An opportunity lost: Escobar's deconstruction of development

Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. By Arturo Escobar. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp.ix+290. £40/$49.50 and £13.95/$15.95. ISBN 0 691 03409 5 and 00102 2     

控制制高点--三论马克思恩格斯的国有制理论与现实

列宁在十月革命前不主张在经济落后的俄国立即实现全面的国有化,但从一个国家的辛迪加到提出控制制高点,经历了一段很长的理论和实践的艰苦求索,其中包含三个根本性的转变:从全力反对小资产阶级自发性到一定程度上允许自发性;从国家生产和国家分配制度到市场决策;从建设的革命方式到渐进主义的改良.     

Karl Marx and the economics of communism: anniversary recollections

This paper grew out of the author's Karl Marx studies and his practical knowledge of Soviet-type communist economies. It covers a broad spectrum of ideas and practices prevalent in those economies, which— rightly or wrongly—have become associated with Marx's teaching and predictions. Chapter I tries to explain the reasons for Marx's continuous popularity. Chapter II critically examines the validity of the claim about Marxian socialism being “scientific” as opposed to “utopian”. The article, especially in chapter III elaborates on a number of other Marxian ideas, like that of the so-called “anarchy of the market”, which for many decades exerted a negative influence on his followers—theoreticians and practitioners engaged in building what they believed to be a communist economy and society. One of the quintessential features of Marx's teaching, which he took over from Smith and Ricardo, was the labor theory of value and the “law of value” in particular. The latter, interpreted by Stalin as “the law of value under socialism”, was used by him for ideological and propaganda purposes, but after his death has in turn been utilized by Marxists, non-Marxists and anti-Marxists to discredit the Stalinist economic system, and to advance propositions ranking from profound, relevant and commendable to vague and frivolous. Tracing in Chapter IV the peripetia of this “law” provides a deeper insight into both the essential weaknesses of the Marxian theory and the acute dilemmas of the Soviet-type economies.     

《德意志意识形态》中的"交往"概念新论

"交往"是<德意志意识形态>一书中非常重要的一个概念;学界目前的研究缺乏对"交往"含义的具体分析;本文分析了"交往"具有三层含义和它们的相互关系,在此基础上讨论了"交往关系"范畴与"生产关系"范畴之间的关系,探讨了"交往"这一概念在唯物史观形成过程中的作用.     

(Gendered) War

Kurzman (2004) Kurzman, C. 2004. “Conclusion: Social movement theory and Islamic studies”. In Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach, Edited by: Wiktorowicz, Q. 289–303. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  [Google Scholar] argued that social movements research and Islamic studies “followed parallel trajectories, with few glances across the chasm that have separated them.” This article will illuminate one influential process that has relevance to both these areas, the use of small groups for the purpose or radical mobilization. Specifically, it examines the impact of the use of small Islamic study groups (usroh and halaqa) for fundamental and radical Islamic movements. Although small-group mobilization is not unique to Islam, the strategic use of these study groups empowered by the Islamic belief system has yielded significant returns in capacity building for high-risk activism.     

作为工人运动副翼的工会——解读马克思和恩格斯的工会思想

在马克思和恩格斯看来,工会和工人阶级政党作为工人阶级的经济组织和政治组织,构成了工人运动的两翼。它们在帮助工人提高自身生活水平、维护工人自身权益等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,二者地位并不对等。工会作为工人运动的副翼,应当附着在其主翼工人阶级政党之上。工会在改善工人阶级现实经济条件、教育工人阶级等方面发挥着重要作用,却不能完成工人阶级的最终解放,使其摆脱被剥削、被压迫的历史地位。工人阶级的自我解放只能通过工会运动与政党活动的结合,将经济斗争上升为政治斗争、社会革命才能实现。     

Books received (I)

The Computer Revolution in Public Administration, D.C. Pitt and B.C. Smith (eds), Wheatsheaf, 1984, pp. 214, £16.95.

The Development of Planning Thought: A Critical Perspective, Cliff Hague, Hutchinson, 1985, pp. 345, £25.00.

Housing Defects in Manchester, Manchester City Council, 1985, pp. 36, no price given.

Public Policy Studies: The North East of England, Richard A. Chapman (ed.), Edinburgh University Press, 1985, pp. 186, £10.00.

A Workbook in Program Design for Public Managers, Leonard I. Ruchelman, State University of New York Press, 1985, pp. 123, $10.95.

Wychavon: The First Ten Years, Wychavon District Council, 1985, pp. 40, no charge.     

Budgetary politics in the Russian federation:(1) the case: of sakha (yakutia)

This article traces the evolution of center-periphery relations between the Russian federal government and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) using an institutional framework. During each of three stages the author identifies a distinct set of institutional parameters that, to varying degrees, determined the powers of federal and regional institutions. Each stage is also identified with a unique central institutional conflict that helped shape the rules of the political games played during that period. From this perspective, institutional change is seen as a major determinant of Russian center-periphery relations. The article concludes that Sakha has had remarkable success in extracting budgetary concessions from the federal government. However, Sakha has been unable to force the federal government to implement all the promises it has made.

Nonetheless, the concessions that Sakha and others have received are significant, and prompt the conclusion that Russia has become a federal state. However, Russia is far from an equal federation.     

The 401(k) Society

The double whammy of job‐displacing technological advance and wage‐deflating globalization has demoted the American middle class, even as the rich get richer from access to global markets and from their slice of profits from managing massive global financial flows. The specter of growing inequality is haunting free‐market capitalism as never before since the early days of the Industrial Revolution. What is happening? What is to be done? Top economists take a hard look at a hard reality.     

创造性的马克思主义--新型社会主义(下)

随着第二次工业革命和自动化、机器人化的发展,结构性失业将是世界经济的普遍现象,社会主义运动也正进入全新的发展阶段.现在的关键问题是同教条主义做斗争,同时必须革新马克思主义的一系列已经不能反应现实的基本论点.     

走近尼共（毛）——尼泊尔共产党（毛主义）获胜选区访谈纪实

2008年4月10日，尼泊尔举行制宪会议选举，尼泊尔共产党（毛主义）一鸣惊人，出人意料地赢得240个简单多数制选区中的120个和335个比例制席位中的100席，占总席位601席的37％，几乎是第二大党尼泊尔大会党和第三大党尼泊尔共产党（联合马列）所获席位之和。尼共（毛）曾从事武装斗争10年之久，两年前才放下武器，走出丛林。一年半前才获得合法地位，能在此次投票率高、得到国际社会普遍认可的选举中战胜其他有十几年议会斗争经验的老牌政党，背后的原因是什么？