关于民警培训教学质量监控体系的思考

教学质量监控体系对于规范民警培训、提高培训质量、实现培训目标具有重要价值，应切实加强教学质量监控体系的构建。在构建的路径选择上应以实际、适用和实效为标准，要明确“构建”的总体目标；遵循“构建”的基本原则；确定“构建”的主要内容；完善“构建”的保障机制，确保培训教学质量监控体系有效运行。     

Learning in practice for becoming a professional forensic expert

The study explores the professional development of future forensic experts. Specifically, it investigates how the forensic expert trainees learn through the internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science with a focus on the supervision at work. The findings are drawn from an ethnographical study where five trainees and their supervisors have been observed and interviewed. By drawing on a socio cultural perspective on learning, the results show that supervision is crucial for professional development. Two types of activities and relations define how supervision is implemented. There is a "transitional movement" in how supervision is staged depending on the trainees' gradual changes in participation in the work practice and increased experience. Forensic experts need skills and know-how to make wise and impartial judgments, i.e. a kind of tacit professional practical knowledge, as well as the skill to communicate with other professionals. However, the development of a professional language is somewhat unspoken or planned. Becoming a forensic expert is a learning process in practice where supervision plays a decisive role in maintaining the professional knowledge in the judicial system. Therefore, supervision for supervising might be a valuable support for supervisors.     

Supervising junior doctors and "on-call" responsibilities: Brus v Australian Capital Territory; Greater Southern Area Health Service v Angus

The recent decisions of Brus v Australian Capital Territory [2007] ACTSC 83 and Greater Southern Area Health Service v Angus [2007] NSWSC 1211 highlight different aspects of the difficulties associated with supervision of junior doctors in the present public-funded Australian public hospital system. Their facts reveal how difficult it is for senior staff to achieve the fine balance required to assist trainees by according adequate experience and responsibility on the one hand, and to ensure patient safety, on the other. In addition, these cases highlight problems with the supervision process that are likely to be exacerbated in a privatised health care setting where senior staff may have less inclination to supervise struggling juniors unless adequately remunerated for such teaching, an issue of considerable controversy given the focus on profit of those institutions.     

2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化管理成效分析

目的:了解2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化管理效果,评价放射卫生规范化监管模式作用,为加强医疗机构放射卫生监督管理和提高医疗机构放射卫生监督管理水平提供依据。方法:汇总2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化数据,分析指出卫生监管中存在的问题。结果:2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化管理成效显著,机构、设备、人员等数量显著增加,许可率、规范率和培训率等均达到100%。结论:"放射卫生监督规范化、放射诊疗行为规范化和放射技术服务行为规范化"等三个规范化监管有效推动全区医疗机构监督管理水平提升。     

Good cop—Bad cop: Problem officers,law enforcement culture,and strategies for success

Police officers are the only professionals mandated by society to use discretionary coercive physical force as a necessary component of fulfilling their duty to maintain public safety and uphold the law. If community policing is to prevail as an effective and credible style of law enforcement, the legitimate use of competent police authority will continue to be a vital issue. This article analyzes the types of officer problems and problem officers that can harm community policing efforts. These include (1) individual factors, such as attitudes, personality traits, and psychological disorders; (2) police-citizen interaction factors, such as interpersonal dynamics and community attitudes; and (3) organizational factors, such as training and supervision, departmental philosophy, and the “cop culture.” The article then offers practical strategies for improving officer performance, including (1) selection and screening of officers; (2) training and supervision; (3) fitnessfor-duty evaluations; (4) effective supervision and discipline; (5) coaching and counseling strategies; and (6) the most productive use of psychological services. Throughout this discussion, the concept of the police officer as a law enforcement professional is emphasized as essential for guiding public safety policy into the 21^st century.     

Treated sex offenders as “paraprofessional” co-workers in the treatment of the sex offender

This paper will briefly review the utilization of the paraprofessional in a community-based sex offender treatment programme in Merseyside, UK. The paraprofessionals are treated paedophiles in the role of treatment co-facilitators. Further thoughts on the role dynamic, training issues and supervision are discussed. This is an example of service-user involvement in practice.     

