十年反恐战争的代价

在长达近十年的时间里，美国发动了两场大的战争，并对政府进行了自大萧条以来最大的改组.新武器远程制导无人机被派往也门和巴基斯坦屠杀好战分子，220多万美国人参与了战争，100多万人已作为退伍军人回国。     

美国无人机反恐行动分析

美国的无人机反恐行动始于小布什政府初期,迄今已击毙许多恐怖组织头目及成员,提高了反恐效率,减少了美军伤亡,节约了军费开支,但也产生诸多负面影响,如侵犯别国主权,违反国际法和美国宪法,造成大量平民伤亡,使所在国民众生活在恐惧之中,激起他们强烈的反美情绪,并为恐怖分子所用,还引发无人机军备竞赛.未来美国政府将继续使用无人机反恐攻击,但也面临着多重挑战.     

全巴基斯坦本土汉语教师的发展历程与展望CSSCI

巴基斯坦本土汉语教师从无到有,从最开始的一个到今天的二十八个,不但巴基斯坦本土汉语教师的数量在增长,而且本土教师的学历、本土教师的地区分布、本土教师的业务培训等等方面都在朝着好的方向发展。巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学中文系的本土汉语教师在巴基斯坦汉语教学中的地位和作用是举足轻重的。巴基斯坦本土汉语教师的发展变化,也从另一个侧面反映了中国和巴基斯坦这两个相邻国家之间兄弟般的传统友谊不断加强。     

论伊克巴尔的民族思想与巴基斯坦建国

伊克巴尔是巴基斯坦著名诗人和哲学家，他的民族思想启蒙和团结了印度穆斯林，并在巴基斯坦建国过程中发挥了重要的作用，他被公认为是巴基斯坦独立建国运动的先驱和缔造者之一。时至今日，伊克巴尔的民族思想仍然深深扎根于巴基斯坦人民之中，深受巴基斯坦人民的尊崇。     

评塔利班对巴基斯坦的渗透北大核心CSSCISSCI

美国在阿富汗发动反恐战争后,塔利班加强了对巴基斯坦的渗透。特别是2004年以来,巴基斯坦开始出现基地组织的"巴基斯坦化"以及巴基斯坦塔利班,且它们的势力和影响不断扩大,不仅对巴国内政局,而且对地区局势,特别是对美国主导的反恐战争产生了重要影响。在美国全力实施阿巴新战略之际,塔利班势力对巴基斯坦的渗透及其后续发展值得关注和研究。     

巴基斯坦政局进入多事之秋

2007年以来,巴基斯坦政局乱象迭起。穆沙拉夫总统面临极端主义威胁、反对派攻击和去除军职等一系列挑战,相继经历司法危机和红色清真寺危机,其政治基础有所动摇。军队、伊斯兰势力和美国三大因素相互作用、彼此对冲,使巴难以摆脱其政治发展的历史周期律,政治生态可能进入新一轮循环,甚至推动巴国内政治斗争的主旋律发生根本变化。     

全巴基斯坦本土汉语教师的发展历程与展望

巴基斯坦本土汉语教师从无到有,从最开始的一个到今天的二十八个,不但巴基斯坦本土汉语教师的数量在增长,而且本土教师的学历、本土教师的地区分布、本土教师的业务培训等等方面都在朝着好的方向发展。巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学中文系的本土汉语教师在巴基斯坦汉语教学中的地位和作用是举足轻重的。巴基斯坦本土汉语教师的发展变化,也从另一个侧面反映了中国和巴基斯坦这两个相邻国家之间兄弟般的传统友谊不断加强。     

“演变中的南亚政治、经济形势：中国和巴基斯坦的作用”学术研讨会综述

20 0 5年 2月 2 3- 2 5日巴基斯坦政策研究中心 (IPS)和中国四川大学南亚研究所 (ISAS)在巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡巴基斯坦政策研究中心 (IPS)和巴基斯坦白沙瓦大学国际关系学系 ( 2月 2 5日 )联合举行了题为“演变中的南亚政治、经济形势 :中国和巴基斯坦的作用”的两场研讨会 ,来自巴基斯坦、中国、韩国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、美国和法国的约 4 0多位学者、巴基斯坦国会议员、政府官员参加了在伊斯兰堡举行的研讨会 ;在白沙瓦大学举行的研讨会则有白沙瓦大学副校长、专家、教授和大学生约 30 0人参加。来自中国的四川大学南亚研究所所长文富…     

