Derrida's Justice and Foucault's Freedom: Ethics, History, and Social Movements

In thinking about justice in a pluralistic world, there are a number of potential theoretical resources. Derrida's thoughts on justice provide some tools with which to support social movements while avoiding the political and theoretical problems of identity politics, I argue; but the antihistorical frame'work of the philosophical ethics used and refined by Derrida is unhelpful to anyone working in social movements. By contrast, Foucault's later work on the ethics of freedom offers tools useful for thinking about embodiment, desire, and the historical specificity of ethical life. And yet, by remaining focused almost solely on liberté–backgrounding égalité, fraternité, and solidarité–Foucault's ethical reflections also remain open to supplementation. Thus, both thinkers'reflections on justice, freedom, and history have elements that are potentially very useful to those social movements that are unhappy with essentialist identities; but along the way we will have to invent our own additional, site-specific tools, in particular insofar as we are interested in building networks of solidarity .     

行政公正的伦理化探索

作为一项重要的伦理原则,公正贯穿于人类生活的各个领域,而最需要公正的领域则是公共行政领域。现代政府作为全社会利益的代表者,应该以行政公正为核心理念,促进社会公正的实现,这既是公共行政无法推卸的责任,也是全社会的共同要求。本文阐释了行政公正的基本内涵,分析了行政公正的伦理导向,并从他律和自律两个角度探讨了实现行政公正的基本对策。     

Social Justice and Legal Form

Abstract
This essay argues for a conception of law as a normative practice, a conception which departs from traditional, particularly positivist, conceptions. It is argued that Dyzenhaus's book (Dyzenhaus 1991), with its fascinating case study of unjust judicial decisions in South Africa, makes a compelling argument for such a conception. However, the essay takes issue with Dyzenhaus for romanticising the liberal tradition, and inflating the power of law and legal theory. Nonetheless, the essay agrees that positivist accounts tend to downplay the emancipatory promise of law, and ends with some remarks about promise.     

经济民主与社会正义——竞争法的深层底蕴

竞争法的价值追求不应该止于传统的自由和竞争理念,还应当审视自由和竞争之后的深层价值追求:经济民主和社会正义。经济民主是指经济领域内的民主。经济民主理念促使竞争法突破竞争者中心主义,关注多元主体的参与机制,突破禁令模式走向限制强势与扶助弱势相结合的机制。社会正义在经济领域具有特殊的涵义。由于自由竞争无法满足社会正义的要求,需要由政府等公共权力作为社会公意的代言人。政府应从社会正义原则的要求出发在遵循辅助性原则和民主性原则的前提下,为市场竞争制定有效的规范,维护弱势经济主体的基本利益。     

分配正义与个人所得税法改革

为解决收入分配格局中劳动报酬比例过低和居民收入比例过低的突出问题,需要高度重视税收调节在实现分配正义中的积极作用。为此,我国个人所得税法改革的目标应当是在逐步提高个人所得税收入规模的基础上,侧重于强化其调节收入分配的功能,选择综合与分类相结合的课税模式。在个人所得税立法中,实体制度建构的重点是完善费用扣除制度,改革和优化税率结构;征管程序制度变革的关键是建立源泉扣缴与自行申报相结合的征管模式,健全个人收入信息监控制度。应当制定推进个人所得税法改革的工作意见,加快税收征管法修订步伐。     

Punishment and Justice in Adam Smith*

Abstract. The modern interpretation of Smith as a retributive theorist of punishment is challenged in favour of a view of his work as containing a curious amalgam of retributive and utilitarian elements. This unsynthesised theoretical compound accounts for many of the contradictory positions assumed by him, examples of which are given in the article. At the level of “punishment” (i.e., punishment considered without a political dimension), the retributivehtilitarian dichotomy is observed in his discussions of merit and demerit (which are utilitarian in their logic) and propriety and impropriety (which are retributive). At the level of state punishment, the same dichotomy is seen in his juxtaposition of considerations of individual justice and the political ends of punishment. A final section locates Smith's “double cleft stick” theoretically in his position on the one hand in the Hobbesian materialist tradition and on the other in his historical stance half-way between the individualism of the contractarians and the full blown utilitarianism of Bentham.     

