案在法律结构合理性、概念准确性、制度目的性、体系逻辑性及法律规范可操作性等方面确有提高,但尚有进一步修改完善的余地。着重介绍民法总则草案对《民法通则》的重要修改和新增内容,能够引起学者对草案相关变动利弊的进一步重视和反思。     

论破产法上债务人高管人员民事责任的追究

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law has designed the regime for debtor’s senior managers to bear civil liabilities, while the framework design concerning the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is still unclear. How to establish a prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities of debtor’s senior managers in line with the purposes of the bankruptcy regime is a substantial issue during the implementation of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. The realization of the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers depends on the establishment and operation of a relatively well-developed prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities. The focus of the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is to determine the subject of prosecution of civil liabilities, the way to realize civil liabilities, and the special hearing proceedings and authorities of the court. Taking steps to clarify and improve the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities focusing on the subjects of prosecution (debtor’s senior managers) and authorities of the court, is the essence and systematic safeguard of realizing the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. Gan Peizhong, Ph.D, is a professor of law and director of the Research Center for Enterprise and Company Law at Peking University. Prof. Gan is a recognized expert on economic law, company law, bankruptcy law and the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. He has released numerous articles on Chinese law journals and published many books. His major publications include Encyclopedia of Chinese Economic Law (vice editor-in-chief), New Studies on Economic Law (co-editor), New Studies on Enterprise Law (author), Studies on Chinese Economic Adjudication (editor-in-chief), Studies on Foreign Economic Law in Beijing (editor-in-chief), General Theories on Economic Law (co-editor), Legitimate Exercise of the Corporate Control Rights (author). Moreover, he was named the “leading young and middle-aged jurist” by Beijing Law Society in 1999. In addition, Prof. Gan is the deputy-president of the Securities Law Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Economic Law Association under China Law Society. He also serves as the consultant of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee and Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, as well as the Haidian District Court of Beijing.     

独立董事法律问题研究

In order to avoid independent directors from being against minority shareholders, and urging them to play the role of checking up big shareholders and insiders with full power in listed companies, the rules for independent directors shall be amended gradually. Currently, the reform on the independent director regime shall be made in some aspects. First, the positions of independent directors shall be held by qualified professionals; Second, independent directors shall pass the exam for such posts; Third, independent directors shall take full-time jobs; Fourth, the firms of independent directors shall be established with limited partnership liability; Fifth, independent directors shall undertake joint liabilities. Guan Xiaofeng, professor of School of Civil and Commercial and Economic Laws, China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL). He is also an arbitrator of China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee (CIETAC). He has engaged in teaching and research on civil and commercial laws for a long term, and written a monograph of Introduction to Financial Law. Moreover, he has released over 40 academic papers in respect of commercial, financial and contract law.     

论全国人大常务委员会法律统一解释体制构建

1982年《宪法》明确赋予了全国人大常务委员会法律解释权、法律修改权与非基本法律制定权.2000年《立法法》进一步明确了全国人大常务委员会法律解释程序.从2000年开始全国人大常务委员会充分地行使了法律解释权,针对《刑法》共颁布了九个立法解释,由此也引发了刑法立法解释与刑法司法解释如何区分,是否有独立存在意义的争议.通过对刑法立法解释的实证分析,我们可以发现全国人大常务委会法律解释体制的特征不在于其解释方法的特殊性,而是其特殊的法律统一解释功能.在社会主义法律体系逐步完备之后,如何保障法律体系内部的协调,将成为越来越重要的任务.全国人大常务委会法律解释体制应承担此重要的功能,这既是1982年《宪法》所赋予的权力,也是构建宪政国家不可或缺的环节.应基于这种法律统一解释功能来构建全国人大常务委员会的法律解释程序.     

《环境保护法》的前世今生

修订后的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》将于2015年1月1日开始实施,这部法律的前身是1979年《环境保护法（试行）》,基础是1989年颁行的《环境保护法》。1979年的《环境保护法（试行）》虽然不是此次修法的直接文本,但其作为中国第一部环境保护领域的综合性法律,在奠定中国环境保护法律制度体系基础的同时,也为后来留下了一些隐患,成为此次修法的争论的起因。1989年的《环境保护法》是此次修改的直接文本,这部法律的存废之争一直持续了20多年;在2011年年初人大常委会正式启动修法程序后,经历全国人大常委会四次审议、修改草案两次面向社会公开征求意见、从＂修正案＂到＂修订案＂,创造了中国立法史上几个＂第一＂。最终通过的《环境保护法修订案》体现了十八届三中全会提出的建设生态文明,建立最严格制度的要求,确立了其在环境保护领域的基础性、综合性法律的地位,在建立生态环境保护法律机制方面实现了重大突破。     

简论我国行政复议的原则与范围

1999年4月29日由全国人大常委会通过的《中华人民共和国行政复议法》,与过去国务院颁行的《行政复议条例》相比较,所规定的原则更加充实和科学,其复议的范围也更加宽泛,并有新的突破。     

THE BOOKSHELF

Parents Whose Parents Were Divorced R. Thomas Berner
Divorce and the Next Generation: Effects on Young Adults' Patterns of Intimacy and Expectations for Marriage Craig A. Everett, Ed.
Fathers and Child Custody: A Comparative Review of Interventions for Children of Divorce: Custody, Access and Psychotherapy William Hodges
The Custody Revolution Richard Warshak     

《中华人民共和国劳动合同法实施条例》简介

一、制定之必要性 《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》（以下简称《劳动合同法》）於2007年6月29曰由十届全国人大常委会第二十八次会议通过，自2008年1月1曰起施行。《劳动合同法》作为构建和发展和谐劳动关系的一部重要法律，从起草、审议到公布施行，一直受到社会各界的广泛关注。     

论我国《行政复议法》修改的若干问题

欲实现行政复议解决纠纷、监督行政和权利救济的复合功能,《行政复议法》的修改和完善必须相对集中行政复议权,并引入行政复议委员会,将抽象行政行为和内部行为一并纳入行政复议范围,改书面审理方式为言词审理方式,确立复议期间停止(暂缓)执行制度,实现复议程序多元化,取消复议终局制度,确立司法最终裁判原则,以充分发挥行政复议制度专业性、便捷性等优势。