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本文综述了海洛因毒品不同存在形态的基本性质,对海洛因毒品进行盐型检验的必要性以及近年来国内外对于海洛因盐型检验的基本情况和研究进展。 相似文献
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甲基苯丙胺(MA)是近年来在我国公共场所流行滥用的成瘾性药物,俗称冰毒。目前实验研究发现,MA对人体多个系统都具有毒性作用,其中对心血管系统的毒性损害作用较为显著。临床表现上,MA中毒主要导致了以心率和血压改变为特异性表现的一系列症状,以及继发的心脏结构改变所导致的心脏损害;病理学上,MA中毒导致了心肌坏死、心肌间质炎细胞增多、心肌纤维化、心肌梗死等。法医学研究中,发现了MA急性中毒导致死亡的主要原因是MA引起的心律失常和室颤,慢性中毒的死因较多,以MA慢性中毒导致高血压、心肌病、心肌梗死等为主。MA中毒的心肌毒性的分子机制表现为心肌内多种蛋白质表达的改变。目前MA心肌毒性的机制研究较多,但仍未完全查明。本文通过对近年来MA心肌毒性研究现状进行综述,为后续研究提供参考。 相似文献
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同位素比值质谱法(IRMS)是目前鉴别缴获的海洛因来源的三种主要方法之一。用该法研究海洛因的来源应分别考虑吗啡来源地和乙酰化试剂来源二方面的因素。本文以缴获的海洛因毒品制备吗啡的方法着手,从酸性和碱性两条路线考察了海洛因水解制备吗啡的方法。研究水解的实验条件,达到了码啡90%以上的产率和95%以上的纯度。首次提出了最佳的反应参数组合,它们分别为:反应温度100℃,反应时间30min,海洛因样品(包括海洛因盐酸盐和游离碱)与盐酸的摩尔比1:3.0;反应温度100℃,时间45min,海洛因盐酸盐与KOH的摩尔比1:4.4,海洛因游离碱与KOH的摩尔比1:3.4。本文还考察了吗啡气相色谱(GC)定量的工作曲线,并对吗啡的TMS衍生物的GC、GC/MS测定结果进行了比较。 相似文献
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Drug users often define themselves as functional users and depict others as dysfunctional (i.e. junkies). Previous research on the social identities of drug users has focused on the symbolic boundaries they create to distance themselves from stigmatized others. Investigators have yet to focus on how users account for their own boundary violations. Here, we examine the narratives of 30 former women methamphetamine (meth) users to determine how they make distinctions between functional and dysfunctional meth users (i.e. “meth heads”). The distinctions they make are based on users’ abilities to maintain control of their lives and to hide their use from outsiders. Those who saw themselves as functional but who engaged in behaviors inconsistent with this image accounted for these behaviors to maintain desired identities. We show the complexity of drug users’ identities and illustrate how anti-drug campaigns that provide grotesque caricatures of drug users may prolong drug using careers. 相似文献
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Abstract: Turkey has continuously experienced problems with abuse of, and addiction to, opium derivatives. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between heroin overdose deaths and the characteristics of seized opium derivatives. Data were gathered from the Council of Forensic Medicine of the Ministry of Justice in Istanbul from 1990 to 2000. There were 636 heroin‐related deaths during this period, 595 of which were classified as heroin overdose deaths. Mean crude and weighted heroin purities remained relatively constant and were calculated to be 46% (57–34%) and 51% (39–59%), respectively. The weight of heroin and the number of heroin seizures, but not the heroin purity, were significantly associated with the number of heroin‐related deaths. Prevention strategies are needed to reduce the number of deaths caused by overdoses in countries situated on drug trafficking routes. These strategies should focus on drug trafficking, by providing increased levels of, and support for, law enforcement, stopping the supply of precursor chemicals, and combating corruption among border officials. 相似文献