穆哈吉尔地位变迁研究

穆哈吉尔是印巴分治后从印度迁往巴基斯坦的操乌尔都语的穆斯林移民,他们主要生活和居住在信德省的城市。穆哈吉尔以巴基斯坦创建者自居,在新建的巴基斯坦自治领居于主导地位。20世纪60~70年代,巴基斯坦族群政治兴起,穆哈吉尔的主导地位逐渐丧失。穆哈吉尔地位变迁成为巴基斯坦政治格局转变的缩影。     

中国的巴基斯坦研究简述

巴基斯坦在中国外交中占据着重要而特殊的地位,进一步巩固和发展中巴关系离不开中国巴基斯坦研究者的智力支持。本文分三个阶段概述了中国巴基斯坦研究的成果与不足。中国的巴基斯坦研究经过六十多年的发展,取得了丰硕的成果,加深了对巴基斯坦各个领域的了解。但与此同时也存在着不容忽视的不足：重视程度不够,研究深度以及广度仍需加强,研究力量比较薄弱。笔者建议学界加强对巴基斯坦以及其他发展中国家的研究,以改变中国国际关系学界片面地以研究美欧目等发达国家为主的局面。     

Do Drone Strikes Degrade Al Qaeda? Evidence From Propaganda Output

The United States has used unmanned, aerial vehicles—drones—to launch attacks on militants associated with Al Qaeda and other violent groups based in Pakistan. The goal is to degrade the target's capacity to undertake political and violent action. We assess the effectiveness of drone strikes in achieving this goal, measuring degradation as the capacity of Al Qaeda to generate and disseminate propaganda. Propaganda is a key output of many terrorist organizations and a long-standing priority for Al Qaeda. Unlike other potential measures of terrorist group activity and capacity, propaganda output can be observed and measured. If drone strikes have degraded Al Qaeda, their occurrence should be correlated with a reduction in the organization's propaganda output. The analysis presented here finds little evidence that this is the case. Drone strikes have not impaired Al Qaeda's ability to generate propaganda.     

Identification of Risk Factors Generating Terrorism in Pakistan

Terrorism is a complex issue and various researchers have identified numerous causes and conditions that generate or are capable of generating terrorism. In the last decade, terrorist attacks claimed 36,495 lives and injured 27,985 people in Pakistan as a result of 3,482 bomb blasts and 281 suicide attacks. The aim of this research was to establish the major risk factors generating terrorism, based on the opinions of security officials who dealt directly with the Pakistan security situation. Sixty-five causes identified from the literature and interviews with security officials were modeled and transformed into a questionnaire. A nationwide response from security officials who were directly involved in dealing with apprehended terrorists was obtained. The population was selected proportionately from high, medium, and low security zones of Pakistan. Out of 500 questionnaires sent, 103 valid responses were received. The results helped establish the 13 major risk factors associated with generating terrorism. It was observed that addressing these 13 major risk factors would mostly resolve the other minor risk factors as well. Findings of this research might be beneficial for countries affected by terrorism, and countries with prioritized and rationalized allocation of funds in their budgets for substantially overcoming terrorism.     

A critical evaluation of American drone strikes in Pakistan: legality,legitimacy and prudence

This article critically evaluates the American counterterrorism strategy of carrying out drone strikes in the tribal areas of Pakistan to enquire whether undertaking these actions could be described as a responsible policy. The analytical framework is introduced through the idea that, being a great power, the United States has a responsibility to act legally, legitimately and prudently. This framework is then applied to the current case study. The analysis concludes that it is not possible to classify the said policy as a responsible one.     

Reporting beyond the pale: UK news discourse on drones in Pakistan

This article on drone strikes in Pakistan offers a distinctive empirical case study for critical scholarship of counterterrorism. By asking how cosmopolitanism has developed through UK news discourse, it also provides a constructivist contribution to the literature on drones. I argue that UK news discourse is not cosmopolitan because it focuses on risk and places the Other beyond comprehension. US–UK networked counterterrorism operations have complicated accountability, and while a drive for certainty promoted more scrutiny of policy, news media outlets, academics and activists turned to statistical and visual genres of communication that have inhibited understanding of the Other.     