社会正义抑或个人自由?——庞德利益理论根本诉求的探究

罗斯科·庞德利益理论的根本诉求经历了从强调社会利益、社会正义到强调个人利益、个人自由这一转向过程。揭示出这一为大多数论者所忽略的转向过程不仅能够澄清既有讨论中的社会利益论和中性框架论这两种解读进路在理论上的误读之处和理论缺陷,从而对庞德利益理论的发展保有一种动态而全面的理解,更有助于在此基础上洞见庞德的利益理论所具有的表面上的开放性和根本上的封闭性,以及其封闭性为利益理论带来的理论限度——这种理论限度恰恰是我们在探寻一种社会转型时期的中国法律哲学时应当给予特别注意的。     

Assessing Criminal Justice Practice Using Social Justice Theory

In this article, I introduce two of the leading theories of social justice put forth by John Rawls and David Miller. Then, I assess criminal justice practice, from law-making to corrections, in terms of ways in which it is consistent and inconsistent with these theories of social justice. Throughout the article, I also identify ways in which criminal justice practice is inconsistent with social justice. Finally, I make recommendations for reforming criminal justice to make it more consistent with social justice.     

认识社会公正的几个视角

社会公正是社会主义的核心价值取向,是现代社会的基本价值理念和基本规则。社会公正既是现代社会基本制度安排和设计的主要依据,也是社会各个群体之间赖以进行良性互动的基本规则。只有基于社会公正,社会方能实现安全运行和健康发展。转型期的中国社会需要社会公正理论。     

Ethics in Criminal Justice: John Dewey Revisited

John Dewey has much to say to contemporary criminal justice educational strategies, particularly in respect to broadening the curriculum to include exposure to the humanities, values exploration, and moral decision-making. The case study method, coupled with Socratic teaching use of varied materials from the humanities, can approach an optimal learning experience within the Dewayan model. This educational model is offered in response to the calls for sensitive, holistic criminal justice practitioners in the modern age.     

Equity and Social Justice in Water Doctrines

The role of institutions in the management of natural resources, such as surface water, have long been seen as promoting an efficient and socially just distribution of the available resource. Perceptions of basic liberties and procedural and distributive justice are often at the core of many water disputes throughout the world. During the past 15 years there has been a number of extensive studies exploring community perceptions of fairness and justice in water management and the development of fairness principles (see e.g., Nancarrow, B. E., and Syme, G. J. (2001). Soc. Justice Res. 14(4): 441–452; Syme, G. J., and Nancarrow, B. E. (1992). Perceptions of Fairness and Social Justice in the Allocation of Water Resources in Australia. CSIRO, Division of Water Resources, Perth, Australia (Consultancy Report No. 92/38); Syme, G. J., and Nancarrow, B. E. (1997). Water Resour. Res. 32: 1843–1850; Syme, G. J., Nancarrow, B. E., and McCreddin, J. A. (1999). J. Environ. Manage. 57: 51–70; Syme, G. J., Nancarrow, B. E., and McCreddin, J. A. (2000). Risk Anal. 20(6): 905–916). This paper contributes to that body of knowledge by evaluating three water doctrines underpinning water management using a variety of social justice criteria, drawing examples from the United States and Australia as appropriate. The notion is that if the water doctrine of a state or country conforms to a set of social justice principles then the water policies derived from it should produce just outcomes.     

Rights,Justice and War: A Reply*

I offer a response to Rodin’s, Statman’s, Stilz’s, and Tadros’ papers on my book Cosmopolitan War.     

Book Review: Considering Social Justice: A Review of David Miller's Principles of Social Justice

Miller's volume is a useful, thorough, and innovating overview of the subject of social justice. It inspires three lines of critical response. The first involves the symbiotic role of philosophy and empirical inquiry in the analysis of justice. The second involves the qualities of opportunity that ought to underlie justice. Finally, there are a few lessons regarding the status of justice in the overall evaluation of society that can be learned from the case of the United States, which has an anomalously bad record with respect to distributive justice. The centrality of politics is one of the implications of the analysis.     

Social Justice and Environmental Management: An Introduction

Social Justice Research -