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目的利用SELEX筛选甲基苯丙胺适配子,并初步鉴定获得甲基苯丙胺的适配子。方法体外合成全长为76 bp的随机ssDNA文库,以甲基苯丙胺完全抗原偶联到溴化氰活化琼脂糖上,作为固相靶分子对随机ssDNA文库进行SELEX筛选。利用SPR测定适配子和甲基苯丙胺的结合率和特异性,通过MFOLD分析软件对适配子进行二级结构预测和结合位点分析。结果经过10轮筛选后,甲基苯丙胺适配子的结合率由88.3 RU上升到113.7 RU,表明特异性适配子得到逐步富集。获得的适配子进行测序,得10个序列,二级结构均为茎-环结构,可能是适配子和甲基苯丙胺结合的结构基础。结论本研究使用SELEX技术筛选小分子毒品甲基苯丙胺适配子的方法,获得与甲基苯丙胺特异性结合的适配子序列,揭示了适配子与甲基苯丙胺结合的基本结构,为制备特异性甲基苯丙胺检测试剂盒奠定了基础。 相似文献
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David R. Morello B.S. ; Sam D. Cooper B.S. ; Sini Panicker M.S. ; John F. Casale B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(1):42-49
Abstract: The illicit manufacture of heroin results in the formation of trace level acidic and neutral impurities. These impurities are detectable in illicit heroin and provide valuable information about the manufacturing process used. The isolation, derivatization, and semiquantitative analysis of neutral and acidic heroin manufacturing impurities by programmed temperature vaporizing injector-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS) is described. Trace acidic and neutral heroin impurities were isolated from basic fractions using liquid–liquid extraction. Extracted impurities were treated with N -Methyl- N -trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide followed by PTV-GC-MS analyses. Semiquantitative data were obtained using full scan mass spectrometry utilizing unique ions or ion combinations for 36 trace impurities found in crude and/or highly refined heroin samples. Minimum detection limits for acidic and neutral impurities were estimated to be at the 10−7 level relative to total morphine. Over 500 authentic heroin samples from South America, Mexico, Southwest Asia, and Southeast Asia were analyzed. Classification of illicit heroin based on the presence or absence and relative amounts of acidic and neutral impurities is presented. 相似文献
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Shane Darke Ph.D. Johan Duflou M.Med.Path F.R.C.P.A. Sharlene Kaye Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(5):1466-1471
Characteristics of death attributed solely to methamphetamine toxicity (MT, n = 93) by forensic pathologists were examined and compared to cases of multiple drug toxicity (MDT, n = 634). The mean age of MT cases was 36.7 years, and 86.0% were male. Strenuous activity was reported in 12.9%. The most common witness observations were: collapse (60.3%), difficulty in breathing (36.2%), and hyperthermia (27.6%). MT cases had higher blood methamphetamine (0.54 vs. 0.11 mg/L) and amphetamine (0.04 vs. 0.02 mg/L) concentrations and lower likelihoods for opioids (12.5% vs. 80.9%), hypnosedatives (27.3 vs. 60.7%), antidepressants (14.8 vs. 29.8%), and antipsychotics (9.1 vs. 19.7%). MT cases had significantly heavier hearts than MDT cases (423.4 vs. 385.8 g) and were more likely to have cardiomegaly (37.1 vs. 20.4%) and replacement fibrosis (25.7 vs. 14.5%). The clinical picture was of a sudden cardiac event in a middle‐aged man with a high methamphetamine concentration. Cardiovascular signs of heavy methamphetamine use are frequently seen. 相似文献
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苯丙胺类中枢兴奋剂是21世纪最广泛滥用的毒品.甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,MA)的中毒机理、精神依赖性、耐药性以及治疗药物的研发是当前研究的热点.MA中毒动物模型的建立是研究MA相关问题的基础.MA动物模型建立的规范化和标准化对以后MA的进一步研究奠定了实验基础.本文结合国内外关于MA中毒动物的文献资料,通过对MA急性、亚急性以及慢性中毒动物模型研究的论述.对造模原理、造模方法 和评价标准进行了探讨,并指出建立以动物为主体的MA中毒模型来进行相关实验研究的必要性以及重要性. 相似文献