西方国家对巴基斯坦伊斯兰宗教学校的指责、原因及巴基斯坦的应对

“9·11”事件以来,反恐战争背景下的美国及其西方盟友对于巴基斯坦伊斯兰宗教学校的指责声日益上升：宗教学校沦为恐怖组织、培养恐怖分子、资助恐怖组织以及传播极端主义思想。本文分析西方国家对巴基斯坦伊斯兰宗教学校的歪曲与污蔑,探讨其原因和动机并展望巴基斯坦伊斯兰宗教学校的前景。     

Violent attacks on education in the tribal areas of Pakistan and the role of NGOs in providing educational services

Education is no longer safe from attacks during times of armed conflict. In many regions of the world, armed groups intentionally target schools, teachers and students and violate the right of children to get an education. Such is the case in Pakistan, where militant violence and continued armed conflict has disrupted the education of hundreds of thousands of children, particularly girls. The present study addresses a call for a better understanding of how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) function and contribute to peace-building and development through the provision of educational services in conflict zones. Based on field research, the study finds that in spite of challenges, NGOs have been playing a vital role in providing educational services to the conflict-affected communities. Disseminating information, solutions for resuming education, improving school enrolment, psychosocial support and promoting quality education lies at the forefront of NGOs’ battle in the tribal areas of Pakistan. However, the state needs a comprehensive policy to protect education from violent attacks.     

论奥巴马政府的“阿富巴”战略困局

奥巴马在阿富汗战争问题上继承了布什的失误，将不具有连续性的恐怖主义和具有连续性的战争混为一谈，采取增兵阿富汗的方针，战争造成的死伤人数激增，美国已有半数以上的人反对这场战争。奥巴马又将战争扩大到巴基斯坦，遭到塔利班的疯狂报复，恐怖主义袭击遍及巴基斯坦各大城市，巴基斯坦形势恶化。在阿富汗启动和平进程，解决美国和北约撤军问题，成立联合政府，恢复阿富汗的和平与稳定，在巴基斯坦实现停战，是值得探索的出路。     

穆沙拉夫组建政党欲重返政坛：态势、原因与挑战

2010年10月1日,巴基斯坦前总统穆沙拉夫在伦敦宣布组建新政党——全巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟,并宣布将回国参加2013年举行的议会选举,这表明穆沙拉夫志在重返巴基斯坦政坛。穆沙拉夫想组建自己的政党由来已久,卸任两年来以独特方式活跃在国际社会,表明自己的政治存在。巴基斯坦国内形势的发展变化为其重返政治舞台创造了某些有利条件,但其回国参政也面临其他政治势力的挑战和某些法律问题。     

State terrorism: orientalism and the drone programme

This article builds on the recent and growing scholarship on the negative effects of the drone programme. Current literature has shown that the drone programme terrorises the civilian population that it keeps under surveillance. Furthermore, it has articulated the drone programme’s violence as biopolitical and its surveillance as a necropolitical technology of distinction. It is argued in this article that the Orientalist attitudes and logic necessary for drone targeting form the basis for the biopolitical and necropolitical component of the drone programme. This article explores the Orientalism that suffuses the US drone programme in order to juxtapose it with governmental discourses that characterise the drone programme and its surveillance as neutral and humane – demonstrating the gap between government discourses of modernity and the actual drone programme. The necropolitical logic of distinction used for targeting leads to the assimilation of those under the drone’s gaze to a population that can be put to death, leading the drone programme to operate indiscriminately. The biopolitical logic is visible in the US practices, which I argue constitutes terrorism with the corroboration of civilian testimonies.     

India's ‘Af-Pak’ Conundrum: South Asia in Flux

The risks to global security from a failure in Afghanistan are great. Abandoning the goal of establishing both a functioning Afghan state and a moderate Pakistan places greater pressure on Indian security. Pakistani intelligence would be emboldened to escalate terrorist attacks against India once it is satisfied that the Taliban would provide it strategic depth in Afghanistan. This would surely force retaliation from India.