《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》食物权法律解析

食物权作为一项基本人权关乎人类的生存、健康和尊严。《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》第11条首次对食物权作出规定，并通过一系列评论文件阐明其内涵、国家权利和义务以及监督机制。有关食物权的规定的出台有着重要意义，但金融危机和粮食危机给食物权的实现带来了巨大的阻力。在该背景下，如何消除饥饿，提供足够的食物是国际社会共同面临的问题。     

Medicare and Medicaid programs; requirements for paid feeding assistants in long term care facilities. Final rule

This final rule permits a long term care facility to use paid feeding assistants to supplement the services of certified nurse aides under certain conditions. States must approve training programs for feeding assistants using Federal requirements as minimum standards. Feeding assistants must successfully complete a State-approved training program and work under the supervision of a registered nurse or licensed practical nurse. The intent is to provide more residents with help in eating and drinking and reduce the incidence of unplanned weight loss and dehydration.     

The role of whistle blowing for public interest and the protection of the whistle blower in Nigeria

One of the functions of governments is the protection of public interest. The performance of this function is one of the criteria used in assessing governments’ credibility. Thus, the occurrence of whistle blowing in the interest of the public, and its aftereffect, improves the confidence or discourages subsequent observers of wrongdoings from disclosing. The article finds that Nigeria lack adequate laws to protect whistle blowers. It therefore recommends for an adequate protection of whistle blowers, including training and awareness of whistle blowing so as to adequately protect the whistle blower and sustain public interest.     

Deviancy training: understanding how preventive interventions harm

Joan McCord’s follow-up study of the Cambridge–Somerville Youth Project showed that even well-intentioned, well-implemented prevention programs sometimes have harmful effects on participants. She reported that peer reinforcement of delinquent behaviors or bragging about delinquent behaviors that occurred during summer camp experiences provided as part of the project might explain the negative outcomes observed for treatment boys. We explored this “deviancy training” mechanism in the context of an evaluation of an after-school program. The study found that peer deviancy training does occur in the context of after-school programs, that it is more likely to occur during less structured activities, and that more violent behavior also occurs during these less structured times. Also, the amount of adult supervision that is afforded in after-school programs did not counteract the reinforcing effect of peers. Finally, we showed that while teaching a prevention curriculum that was part of the after-school program, the most effective group leaders provided positive reinforcement for students’ pro-deviancy expressions. A scale assessing beliefs that illegal, violent, and risky behaviors are common and acceptable in the peer group favored the control students in the programs in which group leaders were observed providing this positive reinforcement. Implications for prevention programming are discussed.     

Predicting State Police Officer Performance in the Field Training Officer Program: What Can We Learn from the Cadet’s Performance in the Training Academy?

This paper examines the influence of the state police law enforcement academy on the performance of commissioned officers in the field training officer (FTO) program in a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The police training academy is paramount in preparing cadets for the roles, responsibilities, and activities that graduates assume independently in the field. As such, it is important to understand the value added to future performance in the field through adequate preparation in the training academy. This study analyzes a sample of officers in the Southeastern region of the United States and explores the relationship between their performance as cadets in the academy and their performance as commissioned officers in the field training officer program. Through stepwise regression, the researcher concluded that the law enforcement training academy accounts for 10% of the performance variance of newly commissioned officers in the field officer training program. The researcher recommended further analysis of the law enforcement curriculum and of the field training officer program. This research should focus on the specific goals and objectives of the FTO program to ensure that the curriculum taught in the academy is properly aligned with the performance measures of the FTO program.     

Impacts of Juvenile Probation Training Models on Youth Recidivism

Probation and parole case managers in 12 field offices of a state juvenile justice agency took part in a controlled experiment aimed at advancing knowledge on implementing evidence-based practices in juvenile assessment, treatment planning, and placement. Employing stratification and random assignment, case managers in four of the offices were assigned to a control/no training condition and case managers in the other eight offices took part in an initial training and two follow-up sessions on research-based supervision practices. In four of these offices, training was enhanced by the inclusion of peer coaches who provided internal support for practice implementation. Consistent with other ongoing research that shows improved organizational functioning in the enhanced training sites, logistic and Cox regression results on 1,518 youth in two follow-up cohorts tracked over 12?months indicate those supervised in the enhanced sites show a pattern of reduced recidivism compared to those in the standard and control sites.     

