I. Community Responsibility and Action

Community is the key to successful reduction of alcohol and other drug abuse. Only at the community level can effective comprehensive response be developed that will reduce both supply of and demand for destructive psychoactive drugs. Only the community can bring about the fundamental societal changes in attitudes and behavior that will reduce significantly our demand for drugs. Only the community can develop and sustain accessible programs that over time, will successfully prevent, treat and control substance abuse. The interest of society is to create a safe, secure and healthy environment that is free of drug abuse among all its members.     

在社区矫正中加强社区建设的思考

社区矫正强调矫正实施的社区性。这意味着，执行社区矫正计划的场所是在社区之中，犯罪人可以在自己居住或者长期居留的社区环境中参与社区矫正计划，完成社区矫正计划指定或决定的义务。那么，处于社区矫正试点中的我国社区，为承担起执行社区矫正计划的场所的“重任”准备好了吗？最近，笔者带着这个问题考察了正在社区矫正试点的部分社区，试图找出这个问题的答案。     

Sex Offender Community Notification and Community Stratification

Community notification laws have been passed by the federal government and legislature of every state. At the very least, these laws require local law enforcement officials to publicize the personal and residential information of known sex offenders. Although researchers and other social commentators have begun to assess the effects of community notification on targeted sex offenders and on criminal justice practices and practitioners, the potential consequences of the policy for different types of communities have received only scant attention. Using sex offender registry and US Census data for two states (Nebraska and Oklahoma), we examine the relationship between community characteristics and the residential patterns of sex offenders. Findings from mapping and regression analyses suggest a greater concentration of sex offenders in disadvantaged communities than in more affluent communities. To the extent that community notification allows residents of more affluent communities to mobilize resources in order to remove identified sex offenders, it may increase the geographical clustering of these offenders in areas already facing a greater risk and having fewer resources to manage the problem. Implications of findings in terms of “concentrated disadvantage” are discussed.     

市民社会、社区与社区矫正

从市民社会的角度分析刑事司法制度、社区矫正与社会结构之间的关系,可认识到二元结构的社会是社区矫正制度得以建立的社会基础。我国尚处于从一元社会结构向二元社会结构转型的过程中,因而目前的社区矫正具有现阶段的一些过渡性特点,需要从理论研究、法规建设、机构建设以及探索社会资源参与社区矫正的方式等方面对这项制度予以完善。     

域外社区矫正制度的分析及我国的立法建议

为了保障犯罪人在刑罚执行期间获得社会化并能够更好地回归社会，二十世纪六十年代以来，行刑社会化也就渐成一种时代的潮流，其社会化的主要实现方式则是实行社区矫正．以至于这一制度在全世界得到普遍认同与采用。随着我国社会的现代发展和社会主义法治民主的文明，2006年10月，党的十六届六中全会作出的《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》要求“积极推行社区矫正。”2008年12月，     

Community Penalties in the United States

The author discusses some background matters concerning the US criminal justice systems that may provide useful context for non-US readers, and summarises the main general conclusions about the operation of community penalties from two decades' research. He also briefly summarises research concerning each of the major penalties that have been attempted. Why American jurisdictions have been comparatively unsuccessful at use of community penalties as alternatives to incarceration and whether that lack of receptivity can be changed is discussed in the conclusion.     

共同体利益原则与欧共体最新反倾销法程序规则

欧共体最新反倾销法关于共同体利益原则的规定,是欧共体反倾销法的一个重大发展,同时也使其程序性规则得到进一步完善。     

浅析司法机关在社区矫正工作中的问题与对策——以四平市社区矫正工作为视角

社区矫正制度是我国司法改革的重要内容。目前。司法机关作为社区矫正工作的主体在实践中暴露出了诸多问题。本文以四平市为视角。对司法机关在实施社区矫正工作中面临的问题进行了分析并提出相关对策,以期对我国社区矫正制度的发展有所裨益。     

Patent Protection in Europe: Integrating Europe into the Community or the Community into Europe?

Patent protection in Europe basically rests on two pillars: national grants or grants from the European Patent Organisation (EPO). The EPO grants patents by a centralised procedure with uniform conditions, but once granted the patents become national and subject to the divergent national laws of EPO–Member States. The system has been very successful, so successful, indeed, that it overshadowed the Community's many unsuccessful attempts to set up a Community patent system of its own by way of a convention between Member States. As the Commission has recently stepped in by proposing the establishment of a Community Patent system by way of regulation, a kind of 'cooperative rivalry' has arisen between the Community and the EPO about how to unify patent protection in Europe. This rivalry not only mirrors divergent views on the politico–economic functions of the patent system, but also is illustrative of different concepts of regional integration in a context of global competition for innovation.     

试析法律职业共同体与法律人才培养共同体之间的互动

法律职业的产生与形成始终与法学教育有着不解之缘。为解决多年来形成的将法律人才培养体制分解为位于不同阶段相互缺乏必要联系的结构失范问题 ,我们必须通过系统的方法 ,从法律人才培养的全过程出发、从法学教育的双重属性出发 ,尽快重构法律人才的宏观培养体制 ,使目前相互分离的法律学科教育制度、法律职业教育制度、司法考试制度、法律职业技能训练制度和终身化的继续教育制度整合构建成一个完整的法律人才培养共同体 ,进而形成法律职业共同体与法律人才培养共同体之间的良性互动。