Custody Investigations in Divorce Cases

Custody investigations by social workers of the home circumstances of children soon to be the subject of a custody order in a divorce case usually provide psychological and socioeconomic data about the family and other adults interested in the children's welfare. Reports of such investigations are used by judges in arriving at decisions about custody. The author's research has led him to conclude, however, that such institutionalized custody investigations can be defended only if they help spouses to resolve disputes that otherwise would be tried. Further, he suggests that safeguards be instituted to protect spouses from inaccurate and biased reporting.     

监管场所25例非正常死亡的法医学分析

目的通过对监管场所非正常死亡案例进行筛选、收集,分析其影响因素及法医学特点。方法收集某鉴定中心2000—2015年间受理的监管场所在押人员非正常死亡案例25例,从性别、年龄、历年发案数、死亡原因、死亡方式等方面分析其特征,并对公安类监管场所和监狱类场所的案件性质进行对比。结果涉案死者均为男性,中青年人群为高危人群,历年发案数量呈逐年下降趋势。公安类监管场所的伤害案件发生率(64.7%)大于监狱类场所(12.5%),而监狱类场所的自杀率(62.5%)高于公安类(23.5%)。死亡原因以损伤和窒息为主,其他还有中毒和电击等。结论监管场所非正常死亡案件暴露出执法不规范、监管有漏洞、医疗水平差等问题。进行全面、细致的尸体解剖对于查明此类案件的死因有重要意义。     

从经典判例之行为人处置看强制监护治疗

中国司法精神病学研究人员对野兽条例、妄想标准、不可抗拒冲动检验、M＇Naghten规则等关于精神病人刑事责任能力评定标准的典型案例耳熟能详,但对这些案例中的行为人处置却不甚熟悉。介绍这些行为人的最终处置,并结合国内外监护治疗研究现状,对肇祸精神病人的强制监护治疗制度进行探讨。     

Chapter 10: International Child Custody and Abduction Cases

This chapter will familiarize judges in the U.S. with the state and federal law applicable to international child custody, visitation and abduction disputes. These laws are UCCJA s? 23, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Hague Convention), and the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (ICARA). When a custody order from a foreign country is presented for recognition and enforcement, UCCJA § 23 controls. If notice and opportunity to be heard were given to all affected persons, state courts are to enforce foreign custody decrees. When a petition is filed seeking the prompt return of a child to another country based on allegations that the child's removal or retention was wrongful, the Hague Convention and ICARA govern. If the child's removal or retention is wrongful within the meaning of the Convention, and no exceptions to return are proved, a court in the U.S. must order the child's return forthwith. A return order is not a decision on the merits of custody.     

63例监管场所非暴力性死亡的法医学分析

目的通过收集监管场所非暴力性死亡的案例,分析其法医学特点和相关影响因素。方法收集某鉴定中心2000—2015年间所受理的监管场所在押人员非暴力性死亡案例63例,对其致死性疾病的类型、发病季节、既往病史、临床表现、处理措施及病程进行回顾性分析。结果监管场所因病死亡者以男性居多,高发于中青年人群;主要致死性疾病以心源性死亡居于首位(50.8%),慢性炎性疾病包括胃肠道穿孔、肺结核病、肺炎、肝炎和胰腺炎等数量也较多。夏季是发病高峰,猝然发作的症状为睡眠中急骤发病、突然晕倒,慢性起病的以呕吐、腹痛、乏力、胸闷、气短、发热、纳差等最为常见。结论监管场所的管理制度、监管场所条件、医疗水平和相关知识等仍有改善空间,进行鉴定时需注意健康资料收集、尸体解剖、组织学检查和毒物检验等。     

试论检察机关对监管场所死亡案件的受理

根据有关法律规定,检察机关负责办理监管场所非正常死亡案件。但是,由于对非正常死亡一直没有明确的界定,影响了这一部分的工作。作者通过对9例案件的分析,从检察法医实践的角度进行讨论,对非正常死亡的内涵和条件进行了论证,并以此对有关的规范性法律文件中关于非正常死亡案件的规定阐述了新的理解,认为确定非正常死亡并不能成为检察机关受理案件的前提条件。     

A Systematic Approach to Domestic Abuse–Informed Child Custody Decision Making in Family Law Cases

This article introduces an approach to domestic violence–informed decision making developed under the auspices of the National Child Custody Differentiation Project, a cooperative undertaking among the Battered Women's Justice Project, the Association of Family & Conciliation Courts, the National Council of Juvenile & Family Court Judges, Praxis International, and the U.S. Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women. This approach has four essential elements: (1) identifying domestic abuse; (2) understanding the nature and context of domestic abuse; (3) determining the implications of abuse; and (4) accounting for the nature, context, and implications of abuse in all custody‐related recommendations and decisions.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Applying a systematic approach to domestic violence can help practitioners identify, understand, and account for abuse in family law cases.
• The approach recommended here is suitable for use by anyone who is involved in a contested child custody case at any stage of the proceeding.
• The specific application of the recommended approach will vary depending upon the practitioner's role and function in the case, relationship to the parties, and access to information, as well as the nature of the proceeding and the issues to be decided.

     

司法公正的逻辑解读

关于司法公正的理解存在两条迥异的逻辑思路:一种认为在司法活动中应当以追寻客观事实为出发点,以实现实体公正为目标,并以社会标准对司法公正与否进行评价;另一种则认为在司法活动中应当以法律事实作为逻辑起点,从而追求程序公正,并以法律标准对司法活动过程和结果进行评价。在比较这两种思路的基础上对司法公正进行后者意义上的解读。     

The Nature of Juridical Proof

Much of evidence scholarship deals with straight forward doctrinal rules,such as relevancy,hearsay,character evidence,expert testimony and the like.These rules are extremely important,and I have lectured on many of them in China.There is another set of questions,though,questions that deal with the conceptual foundations of the law of evidence specifically,or the rule of law more generally.In my first lecture,I touched on some of these issues in discussing the relationship between evidence,procedure,and substantive law.Today I wish to talk with you about another fundamental question,in fact perhaps the most fundamental question pertaining to evidence law,and that question is: What is the nature of juridical proof?     

论法律原则及其司法价值

法律原则是法律规则的起源，贯穿于法律文本、法律部门直至法律整体的始终。法律原则是法律规则精神的集中体现，同时法律原则本身也是一种特殊的行为规则，其价值不仅表现在立法领域，在司法领域也发挥着重要作用。