党政领导干部问责制的调查与分析

据2010年4月向B市中青干部培训班学员的问卷调查,大部分学员对B市实施问责制情况的评价不高,但对近年来全国性"问责风暴"的认同度要高得多,官员们的法治意识有所增强,但对问责制的学习和宣传还要加强。为进一步构建有效的问责制度,应明确问责决定机关,加强人大在问责中的作用,充分发挥司法机关、新闻媒体、人民群众的监督作用,还应明确问责对象、拓宽问责内容、统一问责标准。为优化问责制运行环境,还应建立有效权力监督机制,实现权力无缝隙配置。     

Medicare, Medicaid, and CLIA programs; personnel requirements for cytotechnologists--HCFA. Final rule with comment period

This rule amends certain personnel requirements for cytotechnologists that perform testing in laboratories subject to the requirements of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). We are providing an adequate period of time for individuals to gain the necessary 2 years experience performing cytology testing which is currently included in two of the provisions for qualifying as a cytotechnologist. Also, we are extending the time for individuals to either meet the educational qualifications by virtue of completing training in an approved cytotechnology training program or be certified by an approved organization. We are making these changes to prevent the loss of qualified personnel in the field of cytotechnology.     

日本法科大学院教育制度及其特征

法科大学院是日本的新型法律人才培养机构。这一制度借鉴了美国法学院教育模式,招收具有多样专业知识背景的学生,开展研究生层次的职业化教育。建立法科大学院制度是日本在司法改革的大背景下,在扩大法律职业数量和确保法律职业培养质量的目标下,做出的制度选择。日本通过了相关法律,并派遣在职法官、检察官任教,以保证法科大学院具有充分的师资,保证法科大学院教育的质量。     

行政立法与无为而治

“无为而治”的思想如果经过适当地吸收和转换,完全可以作为现代行政管理和行政立法的精神营养。而现代治理中与“无为”精神相通的就是“有限政府”的理念。行政立法的“无为”精神要求行政立法不能越权立法,不能限制基本人权,对非基本人权的限制也必须有法律的授权并且程度适当,不能立自利之法、不公之法、无效益之法和违背自然生态规律之法。在行政立法中实现“无为”精神要求正确处理“无为”与“有为”的关系,要求健全的监督机制和民主化的立法程序。     

An unusual missile-type head injury caused by a stone: case report and medicolegal perspectives

Missile head injury is predominantly caused by firearms; however, small blunt objects such as a stone can be propelled into the air and cause a low-velocity-type missile injury, as described in this case report. Since the cerebral damage in low-velocity missile injuries is usually focal, there might not be disturbance of consciousness until secondary brain damage occurs; therefore, adequate medical supervision is necessary to prevent and treat potentially fatal complications in a timely manner. This is a rare case of a penetrating missile wound of the head, most likely caused by the use of a stone propelled by a slingshot that penetrated the skull and lacerated the brain with the stone embedded within the substance of the brain. The deceased died at home 2 days later from focal suppurative meningitis with cerebral abscess formation and a subdural hemorrhage.     

论终身教育的必要性与迫切性

高素质人才要通过教育来实现。单纯的一次性学校教育已经远远不能满足当今社会发展的需要,难以承载培养人才的重任。终身教育思想作为一种新的教育理念和指导思想正在广为人们接受。     

SUPPORTING FAMILY STRENGTH: THE USE OF TRANSFORMATIVE MEDIATION IN A PINS MEDIATION CLINIC

This article describes, and explains the rationales for, the establishment of an innovative program in which a law school and two social services agencies are collaborating in a mediation clinic that uses the transformative model of mediation to serve clients in cases that seem ideally suited to benefit from this approach to practice—so-called "PINS" (persons in need of supervision) cases involving conflict within families, between parents and their adolescent children. The article first describes the evolution of the PINS system and the changing views of its purpose, especially in New York State. It then offers a brief introduction to the unique features of the transformative approach to mediation and explains why that approach in particular is likely to mesh with current understandings of the needs of the families involved in these cases. Finally, the article describes the innovative "Family Solutions Program" and how it uses transformative mediation to help these families and suggests that experience of this program shows how use of the transformative model, in particular, could be valuable not only for clinical education but also for effective volunteer training and supervision in mediation programs generally.